探讨不同手术入路切除颞叶内侧胶质瘤的手术效果

目的:对切除颞叶内侧胶质瘤时所采取不同的入路手术效果进行观察并讨论。方法:选取100例颞叶内侧胶质瘤患者,对其所采取的不同入路手术效果进行分析。手术入路有三种选择:经外侧裂入路、经颞叶入路以及颞下入路。并将其设定为A组40例病患、B组33例病患、C组27例病患。结果:A组中有22例肿瘤全切除,10例近全切除,8例属于大部分切除,并有1例属于术后原视觉发生障碍加重。B组中有21例为肿瘤全切除,8例肿瘤近全切除,6例属于大部分切除,其中术后原视觉障碍加重有7例,并有新发视觉障碍5例。C组中则有19例为肿瘤全切除,8例近全切除,术后无视觉障碍加重病例产生。结论:经观察结果可知,侧方经颞上回、中回入路可能对脑组织及视放射产生损伤,而外侧裂和颞下入路对脑组织及视放射的损伤则相对较小。     

经胼胝体侧脑室脉络膜裂入路切除丘脑胶质瘤的临床效果观察

目的:探讨经胼胝体侧脑室脉络膜裂入路切除内侧型及外侧型丘脑胶质瘤的手术效果。方法:采用经胼胝体侧脑室脉络膜裂入路切除11例丘脑胶质瘤。在肿瘤一侧额叶开颅,经纵裂切开胼胝体体部,进入侧脑室,4例在脉络膜裂内侧纵形进入第三脑室,切除突出于第三脑室的丘脑肿瘤;7例在脉络膜裂的外侧切除丘脑肿瘤。结果:7例(63.6%)肿瘤次全切除,4例(36.4%)大部分切除。围手术期瘤腔出血1例。随访结果,1例术后4个月原位复发死亡,1例1年后复发再次手术,其他9例随访6~12个月逐渐恢复正常生活。结论:经胼胝体侧脑室脉络膜裂入路利用脑自然间隙到达并切除内外侧型丘脑胶质瘤,手术暴露好,丘脑毗邻结构损伤少,取得较为理想的手术效果。     

颞叶内侧低级别胶质瘤的个体化治疗

目的探讨颞叶内侧低级别胶质瘤的综合治疗方法,评价其疗效。方法回顾性分析25例经手术证实的颞叶内侧低级别胶质瘤综合治疗的资料。结果25例颞叶内侧胶质瘤患者中,镜下近全切并术后影像学检查证实23例,大部切除2例。术后无偏瘫失语。随访3-48个月,3例复发,余未见复发及明显神经功能障碍。结论手术切除肿瘤仍然是颞叶内侧低级别胶质瘤首选治疗方法。恰当的手术入路,术前应用FMRI检查、术中电生理监测等对功能区及周围重要结构的精确辨认和保护以及术后放、化疗的合理应用是提高疗效的关键。     

经颞下回-侧脑室入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫

目的：探讨经颞下回-侧脑室入路选择性杏仁核海马切除术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫的手术方法、疗效及并发症。方法：确诊为药物难治性内侧颞叶癫痫的62例患者,经颞部锁孔开颅,切除中前段颞下回,进入颞角前外侧区,选择性切除杏仁核海马及海马旁回等内侧颞叶结构。结果：62例患者术后随访至少2年时间（24—80个月）。无严重手术并发症,45例（72．6％）发作完全消失（EngelⅠ级）。结论：经颞下回侧脑室入路选择性杏仁核海马切除术是治疗内侧颞叶癫痫的有效方法,手术创伤小,可妥善保护语言区和视放射。安全性高。     

天幕脑膜瘤的分型和手术入路选择

目的：探讨天幕脑膜瘤的分型和手术入路的选择。方法：对1996年1月2005年4月间收治的天幕脑膜瘤进行回顾性分析，并按分型选择不同的手术入路。本组26例，其中内侧型10例；外侧型12例；镰幕型4例。对主要向幕上发展者，根据肿瘤的部位，采用扩大翼点入路、颞下入路、颞枕部入路和枕部入路；肿瘤全部或主体在颅后窝者，采用枕下或枕部-枕下联合开颅术；跨幕者采用颞下-乙状窦前入路；镰幕型均采用枕部入路。结果：本组肿瘤全切除23例，次全切除3例，全组元死亡，术后出现新增神经功能障碍2例，复发5例。结论：天幕脑膜瘤手术入路的选择必须根据患者的解剖分型进行个体化设计；熟悉局部显微解剖并熟练运用显微外科技术是取得手术成功的关键。     

经胼胝体-穹窿间入路切除第三脑室内肿瘤

目的介绍和探讨经胼胝体-穹窿间入路切除第三脑室内肿瘤的手术入路方法。方法回顾分析经胼胝体-穹窿间入路的资料,其中切除三室内颅咽管瘤11例,丘脑胶质瘤2例,生殖细胞瘤1例。结果显微镜下全切除8例,近全切除4例,大部切除2例,死亡2例。结论该手术入路可以切除三脑室前、中、后部的肿瘤,手术直视下操作,暴露良好,对脑组织及瘤周结构损伤小,术后并发症少。     

经颅眶颧弓入路显微外科治疗颅中窝内侧型肿瘤

目的　探讨经颅眶颧弓入路显微外科切除颅中窝内侧肿瘤的优越性及手术技巧。方法　经颅眶颧弓入路显微外科切除巨大颅中窝内侧型肿瘤 16例。观察术中显露情况及手术效果 ,并就该入路的优越性和手术技巧进行分析。结果　 16例病人中全切除 10例 ,大部切除 6例。术后恢复良好 ,无重要并发症。结论　采用经颅眶颧弓入路切除颅中窝内侧型巨大肿瘤具有显露良好、脑组织牵拉轻、操作方便等优点。     

天幕脑膜瘤的分型和手术入路选择

目的：探讨天幕脑膜瘤的分型和手术入路的选择。方法：对1992年1月至2002年12月间收治的天幕脑膜瘤进行回顾性分析，并按分型选择不同的手术入路。本组56例，其中内侧型28例；外侧型17例；镰幕型11例。对主要向幕上发展者，根据肿瘤的部位，采用扩大翼点入路、颞下入路、颞枕部入路和枕部入路；肿瘤全部或主体在颅后窝者，采用枕下或枕部-枕下联合开颅术；跨幕者采用颞下-乙状窦前入路；镰幕型均采用枕部入路。结果：本组肿瘤全切除53例，部分切除3例，全组共死亡2例(3．6％)，术后出现新增神经功能障碍5例，复发6例。结论：天幕脑膜瘤手术入路的选择必须根据患者的具体情况进行个体化设计；熟悉局部显微解剖并熟练运用显微外科技术是取得手术成功的关键。     

Hori法选择性海马杏仁核切除治疗内侧型颞叶癫痫

颞叶内侧结构(杏仁核海马等)与颞叶癫痫的发生和传播密切相关。Wieser甚至认为该区域为癫痫的起搏器结构。他与Yasargil合作提出了经外侧裂选择性海马杏仁核切除术代替传统的颞叶切除方法，Hori则倡用经颞底选择性杏仁核海马切除术，治疗内侧型颞叶癫痫，在控制癫痫基础上保留颞叶新皮质。作者采用Hori法治疗非肿瘤性顽固性内侧颞叶癫痫26例，临床疗效满意。现报告如下。     

小脑幕脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的：总结小脑幕脑膜瘤显微手术的经验和教训，以利提高手术的疗效。方法：采用经颞枕硬膜内入路，枕部经小脑幕与枕下联合入路，枕下内侧入路、旁正中入路，均采用显微神经外科技术切除肿瘤。结果：肿瘤全切除6例，次全切除2例，术后死亡1例，共济失调1例，构音障碍和饮水咳呛1例，5例痊愈。结论：小脑幕脑膜瘤切除应选择合适的手术入路。手术时必须切除窦内肿瘤，在切除肿瘤侵入的横窦前、必须有血管造影完全闭塞的证据。脑干随近的肿瘤先行包膜内切除，后切除肿瘤包膜。     

经胼胝体-穹窿间入路切除内侧型丘脑胶质瘤

目的 探讨一种切除内侧型丘脑胶质瘤的手术入路。方法 对8例内侧型丘脑胶质瘤患者进行了肿瘤切除手术,肿瘤切除的方法采用的是经胼胝体-穹窿间入路。对患者进行3—12个月随访。结果 显微镜下近全切除5例,大部切除3例,术后效果满意。随访结果,1例患者术后3个月因肿瘤复发而死亡。其他7例患者随访6～12个月,均恢复正常生活。结论 该手术入路利用大脑自然裂隙到达并切除内侧型丘脑胶质瘤,暴露好,不易造成穹窿、丘脑、中脑、大脑内静脉、丘纹静脉等重要结构的损伤,术后并发症少。     

桥小脑角胆脂瘤的显微外科治疗

目的：总结桥小脑角(CPA)胆脂瘤的显微外科手术入路和神经内镜辅助手术。方法：28例桥小脑角胆脂瘤，采用枕下开颅乙状窦后入路16例、颞枕开颅颠下小脑幕入路10例、颞枕开颅幕上下联合入路2例。其中5例手术应用神经内镜辅助。结果：肿瘤全切除21例，近全切除7例，无手术死亡。结论：枕下开颅乙状窦后入路适用于胆脂瘤位于CPA以及由CPA向斜坡生长者；颞枕开颅颞下小脑慕入路适用于CPA胆脂瘤向岩骨尖斜坡及幕上鞍区发展者；巨大胆脂瘤同时累及CPA、鞍区和下斜坡时采用颞枕开颅幕上下联合入路。神经内镜辅助有助于减小手术创伤，提高肿瘤全切率。     

PARAPETROSAL PRESIGMOID APPROACH FOR PETROCLIVAL TUMORS

Petroclivaltumorsrepresentmoredifficultto radicalresection.Thesetumorsarelocateddeepat skullbase,usuallywithabundantbloodsupplyand broadattachmenttothepetrous,clivus,andtentori um.Sometimesthetumorinvadesintothecavernous sinusandthevitalperforatingarteries,cranial nerves,andthebrainstemareinvolved[1].Inthepastdecade,withtheadventofskullbase surgeryconcept,moreandmoresurgeonsreported successfulcasesofpetroclivaltumorremoved.Over all,therehasbeenadecreaseinpostoperativemor talityandmorbidity.Se…     

原发扣带回胶质瘤的显微外科治疗

目的：总结原发扣带回胶质瘤的临床特点、显微外科手术方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年1月-2013年4月经手术治疗及病理证实的56例原发扣带回胶质瘤患者的临床资料。结果患者首发症状以癫痫为主。在电生理和B超辅助下,手术全切40例,近全切除11例;部分切除5例。病理结果星形细胞瘤34例,少枝胶质细胞瘤10例,间变星形细胞瘤5例,胶质母细胞瘤7例。82%肿瘤位于扣带回前部,18%肿瘤位于扣带回后部。结论扣带回胶质瘤是少见肿瘤,癫痫发作是其主要首发症状,显微外科手术切除是有效方法。术中电生理监测和术中B超是重要的辅助手段。     

松果体区肿瘤的全切除

目的：探索松果体区肿瘤全切除的可行性及技术要点。方法：回顾性分析该院１９８６年３月至２０００年５月收治并手术的７０例松果体区肿瘤患者的诊治及预后情况。结果：手术采用侧脑室入路１８例,Ｐｏｐｐｅｎ入路３５例,Ｋｒａｕｓｅ入路１７例;病理诊断胶质瘤２１例,生殖细胞瘤１４例,脑膜瘤７例,畸胎瘤７例,胆脂瘤６例,胶质增生４例,皮样囊肿３例,脑膜囊肿２例,蛛网膜囊肿２例,脊索瘤、血管畸形、垂体腺瘤、Ｇａｌｅ     

3D超声导航系统在神经外科手术中的应用

目的:评价术中3D超声神经导航系统的临床应用价值.方法:2004年7～9月,应用SonoWand(MISON)超声神经导航系统进行术中导航20例,其中男性13例,女性7例,年龄3～59岁.病变部位:额叶4例,颞叶4例,额颞叶3例,额顶叶2例,小脑1例,多发病灶1例,脊髓病变2例,其他3例.病变性质:胶质瘤9例, 转移瘤2例,脑膜瘤2例,蛛网膜囊肿3例,透明隔囊肿1例,脑积水1例,脊髓软化灶1例,脊髓空洞症1例.结果:本组脑肿瘤13例,共14个病灶;全切除13个(92.9%)、次全切除1个(7.1%). 手术切口长度和骨瓣较常规开颅手术小.病灶邻近运动区的7例患者,5例术后肌力未受影响,2例出现一过性肌力下降,2周后恢复至术前水平.囊肿4例,引导神经内镜进行手术获得成功.脊髓病变2例,超声导航定位成功.1例脑积水患者,行脑室腹腔分流术,经注册分流管,放置在理想位置.本组未发现应用超声神经导航系统导致手术并发症.结论:术中3D超声神经导航系统具有定位准确、动态示踪、微侵袭、安全可靠等特点,具有术中实时超声扫描功能,解决了脑组织移位问题,有助于提高脑肿瘤的全切除率,降低手术并发症.     

Subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach: study on its use in large and giant petroclival meningiomas

Background  The subtemporal transtentoral approach has been reported for nearly two decades; however it was not well used due to some limitations in dealing with large and giant petroclival meningiomas. The clinical outcome and merit of the modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach in large and giant petroclival meningiomas, as well as the choices, the improvements and the therapy strategies of the microsurgical approach in such patients were evaluated in this study.

Methods  Totally 25 cases of large and giant petroclival meningiomas undergone the modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach between April 2004 and January 2010 were enrolled in this study. The choice and improvement of the approach, the basis of anatomy and related research, the effect of accessory equipment, the exposure of tumor and the changes of neurofunction pre- and post-operation were all reviewed retrospectively. The operation outcomes and complications in this approach were also compared with those in the transpetrous presigmoid approach done in 14 cases in the same period.

Results  All 25 cases underwent the modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach under electrophysiologic monitoring of cranial nerves and brain stem function. Trochlear nerve was partly wrapped in 14 cases, totally wrapped but can be explored in the initial segment of the cerebellum tentorium in 8 cases, totally wrapped and could not be seen until tumor was partly removed in 3 cases. The cerebellum tentorium was cut along the temporal bone from the anterior part of the apex to the mastoid part of superior petrous sinus in 6 cases, from the posterior part of the apex to the mastoid part of superior petrous sinus in 19 cases. Gross tumor resection was accomplished in 17 (68%) patients, subtotal resection in 7 (28%) patients, and partial resection in 1 (4%) patient. The most common postoperative complication was new neurological deficits or aggravations of preexisting deficit (64%). Follow-up ranged from 3 to 69 months. Compared with the transpetrous presigmoid approach done in 14 cases in the same period, the modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach showed obvious advantages such as simplicity in manipulating, microinvasiveness, less time-consuming, less complication, higher rate of tumor resection though the rates of gross tumor resection might be of no significant difference.

Conclusions  Modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach has obvious advantages compared with the transpetrous presigmoid approach. Some complications need to be solved by practice and modification of the approach as well as the accumulation of the experiences.

     

Surgical strategies for glioma involving language areas

Background Successful treatment of gliomas in or adjacent to language areas constitutes a major challenge to neurosurgery. The present study was performed to evaluate the procedure of language mapping via intraoperative direct cortical electrical stimulation under awake anaesthesia when performed prior to resective glioma surgery. Methods Thirty patients with gliomas and left-hemisphere dominance and, who underwent language mapping via intraoperative direct cortical electrical stimulation under awake anaesthesia before resective glioma surgery, were analyzed retrospectively. All patients had tumors in or adjacent to cortical language areas. The brain lesions were removed according to anatomic-functional boundaries with preservation of areas of language function. Both preoperative and postoperative functional findings were evaluated. Results Intraoperative language areas were detected in 20 patients but not in four patients. Language mapping failure for reasons attributable to the anaesthesia or to an intraoperative increase in intracranial pressure occurred in six cases. Seven patients presented with moderate or severe language deficits after six months of follow-up. Total resection was achieved in 14 cases, near-total resection in 12 cases and subtotal resection in four cases. Conclusions Intraoperative cortical electrical stimulation is an accurate and safe approach to identification of the language cortex. Awake craniotomy intraoperative cortical electrical stimulation, in combination with presurgical neurological functional imaging to identify the anatomic-functional boundaries of tumor resection, permits extensive tumor excision while preserving normal language function and minimizing the risk of postoperative language deficits.     

岩斜区肿瘤手术入路的选择

目的总结岩斜区肿瘤3种不同入路优缺点,探讨选择手术入路应考虑的因素,以及如何选择入路,并对临床效果进行分析。方法回顾性分析2004—2014年手术切除岩斜区肿瘤21例临床资料,手术入路包括：枕下乙状窦后入路、乙状窦前入路和颞下经小脑幕入路3种,从肿瘤性质、生长方式、术后并发症和操作难度等因素进行分析,总结选择手术入路时如何依据这些因素对3种入路进行选择,观察依据这些因素指导手术入路选择的临床效果,分析正确选择手术入路对保护神经功能、提高患者生存质量,提高手术效果的作用。结果本组21例,全切16例,次全切4例,部分切除1例。神经鞘瘤6例,表皮样囊肿3例,脑膜瘤12例。术后1例为乙状窦前入路,术后出现脑脊液耳漏,颅内发生化脓性感染,治疗无效死亡;5例出现患侧滑车神经损伤,有复视;6例周围面神经瘫痪;1例出现颞叶脑内血肿,经过保守治疗后,血肿吸收,正常出院;3例出现运动性失语,经治疗后,渐好转;3例出现手术区皮下积液并有反复低热,给予留置腰大池治疗,无临床症状出院,1~2月随访,体温正常,积液消失。5例肿瘤残留术后进行放射治疗,未有复发。结论手术入路所经过的解剖结构不同,暴露范围分别有侧重点,术前应当综合考虑各种因素,选择最适合患者入路,这样可以最大限度保护周围组织,提高手术成功率。     

颞叶内侧低级别胶质瘤手术治疗效果分析

分析颞叶内侧低级别胶质瘤的临床特点及手术治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析采用显微手术治疗的颞叶内侧低级别胶质瘤39例，按WHO分类为II级。星形细胞瘤27例，少突胶质细胞瘤6例，混合性少突星形细胞瘤4例，神经节细胞胶质瘤2例。患者年龄7～61岁，平均41.5岁。临床表现颞叶癫痫发作26例。术后30例接受放射治疗。结果:肿瘤均行广泛性切除，无手术死亡。术后随访31例，随访期3月至4年，癫痫发作消失13例，癫痫症状明显缓解8例，证实肿瘤复发2例。结论:颞叶内侧低级别胶质瘤广泛切除是有效的治疗方法。