江门地区4756例孕妇贫血分析

目的了解孕妇贫血的状况及探讨贫血原因,为孕产期做好保健工作提供依据。方法对2006年来我院初次产检4756例孕妇进行血红蛋白值、红细胞平均体积（MCV）、血清铁、红细胞脆性试验、血红蛋白电泳检测及分析。结果4756例孕妇中,贫血孕妇1382例发病率为29.06%,其中缺铁血性贫血占20.56%,地中海贫血占8.5%。结论缺铁血性贫血占贫血孕妇的70.77%与孕周关系密切,同时不同职业、不同文化程度有较大差异.本地区属地中海贫血高发区。     

Spectrum of anemia in pregnant Indian women and importance of antenatal screening

Anemia is a common health problem but control of anemia in pregnant women is less well studied. The purpose was to study prevalence of anemia in young pregnant women, correlate with indices and study significance of identification of hemoglobinopathies. Of the 120 pregnant women, Hb was less than 8 g% in 58 (44.2%). Seventy-eight (65%) had iron deficiency, 22 (18.3%) had dimorphic anemia, and 14 (11.6%) had hemolytic anemia. Megaloblastic anemia was present in 6 (5%). Of hemolytic anemia, 50% were thalassemia trait. MCV< 76 fl was observed in 88 (73.3 %) cases. MCV<76 fl and MCH < 27 pg had 100 % sensitivity and 28.7 % specificity for screening of beta-thalassemia trait. NESTROFT had comparable sensitivity but lower specificity (14.9%). Sixty-three percent (60/78) of IDA had increased RDW whereas 78 % (11/14) of hemolytic anemia had RDW value in normal range (p value< 0.05). MCV/RBC of <14 was more specific parameter (96.8%) for beta-thalassemia trait. Four high-risk couples were identified. Thus, moderate to severe anemia was observed in most pregnant women. Hemoglobinopathies should be screened in antenatal clinics to identify the couples that would need a prenatal test. A lower MCV/RBC with RDWin the normal range may be useful in screening for thalassemia trait in pregnant women.     

早中期孕妇贫血及铁储存状况的分析

目的探讨早中期孕妇贫血发生情况与铁储存情况的关系,为临床提供妊娠贫血的实验室资料。方法测定孕早期和孕中期432名孕妇的贫血相关指标RBC、Hb、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC,同时检测血清铁蛋白（SF）,血清可溶性转铁蛋白受体（STfR）。结果 163名早期孕妇患者贫血患病率为19.52%,269名中期孕妇贫血患病率为38.31%。孕早期组和孕中期组铁减少患病率分别为14.02%和32.18%。孕中期与孕早期组相比SF显著降低,STfR显著增高。结论孕中期妊娠贫血发生率及铁减少患病率显著高于孕早期组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与孕早期组相比,孕中期Hb、SF显著降低,STfR显著增高（P〈0.05）。     

多糖铁胶囊治疗妊娠合并缺铁性贫血的临床疗效

目的探讨多糖铁胶囊（商品名：红源达）治疗妊娠合并缺铁性贫血（IDA）的疗效及其安全性。方法采用多中心、临床试验,在广州市内4家医院按入选标准选择480例妊娠合并缺铁性贫血的患者,给予多糖铁胶囊治疗（口服,150mg/次,2次/d）,同时服维生素C片0.3g。治疗第2、4和8周后复查血常规和铁代谢,比较治疗前后红细胞（RBC）计数、血红蛋白（Hb）、血清铁蛋白（SF）、血清铁（SI）及可溶性血清铁蛋白受体（sTfR）变化及安全性。结果多糖铁胶囊治疗2周后SF、sTfR较治疗前改善（P〈0.05）;治疗4周后RBC计数、Hb、SF、sTfR较治疗前显著升高（P〈0.05）;治疗8周后RBC计数、Hb、SF及sTfR较治疗前升高非常明显（P〈0.01）,但SI在各检测时间的复查结果差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。治疗过程中患者均未发生明显的不良发应。结论多糖铁胶囊治疗妊娠合并IDA效果好,无明显不良反应。     

临产孕妇几项血清指标的变化及临床意义

目的通过检测碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、α-L-岩藻糖苷酶（AFU）、胆碱脂酶（ChE）、尿酸（UA）在临产妇女血清中含量，以探讨其临床意义。方法采集336例临产孕妇和290例健康体检女性血清标本在日本olympus公司生产的AU640全自动生化分析仪上进行检测。结果观察组与对照组各项指标比较均存在显著性差异（P〈0.001〉。结论正常晚期妊娠妇女血清中上述各酶及尿酸的变化属正常生理现象，非肝肾疾患所致，并可进一步了解胎儿的生长发育，胎盘成熟情况。     

Blastocystis hominis as a contributing risk factor for development of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women

Intestinal parasitic infection increases the risk of developing iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to assess Blastocystis hominis as a contributing risk factor for development of IDA in pregnant women. A total of 200 fecal specimens from 120 pregnant women with IDA (mean Hb?=?9.6 g/dl), and 80 non-anemic controls were examined for Blastocystis. Fecal specimens were examined by the formalin/ethyl-acetate concentration technique, iron hematoxylin staining, modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining, and by the in vitro cultivation technique for Blastocystis. Frequency of Blastocystis infection, detected microscopically and by the in vitro culture technique, was significantly higher in IDA study group (n?=?48; 40%) compared to non-anemic controls (n?=?5; 6.3%; P?相似文献   

Status of zinc and copper in pregnant women and their changes during preeclampsia

In order to evaluate the status of zinc and copper in pregnant women and in preeclampsia, we conducted a prospective case-control study. It involved 56 pregnant women compared with 30 non-pregnant women selected as controls. For pregnant women, serum levels of zinc, copper and ceruloplasmin were determined quarterly. These same measurements were performed once in controls. The comparison of various parameters in normal pregnancy and in control women revealed a statistically significant decrease in serum levels of zinc from 1st to 3rd quarter. The serum levels of copper were normal both in controls and in parturients. However, a significant increase of copper levels from 1st to 3rd quarter of pregnancy was found. The serum levels of ceruloplasmin appear to be invariable during pregnancy. Moreover, we noted a disturbance of these parameters in preeclampsia (hypozincemia, hypocupremia and a significant increase of ceruloplasmin). Zinc and copper are essential for the development and fetal growth. Their involvement in several maternal-fetal complications is not currently in any doubt.     

Morphological and ultrastructural changes in the placenta of the diabetic pregnant Egyptian women

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease in which the body fails to produce enough insulin or increased tissue resistance to insulin. The diabetes may have profound effects on placental development and function. This study was designed to detect the placental changes in pregnancy associated with DM comparing these changes with normal placenta. The study was carried out on sixty full-term placentae; divided into three equal groups; control group (group I): placentae of normal pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes (group II): placentae from pregnant women whose blood glucose is poorly controlled during pregnancy. Controlled diabetes (group III): includes placentae from diabetic women whose blood glucose is controlled during pregnancy. The placentae from group II tend to be heavier and exhibited immaturity of villi, villous edema, fibrosis, excessive syncytial knots formation and infarctions. In addition to, fibrinoid necrosis, increased thickness of vasculosyncytial membrane, syncytial basement membrane, microvillous abnormalities and vascular endothelial changes were demonstrated. The syncytial multivesicular knots were present in placentae of group II. The nuclei within these syncytial knots display condensed chromatin, either dispersed throughout the nucleus or in the form of dense peripheral clumps with and numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles. The syncytial basement membrane showed focal areas of increase in its thickness and irregularity. Villous cytotrophoblasts showed increased number and activity in the form of numerous secretory granules, abundant dilated RER, larger distorted mitochondria. Villous vessels showed various degrees of abnormalities in the form of endothelial cell enlargement, folding, thickening and protrusion of their luminal surfaces into vascular lumen making it narrower in caliber. In placentae of group III, most of these abnormalities decreased. In most of placentae of group III, the VSM appeared nearly normal in thickness and showed nearly normal composition of one layer of syncytiotrophoblastic cells, one layer of smooth, regular capillary endothelium and the space between them. Mild microvillous abnormalities were noted in few placentae as they appeared short and blunted with mild decrease in their number per micron. The electron picture of syncytial knots appeared nearly normal containing aggregations of small, condensed hyperchromatic nuclei, minimal vacuoles could be seen in the cytoplasm of syncytial knots. Syncytial basement membrane appeared regular and nearly normal in its thickness and composition coming in direct contact with fetal blood capillaries but mild abnormalities were noted in the basement membrane in few placentae as increased its thickness and deposition of fibers or fibrinoid. Regarding cytotrophoblasts in the terminal villi of placentae with controlled diabetes, these cells appeared nearly normal. They were scattered beneath the syncytium and were active containing mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes and a large nucleus with fine dispersed chromatin. The vascular ultrastructural pattern in terminal villi of placentae of this group showed no significant abnormalities and was normally distributed in the villous tree. The luminal surface of the vascular endothelium appeared regular smooth in the majority of placentae of this group. The endothelial cells appeared connected to each other with tight junctions. It could be concluded that whether if long-term diabetes is controlled or not, placentae of diabetic mother showed a variety of significant histological structural changes seen more frequently than in the placentae of pregnant women without diabetes.     

Ultrastructural changes in UV-irradiated erythrocytes

M. F. Vladimirskii Moscow Regional Clinical Research Institute. Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Ministry of Health of the RSFSR, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 109, No. 1, pp. 69–72, January, 1990.     

喀什维族妊娠妇女子宫肌瘤与非妊娠子宫肌瘤病理形态学变化

目的 研究喀什维族妊娠妇女子宫肌瘤病理形态学变化.方法 分析154例维族妊娠妇女子宫平滑肌瘤病理学特征,并与汉族妊娠妇女与维族非妊娠妇女子宫平滑肌瘤比较.结果 维族妊娠妇女子宫平滑肌瘤与汉族妊娠妇女无差别.大体上,维族妊娠妇女肿瘤出血和坏死高于非妊娠妇女,但多发性低于非妊娠妇女(P<0.05).组织学上,维族妊娠妇女子宫平滑肌瘤在炎细胞浸润、出血、细胞多形性和核分裂象等与维族非妊娠肌瘤差异均有显著性(P<0.05).平滑肌瘤类型上,维族妊娠妇女与非妊娠妇女差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论 种族因素对妊娠妇女子宫平滑肌瘤无影响.妊娠妇女子宫平滑肌瘤形态学可发生变化,应结合临床,避免误诊.     

Mechanisms of oxidant-induced changes in erythrocytes

There is an increasing body of experimental studies demonstrating the toxic effects of oxygen-derived free radicals. Evidence supports an important role for free radicals in ischemic injuries, inflammation, and chemical-induced tissue injury. Free radicals are involved in normal biochemical processes like oxidative reduction and cellular metabolism; however, they also mediate disease processes. The participation of oxygen free radicals in lysis of red cells is important in some situations of intravascular hemolysis. This article will review neutrophil-derived oxygen free radicals, emphasizing: (1) their effects on the erythrocyte and (2) how these effects may be attenuated.Supported in part by NIH Grants HL-31963, GM-28499, and GM-29507.     

Periodontitis-associated risk factors in pregnant women

OBJECTIVE:

The main objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with periodontitis in pregnant women.

METHODS:

This study was conducted in two stages. In Stage 1, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of periodontitis among 810 women treated at the maternity ward of a university hospital. In Stage 2, the factors associated with periodontitis were investigated in two groups of pregnant women: 90 with periodontitis and 720 without. A hierarchized approach to the evaluation of the risk factors was used in the analysis, and the independent variables related to periodontitis were grouped into two levels: 1) socio-demographic variables; 2a) variables related to nutritional status, smoking, and number of pregnancies; and 2b) variables related to oral hygiene. Periodontitis was defined as a probing depth ≥4 mm and an attachment loss ≥3 mm at the same site in four or more teeth. A logistic regression analysis was also performed.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of periodontitis in this sample was 11%. The variables that remained in the final multivariate model with the hierarchized approach were schooling, family income, smoking, body mass index, and bacterial plaque.

CONCLUSION:

The factors identified underscore the social nature of the disease, as periodontitis was associated with socioeconomic, demographic status, and poor oral hygiene.