彩超对乳腺肿块的诊断分析

目的：回顾性分析了43倒乳腺肿块二维声像图和彩色多谱勒血流表现，探讨乳腺肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断。方法：使用Aloka5000型彩色多谱勒超声诊断仪，对43例临床拟诊乳腺肿块的患者进行检查诊断，分析其二维图象表现、血流分布信息及血流动力学改变。结果在乳腺肿块声像图诊断中，肿块后方回声及肿块边界特征是鉴别良、恶性肿块的关键。本组大多数恶性肿块后方伴有明显衰减，肿块形态不规则，边界不清内部回声低且不均匀，彩色多谱勒检出丰富血流信号。良性肿块后方无衰减。部分后方回声增强，肿块边界光整，内部回声均匀，彩色多谱勒多无明显血流信号。结论：彩超在乳腺良、恶性肿块的诊断中，具有重要的鉴别诊断价值及较大的临床应用价值。     

超声检查乳腺占位性病变临床分析

目的 探讨超声学检查在乳腺肿块诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 选择我院乳腺外科诊治的单发乳腺肿块患者96例,根据病理学检查结果,观察超声学检查对良恶性乳腺肿块的诊断符合率及良、恶性乳腺肿块的超声声像图特征.结果 彩色多普勒超声共准确诊断91例乳腺肿块,其诊断符合率为94.79％％（91/96）.乳腺癌形态不规则、纵横比≥1的、边缘不清、包膜不完整及周围浸润、内部回声不均、后方回声衰减及腋窝淋巴结肿大的比例均显著高于良性乳腺肿块,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）..乳腺癌Ⅱ级及Ⅲ级血流的比例均显著高于良性乳腺肿块,其差异均具有显著性（P＜0.05）.恶性乳腺肿块PSV及RI均值分别为（20.1±3.7）cm/s和（0.9±0.2）cm/s,显著高于良性乳腺肿块的（8.8±2.4）cm/s和（0.6士0.1）cm/s,其差异均具有显著性（P＜0.05）.结论 彩色多普勒超声可以清晰显示乳腺肿块的特征,具有很高的应用价值.     

高频超声对乳腺小肿块鉴别诊断的价值

目的:评价高频超声二维征象及彩色多普勒血流指标在乳腺小肿块鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:使用高频超声诊断仪观察196个长径小于2 cm的乳腺肿块的二维超声特征(包括病灶形态,病灶内部,病灶后方有无衰减及有无微小钙化灶),然后使用彩色多普勒对病变进行多普勒血流参数测定(包括血流丰富度、PSV、RI、PI)。比较二维超声征象及彩色多普勒血流参数在乳腺良、恶性肿块中的差异并对其诊断敏感性、特异性加以分析。结果:病灶形态、病灶内部、病灶后方及有无微小钙化灶良、恶性病变间均有显著性差异。恶性肿块PSV、RI、PI值均明显高于良性肿块。结论:彩色多普勒超声血流参数测定对乳腺良、恶肿块的鉴别诊断具有重要的参考价值,与肿块的二维声像图征象相结合可提高乳腺肿块的超声诊断准确率。     

二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断乳腺包块的临床价值

目的：探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断乳腺包块的临床价值。方法应用高频探头对85例各种原因引起的乳腺包块进行检查,所有病例均经手术及病理证实,并与超声诊断对照分析。结果85例乳腺包块经病理证实良性者32例,二维＋多普勒超声准确诊断30例,诊断符合率为93．8％;恶性者53例,二维＋多普勒超声准确诊断50例,诊断符合率为94．3％,且无论良性或恶性,二维＋多普勒超声诊断符合率均较单纯二维声像图诊断率高。结论二维声像图结合彩色多普勒检查可大大提高诊断的正确率,对乳腺疾病的早期发现及良恶性鉴别具有重要意义。     

乳腺肿块的二维超声及彩色多普勒诊断价值

本文着重分析乳腺肿块的二维声像图表现及彩色多普勒血流情况 ,旨在探讨良恶性乳腺肿块的超声特点 ,以期提高乳腺肿块的诊断符合率。1　材料与方法　　本组 80例女性病人 ,年龄 1 4～ 72岁 ,平均年龄 34 .6岁 ,其中 35岁以下者 35例。所有病例均经术前一周超声检查。使用美国ＨＰＩｍａｇｅｐｏｉｎｔＨＸ彩色超声诊断仪 ,Ｌ1 0 - 5宽频线探头 ,中心频率 7.5ＭＨｚ。患者取仰卧位 ,充分暴露双侧乳房。采用直接检查法 ,对双侧乳房进行系统检查 ,如发现肿块观察测量其大小、形态、边界、包膜情况及内部回声、侧边声影、后方回声等形态学特征。…     

超声检查在良恶性乳腺肿块评估中的应用

作者对１００例乳腺肿块的超声检查资料进行了回顾性分析，其中乳腺癌４２例，乳腺良性肿瘤和其他良性病变５８例，均经手术和病理证实。乳腺癌的超声诊断符合率为８３．３％，乳腺良性肿块的诊断符合率为６９．０％。结果表明，根据病灶的边界、形态、回声分布、后方有否衰减及周围组织有否浸润等声像图表现，对肿块的良恶性判断有一定的参考价值，但当病灶较小，特别是合并有较明显的乳腺病时，超声检查对良恶性的判断常其限度。     

超声检查在良恶性乳腺肿块评估中的作用

作者对１００例乳腺肿块的超声检查资料进行了回顾性分析，其中乳腺癌４２例，乳腺良性肿瘤和其他良性病变５８例，均经手术和病理证实。乳腺癌的超声诊断符合率为８３．３％，乳腺良性肿块的诊断符合率为６９．０％。结果表明，根据病灶的边界、形态、回声分布、后方有否衰减及周围组织有否浸润等声像图表现，对肿块的良恶性别断有一定的参考价值。但当病灶较小，特别是合并有较明显的乳腺病时，超胃检查对良恶性的判断常有其限度。     

乳腺肿块的高频彩超诊断与病理对照分析

 目的 探讨高频彩超在鉴别乳腺良、恶性肿块中的价值.方法 对经病理证实的乳腺良、恶性肿块86例的高频彩超进行回顾性分析.结果 高频彩超检查乳腺肿块86例,良性61例,超声检出57例,恶性肿块25例,超声检出23例.以RI =0.7为标准,诊断乳腺癌的敏感性0.92,特异性0.966,准确性0.930.彩色多普勒的阻力指数(RI)、脉动指数(PI)在良、恶性肿块中均有统计学差异(P＜0.01).彩超根据肿块彩色血流丰富程度分4级,良性肿块0、Ⅰ级为主,恶性肿块Ⅱ、Ⅲ级为主,二者有统计学差异(P＜0.01).结论 高频彩超对乳腺性肿块的检出率高,应用二维声像图特点与彩色多普勒分析,综合判断,可明显提高对乳腺良、恶性肿块的诊断水平.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤超声特征及与病理对照分析

目的:研究乳腺叶状肿瘤的超声声像图特征,并与病理结果相对照,以期从超声角度提高对本病的认识。方法:分析经病理证实的16例乳腺叶状肿瘤的二维及彩色多普勒超声表现,并与病理结果对照分析。结果:二维图像肿块体积大小范围变化大,形态不规则可分叶,可有包膜,内部多为不均匀弱回声,可有液性暗区。CDFI良性血流0~Ⅰ级,恶性Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,阻力指数偏高。结论:乳腺叶状肿瘤的二维声像图具有一定特点,但无明显特异性,肿块的大小与良恶性之间无明显联系,结合肿块内部囊性变、彩色多普勒超声显示丰富的血流及高速高阻频谱,对提示恶性有意义。     

三种超声方法鉴别乳腺良恶性肿块的对比分析

目的：探讨三种不同超声方法对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断价值。方法：对30个乳腺肿块患者行二维超声常规检查和多普勒检查,并进行超声征象评分和多普勒分析,用设定的三种方法进行良恶性判断,并与病理和手术结果相对照。结果：三种方法进行乳腺肿块的良恶性判断,符合率明显不同（46．7％,60％,83．7％）,其中以二维超声征象评分结合彩色多普勒超声的定量分析,符合率最高。结论：综合二维超声征象评分和彩色血流的定量分析,大大提高了乳腺肿块良恶性判断的准确率,减少了诊断中的主观性。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.