高频彩色多普勒超声对体表肿块的诊断价值

目的探讨高频彩色多普勒超声在体表肿块中的诊断价值。方法对67例体表肿块患者的超声表现进行回顾性分析,总结其声像图特征,根据其声像图形态、大小、内部回声、边缘回声、血流特点及是否有完整包膜,观察高频彩色多普勒超声对这些患者体表肿块的定性诊断。结果67例中脂肪瘤20例,胴窝囊肿15例,纤维瘤7例,腱鞘囊肿7例,坐骨结节囊肿6例,血管瘤5例,神经鞘膜瘤3例,皮脂腺囊肿3例,脂肪坏死1例。每种疾病声像图特征各异。结论在常见体表肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断中,高频彩色多普勒超声具有重要的临床应用价值。     

乳腺癌的彩超诊断价值

目的:探讨乳腺癌的彩超声像图和彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)表现,评价其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析63例乳腺癌声像图资料,就其二维超声图像的特点进行分析,并对其中45例经多普勒能量图检测的病例的多普勒信号和指标进行总结。结果:高频超声的二维图像能显示乳腺癌肿块的内部呈低回声,境界不清,边缘呈多角形或蟹足样,回声衰减,纵/横比率(L/T)>1,钙化灶出现等。CDFI显示出肿块内部丰富血流,测定其动脉血流峰速大于12cm/s。结论:综合分析声像图和CDFI表现对乳腺癌的诊断具有重要价值。     

130例乳腺癌彩超表现与病理相关性的研究

目的 探讨乳腺癌彩色多普勒超声与病理组织学分类的关系，并寻找其诊断要点。方法 应用高频彩色多普勒超声检查了130例乳腺癌共计136个肿块，根据其超声声像图表现从形态、边界、回声、钙化灶，与周围组织的关系、血流显像等要素对病灶的超声图像与病理结果进行回顾性分析。结果 130例乳腺癌中，超声诊断112例，误诊18例，超声与病理结果的符合率为86．15％。假阴性率13．85％。结论 对乳腺癌声像图的特征与病理检查结果对照分析有利于系统观察肿瘤组织学改变的多样性及复杂性，确诊要点以肿瘤的边界、回声特征最为关键。对恶性肿瘤滋养血管的血流特性，用彩色多普勒血流显像技术显示有助诊断。     

肌骨超声检查对创伤性浅表软组织损伤的临床诊断价值分析

目的 探讨肌骨超声检查对创伤性浅表软组织损伤的临床诊断价值。方法 选取本院收治的疑似创伤性浅表软组织损伤206例患者,均行超声检查及磁共振成像（Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI）检查,以手术病理检查结果为“金标准”,观察超声检查诊断结果及其安全性与准确性、超声检查声像图特点。结果 以手术病理检查结果为“金标准”,超声检查与MRI检查两种方式对诊断效能、损伤类型及阳性预测值与阴性预测值比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但MRI检查对半月板撕裂检出率高于超声检查,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。12例神经损伤患者超声检查可见受压部位横断面减小,回声逐渐降低,彩色多普勒检查可探及少量血流信号;19例实性肿块患者声像图可见形态不规则回声区,边缘模糊,多普勒探查无血流信号;28例囊性肿块患者声像图可见部分液性暗区或无回声区,部分可探及血流信号,边缘清晰;24例韧带撕裂患者声像图可见患侧韧带弥漫性增厚且回声减低、结构紊乱,并可见血流信号;15例肌腱损伤患者声像图可见呈条带状低回声,且有连续性中断伴裂隙样低回声,断端可见血流信号;61例半月板撕裂患者声...     

药物性外周神经炎的超声诊断价值探讨

目的探讨高频超声对于药物性外周神经炎的诊断价值。方法选取21例药物性外周神经炎声像图表现进行回顾性分析,总结其声像图特征。结果高频超声可清晰显示药物性外周神经炎的位置、累及范围、内部回声及其血流信号等信息,21例患者中36条受累神经声像图均表现为外周神经增粗,内部回声减低,束膜结构显示不清,彩色多普勒可见较丰富血流信号显示。结论高频超声是诊断药物性外周神经炎首选的影像学检查方法。     

乳腺乳头腺瘤的超声表现

目的:探讨乳腺乳头腺瘤的高频超声图像特征.材料和方法:回顾性分析7例经术后病理证实的乳腺乳头腺瘤的超声图像资料.在灰阶声像图上观察病灶形状、大小、边界、内部回声及后方回声.应用彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)观察病灶内部及周围血流分布和供应情况.结果:6例乳腺乳头腺瘤声像图表现为乳头内圆形或椭圆形低回声结节,境界清楚,后方回声增强,彩色多普勒显示结节内少量血流或边缘血流.1例位于左乳乳头后方低回声结节,边界清晰,周边见薄的包膜回声,彩色多普勒显示其内中等量的血流信号.结论:乳腺乳头腺瘤是一种少见的乳腺良性肿瘤,超声检查有助于乳腺乳头腺瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断.     

乳腺囊内乳头状癌的声像图特征

目的:探讨乳腺囊内乳头状癌的高频声像图特征及其鉴别诊断。方法:回顾性分析11例经术后病理证实的乳腺囊内乳头状癌资料,超声观察病灶形态、大小、边界、内部回声、后方回声,以及病灶内及周围血流情况。结果:乳腺囊内乳头状癌声像图表现为边界清楚,囊壁上乳头状突起,形态不规则,基底部较宽,可有厚分隔,后方回声增强,彩色多普勒显示囊内实质结节内血流较丰富或边缘血流等特征。结论:乳腺囊内乳头状癌的超声表现具有一定的特征,有助于乳腺囊内乳头状癌的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤高频超声特征的对比分析

目的:探讨高频超声对乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤的诊断价值。方法:对术前行高频彩色多普勒超声检查、并经手术病理证实的48例乳腺叶状肿瘤和128例纤维腺瘤的超声声像图和临床资料进行回顾性对比分析。结果:高频超声声像图显示2组在肿瘤形状、内部回声、有无钙化及无回声区、后方回声、血流信号分级方面差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:高频超声声像图示肿块呈欠规则或不规则形,内部回声不均匀,见钙化及无回声区,后方回声增强,彩色血流分级呈Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,均视为乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤的鉴别要点。     

乳腺癌47例超声探讨

本文对经手术及病理证实的乳腺癌47例进行声像图分析,旨在探讨其超声图像在其诊断中的价值。1材料与方法47例乳腺癌患者,全部来自近2年我院外科住院的女性患者,年龄22~81岁,平均49岁。应用Agilent Sonos 5500型彩色超声诊断仪。探头频率7·5MHz,选用乳腺常规检测程序。患者取仰卧位,二维切面观察肿块位置、大小、形态、边界、内部回声及有无钙化灶,后方衰减及纵横径比值等,然后观察彩色多普勒血流(CDFI)显示情况。2结果47例乳腺癌术前超声与术后病理对照,符合诊断者42例(符合率89·4%),其中浸润性导管癌28例,导管内癌4例,单纯癌5例,髓样…     

乳腺癌的彩色多普勒及高频超声表现(附82例分析)

目的 探讨乳腺癌的高频超声图像特征及彩色多普勒血流表现。方法回顾性分析82例经手术、病理证实为乳腺癌的高频超声表现及彩色多普勒血流特征：结果乳腺癌的高频超声图像像，如肿块的形态、边界、内部回声、钙化、衰减及彩色多普勒血流，有一定的特征。结论高频超声与彩色多普勒技术联合应用诊断乳腺癌，其诊断符合率会有一定的提高。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.