冠状动脉支架置入术后发生急性肾损伤的危险因素分析

目的分析冠状动脉支架置入术（PCI）后急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury,AKI）的危险因素。方法纳入行PCI患者208例,其中AKI21例,无AKI（NAKI）187例。通过分析两组患者的心功能指标及手术参数,采用Logistic多元回归分析,探讨AKI的危险因素。结果与NAKI组相比,AKI组血压（BP）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）较低（P〈0.05）,手术时间及造影剂通过时间均显著延长（P〈0.05）。Logistic多元回归分析显示上述因素均为AKI的危险因素。结论血流缓慢和PCI及造影剂通过时间是AKI发生的危险因素。     

造影剂引起急性肾损伤及死亡危险因素分析

目的探讨冠状动脉造影(CAG)及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者造影剂引起急性肾损伤的危险因素及造影剂急性肾损伤及死亡的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2010年12月中国医科大学附属盛京医院253例支架植入患者的临床资料。分别比较造影剂引起的急性肾损伤和非急性肾损伤患者及造影剂引起的急性肾损伤生存与死亡患者的临床特点,分析造影剂引起急性肾损伤和造影剂急性肾损伤死亡的危险因素。结果 Logistic回归分析显示,造影剂引起急性肾损伤的危险因素为高龄(≥60岁)、女性、急性心肌梗死(AMI)、术前肾小球滤过率(eGFR)<60 mL/(min.1.73 m2)、造影剂剂量(≥180 mL)、心力衰竭。COX比例风险模型显示,造影剂急性肾损伤患者死亡的危险因素为高龄(≥60岁)、术前肾小球滤过率<60 mL/(min.1.73 m2)、AMI、心力衰竭、造影剂剂量(≥180 mL)、2型糖尿病、多支血管病变(>2)。结论高龄(≥60岁)、AMI、基础肾功能差、大剂量使用造影剂、心力衰竭既是急性肾损伤的危险因素,也是死亡的危险因素。此外,2型糖尿病、多支血管病变(>2)与急性肾损伤患者死亡密切相关。女性虽然是肾损伤的危险因素,但本身并不增加患者的死亡。     

冠状动脉介入治疗后造影剂肾病的危险因素研究

目的研究冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）患者经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗后发生造影剂肾病（contrast—induced nephropathy,CIN）的相关因素。方法选取广东省人民医院2008年11月至2009年12月患有冠心病并行PCI治疗的患者370例为研究对象。根据术后血清肌酐浓度变化情况分为两组,即造影剂肾病组（CIN组）58例,非造影剂肾病组（非CIN组）312例,回顾性调查分析两组患者的临床资料,分析发生造影剂肾病的相关因素。结果术后58例发生CIN,发生率为15．67％;相关分析发现年龄（r=0．193,P〈0．001）、Ⅱ型糖尿病（r=0．104,P=0．045）、肾功能不全（r=0．331,P〈0．001）、糖尿病肾病（r=0．150,P=0．004）、原发性高血压（高血压）（r=0．164,P=0．002）、贫血（r=0．127,P=0．015）、利尿药（r=0．300,尸〈0．001）的使用与CIN发生相关。Logistic回归分析发现,肾功能不全,高血压,手术前后使用利尿药为造影剂肾病的危险因素。结论肾功能不全,高血压和手术前后使用利尿药是PCI治疗后造影剂肾病的危险因素,在进行PCI治疗前应进做好预防措施。     

高血压患者冠状动脉介入术后诱发对比剂急性肾损伤的危险因素分析

目的 分析高血压患者冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后诱发对比剂急性肾损伤（CI-AKI）的危险因素.方法 选取行PCI的高血压患者925例,157例发生CI-AKI（CI-AKI组）,768例未发生CI-AKI（非CI-AKI组）.收集两组患者的年龄、性别、高血压病、糖尿病、吸烟、心肌梗死、LVEF、PCI类型（急诊或择期）、对比剂应用剂量及一般药物应用情况等临床资料,以及术前及术后24～ 72 h血清肌酐、术前肾小球滤过率（eGFR）、血常规、血浆白蛋白含量、血浆球蛋白含量、血脂及血尿酸等生化指标.采用单因素及Logistic多元回归分析,筛选高血压患者PCI术后CI-AKI发生的危险因素.结果 CI-AKI组在年龄＞70岁、心肌梗死、糖尿病、贫血、急诊PCI、对比剂剂量＞200mL、LVEF、LVEF＜ 50％、Hb、RBC、Hct、术前空腹血糖、总胆固醇、HDL、白蛋白、球蛋白、高尿酸血症及肾功能不全方面,与非CI-AKI组差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）;Logistic回归分析显示,高龄（＞70岁）、LVEF＜ 50％、糖尿病、肾功能不全、对比剂用量较大、贫血、急诊PCI以及低水平HDL是高血压患者PCI术后CI-AKI发病的独立危险因素.结论 高龄、心功能不全、糖尿病、肾功能不全、对比剂用量较大、贫血、急诊PCI术以及低水平HDL是CI-AKI发生的危险因素.这些危险因素的明确对于CI-AKI高危患者的识别及疾病的防治具有重要临床意义.     

血清胱抑素C水平对老年冠状动脉介入术后患者造影剂诱导急性肾损伤发生及其远期预后的影响

目的:探讨胱抑素C(CysC)水平对老年冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者术后造影剂诱导的急性肾损伤(CI-AKI)发生及其远期预后的影响。方法:前瞻性连续入选2015年3月至2017年12月间在我院心内科接受PCI治疗的老年患者848例,CI-AKI定义为应用碘造影剂48～72 h内血清肌酐升高≥44.2 μmol/L,...     

高危老年患者行冠状动脉搭桥术后急性肾损伤的危险因素分析

目的:分析高危老年冠心病患者行冠状动脉搭桥(CABG)术后发生急性肾损伤(AKI)的危险因素。方法:纳入560例于2013-02-2017-10在郑州大学人民医院行单纯CABG的高危老年患者,根据术后是否发生AKI分为AKI组和对照组,应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析影响术后AKI的因素。结果:多因素Logistic分析显示,糖尿病(OR=1.394,P=0.034)、体外循环(CPB)(OR=4.215,P0.001)、围术期大量输血(OR=3.319,P0.001)、术后低心排综合征(OR=1.610,P=0.021)或急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ALI/ARDS)(OR=1.771,P=0.018)是CABG术后发生AKI的危险因素,其中CPB和围术期大量输血是主要危险因素。结论:高危老年患者行CABG应尽可能避免应用CPB,减少围术期红细胞输血量,积极干预术后ALI/ARDS或低心排综合征,可减少术后AKI的发生。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后无复流现象的危险因素及预后

目的分析经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后冠状动脉无复流现象发生的危险因素和预后。方法回顾性分析因急性冠状动脉综合征入我院行PCI治疗的患者524例中有较完整随访资料的427例,PCI支架置入即刻在无影响血流的血栓、栓塞、夹层、痉挛情况下,冠状动脉造影前向血流TIMI≤2级为无复流,TIMI 3级为正常血流。利用Excel随机函数表,从393例急诊PCI冠状动脉前向血流恢复正常的患者中随机抽取70例,为对照组。结果冠状动脉无复流患者34例,无复流组心肌梗死和糖尿病比例明显高于对照组,且胰岛素水平、白细胞总数和中性粒细胞总数也明显高于对照组。院内和院外不良事件发生率无复流组明显高于对照组,左心室射血分数较前明显减低,而左心室舒张末内径较前明显增大。结论无复流受既往糖尿病、胰岛素及白细胞水平的影响,可使住院期间和院外不良事件明显增加,是心肌继续缺血、心室重构和心功能恢复障碍的预测因子,也是心肌和微血管损伤的标志。     

冠状动脉介入术后腹膜后血肿的危险因素研究

目的探讨冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后腹膜后血肿(RPH)的发生率、临床特征和危险因素。方法对北京安贞医院心内科2000-01—2005-09共3729例经股动脉穿刺进行PCI术的病例进行回顾性分析,其中并发RPH的21例设为观察组,选择另外30例未发生RPH的病例设为对照组。采用单因素和多因素分析RPH发生的危险因素。结果RPH的发生率为0·6%。RPH最常见的临床特征为贫血(100%),其余还包括低血压(95%)、出汗(57%)、腹股沟痛(48%)、下腹痛(38%)和背痛(38%)。RPH的独立预测因素有3个:女性(OR=5·23,P<0·0001)、体表面积(BSA)<1·53m2(OR=7·11,P=0·005)和高部位股动脉穿刺(OR=5·42,P=0·001)。结论女性、低BSA和高部位股动脉穿刺是RPH发生的独立预测因素。     

肌酐相对正常患者行经皮冠状动脉介入术后发生对比剂肾病的危险因素分析

目的探讨肌酐相对正常患者行经皮冠脉介入术(PCI)后发生对比剂肾病(CIN)的危险因素分析。方法收入2010年1月至2011年4月在广东省人民医院心内科住院拟行PCI术且肌酐相对正常(≤1.5mg/dl,1mg/dl=88.4μmol/L)患者972例,观察此类患者CIN的发生率、临床危险因素及院内死亡率。CIN的诊断标准为:接触对比剂后48～72h内血清肌酐浓度升高>0.5mg/dl(>44.2μmol/L)或者较原基础值升高25%以上,并排除其他诱因引起的急性肾功能损害。结果 972例患者中,CIN发生率为13.9%。CIN(+)组与CIN(-)组进行统计学分析比较,在年龄>75岁(χ2=28.91,P=0.005)、女性(χ2=5.500,P=0.019)、低蛋白血症(χ2=11.953,P=0.002)、LVEF<45%(χ2=4.103,P=0.043)、急诊PCI(χ2=39.874,P<0.001)、使用利尿剂(χ2=23.654,P<0.001)、MehranCIN积分(t=-2.419,P=0.016)方面差异有统计学意义;多变量Logistic回归分析显示,术前肌酐相对正常患者发生CIN的独立危险因素包括年龄>75岁、急诊PCI、使用利尿剂、术后低血压(分别是OR=2.3,95%CI1.4～3.8,P=0.001;OR=2.8,95%CI1.8～4.2,P<0.001;OR=1.8,95%CI1.1～2.8,P=0.016;OR=2.5,95%CI1.1～5.6,P=0.025)。CIN(+)组比CIN(-)组院内死亡率显著增加(5.1%比0.3%,χ2=17.590,P<0.001)。结论术前肌酐相对正常患者行PCI术后仍可能发生CIN,且增加其死亡率;这些患者发生CIN的独立危险因素包括年龄>75岁、急诊PCI、使用利尿剂、术后低血压;对于此类患者应给予充分的肾脏保护预防措施。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后并发对比剂诱导的急性肾损伤的危险因素分析

目的:探索接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者合并对比剂诱导的急性肾损伤(CI-AKI)的危险因素.方法:连续入选自2017年1月至2019年5月入住于兰州大学第一医院心脏中心接受直接PCI的STEMI患者690例,根据2012年《改善全球肾病预后组织(KDIGO)急性肾损...     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后两种对比剂诱发的急性肾损伤诊断标准的应用比较

目的:评估两种对比剂诱发的急性肾损伤(CI-AKI)诊断标准在行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者的临床特征及术后不良事件相关性差异。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至12月于我院行PCI的患者共10394例。比较欧洲泌尿生殖放射学会CI-AKI诊断标准[血清肌酐绝对值升高≥44.2μmol/L(0.5 mg/dl),或较基线值升高≥25%,简写为CI-AKI 25%标准]和改善全球肾病预后组织CI-AKI诊断标准[血清肌酐绝对值升高≥26.5μmol/L(0.3 mg/dl),或较基线值升高≥50%,简写为CI-AKI 50%标准]诊断的CI-AKI发生率及与PCI后2年内主要心脑血管不良事件(MACCE,包括死亡、心肌梗死、血运重建、支架内血栓、脑卒中的复合终点事件)发生风险的差别。结果:10394例患者中,采用CI-AKI 25%标准诊断的CI-AKI为936例(9.0%),而采用CI-AKI 50%标准诊断的CI-AKI患者为206例(2.0%),P<0.001。与CI-AKI 50%标准诊断的CI-AKI患者相比,CI-AKI 25%标准诊断的CI-AKI患者,其估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)更高,而术前血清肌酐更低,慢性肾脏病(CKD)1期的患者比例较高(P均<0.05)。在随访期间,共有1240例(11.9%)患者发生MACCE。CI-AKI 25%标准和CI-AKI 50%标准诊断的患者的MACCE发生率差异无统计学意义(9.9%vs.11.7%,P=0.463)。COX多因素回归分析显示两种CI-AKI诊断标准确定的CI-AKI均不是MACCE的独立预测因素(P>0.05)。结论:为避免在肾功能正常的患者中过度定义CI-AKI,CI-AKI 50%标准更适用于临床中筛选出肾功能损伤高危的患者;两种标准诊断的CI-AKI均与PCI后2年MACCE的发生无显著相关。     

Risk Factors for the Incidence and Severity of Acute Kidney Injury After Liver Transplantation

Objective: To explore risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its severity after liver transplantationMethods: This was a retrospective cohort of consecutive adults undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) at a referral hospital. Risk factors for AKI from 1week post-liver transplantation and 4-week outcomes were analysed. Further analyses of factors that influenced the severity of AKI were also performed. Results: A total of 204 patients were included. AKI was found in 55.4% of patients in the first week after OLT. Risk factors for AKI were recipient’s sex, BMI, preoperative creatinine, preoperative hepatic encephalopathy, cold ischaemia time, duration of surgery, duration of inferior vena clamping, postoperative peak lactate and postoperative peak AST, which were higher in the AKI group. Four weeks after liver transplantation, 20.4% of AKI patients still had abnormal renal function and a mortality rate of 3.6%, and these values were significantly higher than those of patients without AKI (P < .05). Conclusion: Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors can all lead to AKI after OLT.     

Incidence and Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury Following Mannitol Infusion in Patients With Acute Stroke: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, is commonly used to treat patients with acute brain edema, but its use also increases the risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI). In this study, we investigated the incidence and risk factors of mannitol-related AKI in acute stroke patients.A total of 432 patients (ischemic stroke 62.3%) >20 years of age who were admitted to the neurocritical care center in a tertiary hospital and received mannitol treatment were enrolled in this study. Clinical parameters including the scores of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission, vascular risk factors, laboratory data, and concurrent nephrotoxic medications were registered. Acute kidney injury was defined as an absolute elevation in the serum creatinine (Scr) level of ≥0.3 mg/dL from the baseline or a ≥50% increase in Scr.The incidence of mannitol-related AKI was 6.5% (95% confidence interval, 4.5%–9.3%) in acute stroke patients, 6.3% in patients with ischemic stroke, and 6.7% in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Multivariate analysis revealed that diabetes, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline, higher initial NIHSS score, and concurrent use of diuretics increased the risk of mannitol-related AKI. When present, the combination of these elements displayed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.839 (95% confidence interval, 0.770–0.909). In conclusion, mannitol-related AKI is not uncommon in the treatment of acute stroke patients, especially in those with vulnerable risk factors.     

Statins and Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury with Coronary Angiography

BackgroundContrast-induced acute kidney injury is an adverse outcome resulting from radiocontrast medium exposure during coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention.MethodsA systematic search was conducted to retrieve studies that investigated the impact of statin exposure before coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention on the development of contrast-induced acute kidney injury. The primary outcome was the development of contrast-induced acute kidney injury. We separately analyzed statin/placebo comparisons and high-/low-dose statin comparisons.ResultsFifteen randomized controlled trials met inclusion criteria: 11 studies with statin-naïve subjects, 2 studies with chronic statin users, and 2 studies with unspecified prior statin exposure. Statin exposure reduced the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury relative to placebo (relative risk [RR] 0.63, P = .01) with a nonsignificant reduction in the need for hemodialysis (RR 0.25, P = .08). This benefit was also observed in high-dose versus low-dose statin trials (RR 0.46, P = .004), in statin-naïve patients (RR 0.53, P <.0001), and with all studied statins. Higher statin exposure reduced contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with acute coronary syndromes compared with placebo or low-dose statins (RR 0.49, P <.00001), with no significant benefit among patients undergoing elective procedures (RR 0.86, P = .50). Subgroup analyses confirmed the benefit of statins in patients with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, and those receiving >140 mL of contrast dye.ConclusionStatin therapy is effective at reducing the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury. It should thus be considered, at least on a short-term basis, for patients at increased risk of this complication.     

急性冠脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后发生对比剂肾病的影响因素研究

目的探究急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后发生对比剂肾病的影响因素。方法选取2012年5月—2014年5月武汉大学人民医院心内科收治的ACS患者260例,均行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,其中58例患者治疗后发生对比剂肾病,作为观察组;另202例患者治疗后未发生对比剂肾病,作为对照组。回顾性分析两组患者的实验室检查结果〔血肌酐、尿酸、血糖、血红蛋白(Hb)、白细胞计数(WBC)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)〕、介入治疗情况(手术时间、造影剂使用量、支架长度、支架直径及慢性完全闭塞病变发生率),分析发生对比剂肾病的影响因素。结果两组患者血糖、WBC、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者血肌酐、尿酸及hs-CRP水平均高于对照组,RDW大于对照组,Hb低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者手术时间、支架长度以及支架直径比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者造影剂使用量、慢性完全闭塞病变发生率高于对照组(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血肌酐水平升高〔OR=1.268,95%CI(1.004,1.025)〕、RDW增大〔OR=2.517,95%CI(1.687,3.826)〕及hs-CRP水平升高〔OR=1.314,95%CI(1.125,1.542)〕是ACS患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后发生对比剂肾病的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论血肌酐水平升高、RDW增大及hs-CRP水平升高是ACS患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后发生对比剂肾病的危险因素,因此临床需注意监测ACS患者介入治疗后血肌酐、RDW及hs-CRP水平,及时调控以预防对比剂肾病的发生。     

Risk Factors for Death Among Veterans Following Acute Kidney Injury

BackgroundAcute kidney injury is prevalent among hospitalized veterans, and associated with increased risk of death following discharge. However, risk factors for death following acute kidney injury have not been well defined. We developed a mortality prediction model using Veterans Health Administration data.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included inpatients from 2013 through 2018 with a creatinine increase of ≥0.3 mg/dL. We evaluated 45 variables for inclusion in our final model, with a primary outcome of 1-year mortality. Bootstrap sampling with replacement was used to identify variables selected in >60% of models using stepwise selection. Best sub-sets regression using Akaike information criteria was used to identify the best-fitting parsimonious model.ResultsA total of 182,683 patients were included, and 38,940 (21.3%) died within 1 year of discharge. The 10-variable model to predict mortality included age, chronic lung disease, cancer within 5 years, unexplained weight loss, dementia, congestive heart failure, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin, and albumin. Notably, acute kidney injury stage, chronic kidney disease, discharge creatinine, and proteinuria were not selected for inclusion. C-statistics in the primary validation cohorts were 0.77 for the final parsimonious model, compared with 0.52 for acute kidney injury stage alone.ConclusionWe identified risk factors for long-term mortality following acute kidney injury. Our 10-variable model did not include traditional renal variables, suggesting that non-kidney factors contribute to the risk of death more than measures of kidney disease in this population, a finding that may have implications for post-acute kidney injury care.     

Risk Factors and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF); however, few studies concerning the risk factors and recovery patterns of renal function have been published.