多层螺旋CT对慢性胰腺炎并发假性动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的：探讨慢性胰腺炎并发假性动脉瘤的多层螺旋CT表现及CT诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术、DSA及临床随访证实的9例慢性胰腺炎并发假性动脉瘤患者的CT资料,包括平扫、多期增强扫描横断面图像及后处理重组图像,重点分析假性动脉瘤的部位、形态、大小、密度、强化程度以及病灶与周围血管的关系。结果：9例假性动脉瘤患者中,发生于脾动脉者4例,位于胰体尾部区域;肠系膜上动脉1例,位于肠系膜上动脉走行区;胃十二指肠动脉及胰十二指肠动脉各2例,位于胰头区域。瘤体直径3.0～6.5cm,平均4.5cm。平扫病灶多呈稍低密度,圆形或类圆形;增强后病灶明显强化,动脉期瘤体内强化区域略低于或接近同层面主动脉CT值;门脉期接近或高于同层面主动脉CT值,6例延迟期扫描的病灶均呈相对高密度;病灶周边存在无强化区域。9例中3例可显示破口（33%）。结论：MSCT多期增强扫描结合图像后处理技术对慢性胰腺炎并发假性动脉瘤的定位、定性诊断具有重要价值。     

16层螺旋CT在腹主动脉瘤中的诊断应用

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT对腹主动脉瘤的诊断价值.方法 对40例腹主动脉瘤患者进行16层螺旋CT扫描,采用多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)图像重组.结果 CT显示腹主动脉呈囊状扩张7例、梭形扩张23例、囊梭形扩张10例.其中多发性腹主动脉瘤3例,并发假性动脉瘤1例.MPR准确显示瘤体的位置、形态、范围及瘤腔内附壁血栓,MIP较好地显示瘤壁或附壁血栓内的钙化,VR以三维形式精确显示瘤体与邻近腹主动脉及其与分支血管的关系.结论 16层螺旋CT是腹主动脉瘤诊断、随诊观察和术后随访最理想的影像技术.     

胰腺炎并发假性动脉瘤的CT表现

目的探讨胰腺炎并发假性动脉瘤的CT征象及CT在诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术及DSA证实的6例胰腺炎并发假性动脉瘤患者的CT资料，分析假性动脉瘤的部位、大小、CT表现等。结果6例假性动脉瘤患者中，2例并发于急性胰腺炎，4例并发于慢性胰腺炎。发生于脾动脉2例，位于腺体尾部脾动脉走行区；胃十二指肠动脉及胰十二指上肠动脉分别为2例和1例，位于胰头区域；肠系膜上动脉1例，位于肠系膜上动脉走行区域；瘤体直径3．2～7．0cm，平均5．8cm。假性动脉瘤平扫时呈圆形或类圆形低密度病灶，中心密度均匀或不均匀，增强后病灶部分明显强化，与同层面主动脉CT值接近，病灶周边存在无强化区域。结论增强CT扫描在胰腺炎并发假性动脉瘤的诊断中有重要价值。     

64层螺旋CT在主动脉假性动脉瘤中的应用

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT对主动脉假性动脉瘤的诊断价值.资料与方法主动脉假性动脉瘤患者29例,男16例,女13例,年龄35～68岁,平均56岁.均行64层螺旋CT扫描,并将扫描原始数据采用容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面蓖组(MPR)处理.结果 VR明确显示动脉瘤的范围和周围血管的关系;MPR对瘤体内附壁血栓范围的显示较佳;而MIP对瘤壁的钙化及对管腔各段的精确测量颇有价值.结论 64层螺旋CT是主动脉假性动脉瘤诊断、随诊观察和术后随访较理想的影像技术.     

主动脉假性动脉瘤的影像诊断

目的：探讨主动脉假性动脉瘤的影像表现，评价MRI的诊断价值。方法：报道5例经手术证实的主动脉假性动脉瘤的影像所见，MRI检查4例，彩超检查3例，CT检查2例和主动脉造影1例。结果：胸、腹主动脉假性动脉瘤分别为3例和2例，假性动脉瘤位于主动脉轮廓外。彩超显示瘤体与主动脉有双向血流。CT和主动脉造影表现层状密度瘤体、早期强化和显影。MRI表现假性动脉瘤壁厚薄不均和信号不均质，均有破裂口。GRE显示经主动脉狭窄破裂口向瘤腔内喷射高信号血流。结论：MRI对假性动脉瘤的诊断有重要价值。     

外伤性急性主动脉损伤的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的 探讨外伤性急性主动脉损伤的多层螺旋CT表现.方法 回顾分析15例经多层螺旋CT诊断、并经手术证实的主动脉损伤的CT表现.15例中男12例,女3例,年龄24～70岁.结果 13例外伤性动脉损伤位于主动脉弓峡部,其中5例为主动脉内膜撕裂,多层螺旋CT增强表现为血管腔内游离的内膜片.8例为血管壁全层破裂伴纵隔内及主动脉周围积血,两侧胸腔积血,多层螺旋CT增强表现为管腔局部突出伴周围血肿形成.1例位于胸腹主动脉交界处,1例位于胸动脉降部,均为主动脉全层破裂伴假性动脉瘤形成.结论 多层螺旋CT能准确、快速、方便地诊断外伤性主动脉壁损伤伴动脉管壁破裂后假性动脉瘤形成.     

MSCT在腹膜后副神经节瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT （MSCT）在腹膜后副神经节瘤诊断中的应用价值,提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析我院2003年5月～2012年4月经手术病理证实为腹膜后副神经节瘤的13例患者CT 资料。所有患者均行M SC T增强扫描及三维后处理重建。以手术结果为标准,分析CT 检查显示腹膜后副神经节瘤的准确性。结果13例患者中,11例单发,2例多发,共计16个病灶。病灶均位于腹主动脉周围,呈椭圆形或圆形,平扫肿瘤呈等或略低密度,密度不均匀,2例病灶边缘钙化。增强扫描病灶不均匀明显强化,可见坏死和囊变区,7例瘤内或瘤周可见明显强化的迂曲血管影。CT增强扫描及三维重建在病灶大小、形态、位置、供血动脉及与周围组织关系的显示上与手术结果一致。结论腹膜后副神经节瘤的CT表现具有一定特异性,MSCT增强扫描及三维重建在腹膜后副神经节瘤的诊断中有重要价值。     

64层螺旋CT诊断血管性病变急腹症的临床价值分析

目的：探讨血管性病变导致急性腹痛的64层螺旋C T诊断价值。方法分析38例血管源性急腹症平扫及增强CT ,分析CT表现。结果内脏动脉瘤合并出血6例;腹主动脉及右侧髂总动脉瘤合并出血3例;腹主动脉分支夹层7例;肠系膜上动静脉扭转3例;肠系膜上动静脉栓塞及血栓形成14例;肾动脉栓塞5例。结论通过64层螺旋C T平扫及增强扫描,腹部血管性病变能清晰显示其病因、病变范围及其继发改变,达到诊断明确,所以腹痛疑诊为血管性病变时,CTA应作为影像学的首选检查方法。     

多层螺旋CT血管成像在腹主动脉瘤中的诊断应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像在腹主动脉瘤（AAA）中的诊断价值。方法30例临床疑诊AAA患者均经16层螺旋CT血管成像（MSCTA）。采用最大密度投影（M1P）、多平面重组（MPR）、容积再现（VR）技术对传送至AW4.1工作站的原始数据进行重建,获得二维或三维的立体图像。结果30例疑诊AAA患者中有7例真性腹主动脉瘤,15例假性动脉瘤,8例主动脉夹层。MPR能准确显示瘤体位置、形态、范围及附壁血栓。MIP能较好地显示瘤壁及附壁血栓内的钙化。VR技术能立体精确显示腹主动脉、瘤体及周围组织结构的空间关系。结论多层螺旋CT血管成像是一种无创、快速的检查方法,为临床诊断、治疗腹主动脉瘤提供重要信息。     

多层螺旋CT血管造影在假性动脉瘤的诊断、治疗及随访中的应用

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)在假性动脉瘤的诊断和治疗中的应用价值.材料和方法:对4例假性动脉瘤患者进行MSCTA检查,将获得图像进行多平面重建(MPVR),最大强度投影(MIP),容积再现(VR)技术后处理重建.结果:2例假性动脉瘤位于腹主动脉,1例位于肾动脉,1例位于小腿动脉.瘤体直径2.5～6cm.肿瘤呈类圆形,边缘毛糙.1例肿瘤边缘血栓形成.1例瘤体完全血栓机化.3例用MPVR技术良好显示母血管开口大小.结论:MSCTA是一种简便、经济、准确的检查方法,能有效的显示假性动脉瘤的形态特征和动脉受损部位以及母血管开口大小,对临床诊断和选择治疗方法,以及治疗后的效果随访有重要价值.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.