家兔肝膈面传入纤维的逆行追踪

将CB-HRP注入24只家兔肝膈面浆膜下,14例未出现酶标细胞,10例在以下的神经节内出现了标记细胞:C_(3-8),T_(19),T_(4-10);迷走神经下节。出现的标记细胞稀少,总数为80个,左侧49个(61.25%),右侧31个(38.75%),其中出现在颈部的脊神经节者57个,而出现在C_5、C_4两个神经节者49个(61.25%),为高峰区。酶标细胞出现在胸部脊神经节者为数稀少,其分布似乎无规律。讨论了标记细胞不出现和出现稀少以及颈部脊神经节出现酶标细胞的原因。     

中国人寰椎横突后沟或管的观察

本文观察了201块(男122,女79)西安地区成人的寰椎。其横突后沟或管的总出现率为64.68％(130例)。其中出现横突后沟者66例(32.84％);出现横突后管者39例(19.40％),一侧出现横突后沟,另一侧出现横突后管者25例(12.44％)。横突后沟或管的出现率,侧差及性差均不显著。本文观察结果与国内外资料作了比较。     

辽宁锡伯族和汉族前额发际的基因频率

本文调查了辽宁锡伯族及汉族群体的前额发际出现率和基因频率分布,同时也进行了各民族间出现率及基因频率的比较.研究结果表明:辽宁锡伯族前额发际平齐出现率71.88%、隐性基因频率0.8478;汉族前额发际平齐出现率74.88%、隐性基因频率0.8653.两民族前额发际平齐出现率及基因频率性别间无显著差异.与国内其他民族的相比,辽宁锡伯族及汉族群体前额发际平齐出现率及基因频率均处于较高水平.     

因抑郁症住院,有必要吗?

Q:我是一名患者家属。我的丈夫几年前出现过一段时间的心烦、乏力、晚上睡不着觉的情况,之后就慢慢好了。最近他又出现了这些症状,并总说活着没意思,但没出现什么过激     

慢性粒细胞白血病急性变的染色体研究

本文对13例慢性粒细胞白血病急性变(简称慢粒急变)染色体研究。着重研究了:1、Ph染色体出现高达100％,并有2例出现22Ph染色体。2、观察了染色体特征性的变化。染色体异常涉及17条染色体,有8条染色体出现三体,并有结构异常。3、i(19q)出现病情进入终未期,另发现异常核型改变出现在骨髓恶性增殖之前。故在慢粒病程中连续进行染色体分析有助于诊断、治疗、预防。     

现代华南人恒齿测量和齿尖形态观察研究

<正> 作者测量和观察了现代华南人1963个恒牙。结果表明,铲形门齿的出现率为91.8％;卡氏尖在M~1中的出现率为23.8％,在M~1中的出现率为1.6％。M~1仅出现四尖型,M~2中四尖型最多,但以4~-型为主,M~3中以三尖型为多,没有出现4型,为     

脑胼胝体肿瘤病人术后观察及护理

颅脑肿瘤手术后患者会出现各种并发症,此病人术后住院期间出现了高热,一侧肢体瘫痪并发症,未出现泌尿系感染、坠积性肺炎、消化道出血等潜在并发症,经过12天的精心治疗及护理后康复出院.     

汶川地震对少年儿童的影响研究

目的探讨地震对少年儿童的心理影响。方法采用自编问卷对58名少年儿童进行调查。结果①地震后少年儿童出现了不同程度的应激反应,如46.6%的人感觉茫然,75.9%感觉不真实;46.6%的人反复出现影像和有重复出现的想法,48.3%的人做恶梦;36.2%的人出现逃避某种刺激或感觉,55.2%人逃避某些地点,37.9%的人出现睡眠困难,34.5%人出现过度警惕,72.4%的人容易受到惊吓等等;②不同性别的少年儿童在逃避某些地点(χ2=5.321,P=0.021)、容易受到惊吓(χ2=5.113,P=0.024)和过度警觉(χ2=7.821,P=0.005)上存在显著差异。结论震区少年儿童出现了不同程度的应激反应,女生更容易逃避某些地点和受到惊吓,男生更容易出现过度警觉。     

全髋表面置换术后与正常股骨近端生物力学比较

目的 通过三维有限元方法研究全髋表面置换术后股骨近端骨质区应力分布的变化。方法 采用64排螺旋CT扫描获得正常股骨近端图像数据,重建股骨近端的三维有限元模型,对金属对金属全髋表面置换术后股骨近端和正常股骨近端应力分布进行量化研究,分析术后生物力学环境的变化。结果 髋关节表面置换术后,股骨头近端上、前、后、下方4个区域均出现明显应力遮挡,应力峰值分别为0.60、0.57、0.66、0.79 MPa,遮挡率分别为99.80%、99.16%、98.92%、96.66%。股骨头远端大部分区域出现了应力增加,其中应力遮挡只出现在股骨头远端的后方区域,遮挡率为4.92%。术后股骨颈近端前方区域出现了应力增加,在上、下、后方区域出现了应力遮挡,遮挡率分别为16.48%、22.75%和7.83%;股骨颈远端下方区域出现了应力增加,其余区域出现应力遮挡。大粗隆区出现应力增加9.22%;小粗隆区域和股骨颈基底区出现应力遮挡,遮挡率分别为2.49%、14.44%。结论髋关节表面置换术后股骨近端大部分区域的应力分布和正常股骨相比非常接近,应力传递接近生理状态,可有效避免术后股骨近段明显的应力遮挡,同时保留了骨量,有利于患者正常的生理活动。     

大鼠缺血性急性肾损伤对肺脏超微结构的影响

目的　观察大鼠缺血性急性肾损伤对肺脏细胞超微结构的影响。 方法　应用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜技术以及立体计量学方法观察急性肾缺血60 min再灌注24 h后的肺脏。 结果　部分肺泡I型上皮细胞发生了肿胀性坏死,II型上皮细胞也出现了肿胀性坏死,细胞内大量空泡出现。嗜锇性板层小体消失,肺泡内皮细胞出现了凋亡的表现。肺内组织出现了中性粒细胞浸润。 结论　大鼠肾脏急性肾缺血损伤可引起肺细胞坏死与凋亡,其中坏死损伤为多见。此外,炎性细胞浸润也是不可忽略的症候。     

A new hypothesis on the mechanism of calcification formed on a blood-contacted polymer surface

Calcification on a blood-contacting polymer surface in an artificial heart is one of the most serious problems. Recently, we maintained a goat with a total artificial heart (AH) for 532 days without systemic anticoagulation. Sactype blood pumps coated with segmented polyurethane and incorporating jellyfish valves, thin polymer membrane valves, were used in the experiment. The pump was exchanged for a new one on the 312th day on the left side and the 414th day on the right side. They were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an X-ray microanalyzer. The valve membrane after 312 days of pumping revealed plastic deformation expanding toward upstream between the spokes by creep fatigue with blood pressure difference when the valve closed. Calcification on the membrane was concentrated in the limited portions that received a strong stretching force: the upstream side of the membrane between the spokes and downstream side of the membrane on the spokes. Slight or no calcification was observed on the opposite side of the membrane that received a compression force, and no calcification was found on nonmoving parts such as the center of the membrane and spokes. A new hypothesis on the mechanism of calcification at the portion that received repeated stretching force was raised. The repeated stretching force would extend the polymer membrane, causing some loosening between polymer molecules and generating microgaps. The blood protein and phospholipid would invade into these microgaps, which would then attract Ca ions followed by phosphate ions to make their complexation. The hypothesis could well explain the calcification phenomena on a blood-contacting polymer surface, and gave a good clue on how to protect from calcification.     

Soft tissue calcification treated with local and oral magnesium therapy

Eighty patients with soft tissue calcification were treated: 24 suffered from myositis ossificans traumatica, 23 from calcific bursitis (Duplay's disease), six from osteoarthropathy of elbow joint after severe craniocerebral trauma, nine from calcification around the elbow joint after local trauma, 13 from calcification around the hip joint, and five from calcification in ligaments and tendons. Using a new method of treatment about 75% of patients were cured. Calcifications disappeared or diminished substantially. Very good functional improvement followed in affected joints. The treatment involved local application of MgSO4 under local anaesthesia into calcified areas for 2-20 weeks, together with peroral administration of Mg lactate for 4-6 months. There were no complications or side effects of this treatment.     

Glomerulocystic kidney in a domestic dog

Glomerulocystic kidney was diagnosed in a 5-year-old female Shiba dog, which died from chronic renal failure with convulsions, vomiting and diarrhoea. Haematological examination revealed non-regenerating anaemia, azotaemia and high serum creatinine. Grossly, both kidneys were mildly atrophic with multiple small cysts in the cortex. Histopathological examination revealed marked dilatation of Bowman's space, often with glomerular atrophy or loss, and mild interstitial fibrosis. Bowman's basement membranes (BMs) were tortuous and thickened, with patchy calcification. Glomerulo-tubular junctions in the urinary pole side of the kidneys had a stenotic appearance associated with thickening of Bowman's BMs and calcification. Focal interstitial fibrosis around the glomerulo-tubular junction was also found. Continuity with the proximal tubule was evident in cystic glomeruli. Ultrastructurally, marked thickening of Bowman's BMs with many granular deposits in the urinary pole side was observed. The findings indicate that glomerular cystic changes may have developed as a consequence of glomerulo-tubular junctional stenosis due to thickened Bowman's BMs and focal periglomerular fibrosis in the urinary pole side of the kidneys.     

The relationship of cartilage canals to the initial osteogenesis of secondary centers of ossification

Initial osteogenesis of secondary centers of ossification in the humeral head of the dog was studied with serial sections, histochemistry, radiography and vascular injections. At birth this chondroepiphysis was found to be well vascularized by a network of cartilage canals. On the second day after birth the first morphological evidence of the secondary center of ossification was seen. This was in the form of multiple foci of calcification. Each focus of calcification occurred immediately adjacent to the glomerular end of a cartilage canal and not in an avascular matrix. The capillaries of the glomerulus were modified in the process and persisted as the blood supply to the secondary center of ossification. By four days of age the individual foci had coalesced into a single larger focus of calcification. This process of ossification was found to possess morphological similarities to that occurring at the metaphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate.     

Pathological and clinical study of calcification of the mitral valve ring

The pathology and clinical features of 258 cases of mitral ring calcification were reviewed. The overall incidence in patients over 50 years of age was 8.5%; it was more than twice as high in women (11.5%) as in men (4.5%) and rose sharply with age.Cardiac failure and systolic murmurs were each noted in over half the patients. Hypertension was slightly commoner than in age- and sex-matched groups without ring calcification, although the difference was not statistically significant.Small nodules of calcification were more frequent in men and heavy deposits in women. Distortion and atrial displacement of the posterior mitral cusp was present in 26% of the hearts with early ring calcification, in 56% of the hearts with moderate, and in almost all hearts with marked changes. Systolic murmurs had been heard in 73% of these cases. ;Caseation' of the calcified ring was seen in seven hearts and haemorrhagic valvulitis in three. Calcium had ulcerated through the cusp in 12 cases, with thrombotic and/or bacterial endocarditis in five. Aortic valve calcification was present in 36% of men and was quantitatively related to the severity of mitral ring calcification. In women the incidence was 30% and there was no corresponding quantitative relationship.Microscopy showed nonspecific chronic inflammatory changes adjacent to calcium in about half the cases in both sexes, with foreign body type giant cells in 6%. Similar inflammatory changes in the valve cusp were almost twice as common in women as in men.There was no evidence that previous endocarditis was responsible for mitral ring calcification, neither did parity influence its incidence. Severe coronary atherosclerosis was unrelated but severe aortic atherosclerosis was commoner in patients with calcified mitral rings. The difference, in women, was statistically significant.The higher incidence of severe degrees of ring calcification, complications, and valvular inflammation in women suggests a sex-determined difference in tissue response in the mitral area. Possible provoking factors apply to both sexes and both left side valves, and such a difference would account for the relative frequency and sex incidence of mitral ring calcification.     

Zur Pathogenese und klinischen Bedeutung der Mönckebergschen Mediaverkalkung

Summary Medial calcinosis of Mönckeberg is frequently observed in peripheral arteries of diabetics with neuropathy. The cause of this vessel alteration is unknown and the clinical significance has been questioned. Six to eight years after uni- or bilateral lumbar sympathectomy 60 patients were investigated radiologically for medial calcinosis of foot arteries. Of 60 patients, 55 had Mönckeberg's sclerosis. In 93% of the patients who had undergone bilateral operation medial calcification was seen in both feet. After unilateral sympathectomy the incidence of medial calcinosis on the operated side was significantly higher than on the non-operated side (88% versus 18%,p<0.01). There was no significant difference between diabetics and non-diabetics. These findings suggest that medial calcification is related to autonomic neuropathy of peripheral vessels.Fifty-two of 160 patients (32.5%) with severe arterial occlusive disease of the lower limbs showed medial calcification of foot arteries. Mönckeberg's sclerosis was significantly associated with the peripheral type of vascular disease (p<0.025). Two groups of patients with the same stage of occlusive vascular disease but without (group A) and with (group B) medial calcification were examined by Doppler ultrasound. In group A the mean ankle pressure (pD) was 51 mm Hg lower than the Riva-Rocci pressure (pRR). In spite of the severe ischemia mean pD in group B exceeded pRR by 14 mm Hg. Of the patients of group B 63% had a pD-pRR value 0 mm Hg. In group A no positive difference pD-pRR could be shown. Thus medial calcification can cause pseudohypertensive Doppler pressures and mask vessel disease. It might play a role in the development of the peripheral type of arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs.

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Abkürzungen pD Dopplerdruck - pRR Blutdruck nach Riva-Rocci     

Mechanism of mineral formation in bone

The mechanism of mineral formation in bone is seen best where active new bone formation is occurring, e.g., in newly forming subperiosteal bone of the embryo, in the growing bone of young animals, and in healing rickets where the calcification process in osteoid is reactivated. A large body of ultrastructural evidence, using conventional and anhydrous methods for tissue preparation, has shown convincingly that extracellular matrix vesicles are present at or near the mineralization front in all of the above, and that these vesicles are the initial site of apatite mineral deposition. Thus bone resembles growth plate cartilage, predentin, and turkey tendon in having calcification initiated by matrix vesicles. Once the calcification cascade is begun, matrix vesicles are no longer needed to support mineralization and are consumed by the advancing mineralization front in which performed crystals serve as nuclei for the formation of new crystals. The rate of crystal proliferation is promoted by the availability of Ca2+, PO4(3-), and the presence of collagen, and retarded by naturally occurring inhibitors of mineralization such as proteoglycans and several noncollagenous calcium-binding proteins of bone including bone-Gla protein (osteocalcin), phosphoproteins, osteonectin, and alpha-2HS-glycoproteins. New electron microscopic immunocytochemical findings in our laboratory suggest that the origin of alkaline phosphatase-positive bone matrix vesicles is polarized to the mineral-facing side of osteoblasts and may be concentrated near the intercellular junctions of human embryonic osteoblasts.     

碱性磷酸酶与钙化

在生物学钙化中，碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）的作用存在争议，即ＡＫＰ对于钙化的启动是否起关键性作用。ＡＫＰ如何发生作用，ＡＫＰ在什么条件下促使钙化发生。在钙化过程中，ＡＫＰ发生什么变化。本文对这系列问题进行了讨论，并对生物瓣的缓钙化问题进行了探讨。     

As You Like It,Part 3: A Critique and Historical Review of Calcification as Seen with the Electron Microscope

As You Like It, Part 3, is a continuation of the lectures given by the author (Ultra Path VIII and Ultra Path IX). It is a critical historical review of topics of interest to electron microscopists, attempting to show what went wrong and perhaps also why. The topics chosen this time demonstrate the prominent role electron microscopy has played in elucidating the diverse ways in which calcification can occur. The classic concept of dystropic and metastatic calcification is now inadequate to explain all observed phenomena. The electron microscope shows that calcification occurs in many different intracellular and extracellular sites and that each has its own morphology and etiology. Thus, a new classification based on ultrastructural morphology is born, but few seemto be awareof it. The author examines the ubiquitous but not too well-known phenomenon of cell remodeling, which often, but not always,leads to calcification. Topics are presented under the following headings: (1) matrical lipidic debris, (2) spherical microparticles, (3) matrix vesicles, (4) intramitochondrial calcification, (5) intralysosomal calcification, (6) calcification of collagen, (7) calcification of elastic fibers, and (8) calcification of secretory products.     

99TcmO-4甲状腺静态显像及SPECT/CT同机融合显像对甲状腺"冷结节"良恶性鉴别的诊断价值

目的 探讨99TcmO-4甲状腺静态显像及SPECT/CT同机断层融合显像对甲状腺"冷结节"良恶性鉴别的诊断价值.方法 选取2014年1月至2016年12月99TcmO-4甲状腺静态显像显示为冷结节的患者60例,行SPECT/CT同机断层融合显像,所有患者均行甲状腺手术或穿刺取活检确诊.结果 甲状腺断层融合显像提示冷结节病灶呈低密度35例,等或稍低密度25例,病灶边缘清晰33例,边缘模糊27例,有明显粗大钙化15例,未见明显钙化45例,结节直径大于等于2cm 13例,结节直径小于2cm 47例.等或稍低密度、边缘模糊、无明显粗大钙化灶结节为恶性结节的可能性偏高,低密度结节、边缘清晰、可见粗大钙化灶冷结节为良性结节的可能性偏低,差异均具有统计学意义.结论 99TcmO-4甲状腺静态显像显示冷结节患者,行SPECT/CT同机断层融合显像对鉴别结节良恶性的诊断准确性有很大提高.