NICU中新生儿重度高胆红素血症的换血治疗

目的探讨NICU中新生儿重度高胆红素血症换血治疗的应用及效果。方法选取2013年1月—2014年3月该院新生儿监护病房收治的重度高胆红素血症新生儿57例,采用外周动静脉同步换血方式进行治疗,换血中密切监测患者生命体征、血糖等指标变化,并在结束治疗后进行血常规、血生化等检查比较。结果所有患儿经换血治疗后血清总胆红素和间接胆红素等均显著下降,6例患儿出现贫血,22例患儿出现血小板减少,49例患儿出现高血糖症,无血钙、血钠及血钾异常改变。结论在新生儿重度高胆红素血症临床治疗过程中,采用外周动静脉同步换血治疗可有效降低血清胆红素,同时对患儿不良反应少,值得在临床上进行推广和应用。     

外周动静脉同步双倍换血治疗重症新生儿高胆红素血症疗效观察

【目的】观察外周动静脉同步双倍换血治疗重症新生儿高胆红素血症的疗效。【方法】30例重症高胆红素血症新生儿应用外周动静脉同步双倍换血治疗,换血前后监测胆红素、电解质、血常规。【结果】血清总胆红素、间接胆红素换出率分别为52.66%、52.25%,换血后白细胞、血红蛋白及血小板均有显著下降,血钾和血钙显著下降,血钠和血氯无明显变化,换血后无并发症。【结论】外周动静脉同步双倍换血治疗实用、可行、并发症少,是治疗重症新生儿高胆红素血症的有效方法。     

外周动静脉同步换血疗法治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的临床体会

目的:探讨重度新生儿高胆红素血症的治疗。方法:对2003年6月~2007年3月本院收治的重度新生儿高胆红素血症患儿给予外周动静脉同步换血治疗,观察胆红素及各项生化指标的变化。结果:经过换血治疗,胆红素值明显下降,生化指标无明显改变。结论:外周动静脉同步换血疗法可有效降低血胆红素值。     

外周动静脉同步换血术治疗重症新生儿高胆红素血症疗效分析

目的 观察外周动静脉同步换血疗法治疗重症新生儿高胆红素血症的疗效及安全性.方法 对42例重症新生儿高胆红素血症患儿进行外周动静脉同步换血,检测比较换血前后患儿的胆红素、血常规和血糖等指标的变化.结果 与换血前比较换血后总胆红素、间接胆红素、直接胆红素均明显下降；白细胞和血小板明显降低；血糖升高,差异有统计学意义.结论 对于重症新生儿高胆红素血症患儿,应尽早的进行换血治疗,换血治疗中应严密监测患儿各项生命体征和血常规、电解质、胆红素等指标的变化,同时尽可能保证供血新鲜,如出现高血钾症、贫血、感染等异常情况,应及时做应对处理.     

新生儿高胆红素血症外周动静脉同步换血的护理

目的:探讨18例新生儿高胆红素血症外周动静脉换血的护理要点,总结其护理的临床路径。方法:摸索高胆红素血症外周动静脉换血的护理方法与技巧,对18例重症高胆红素血症新生儿外周动静脉换血。结果:采用外周动静脉换血术的患儿通过护士精心护理未有1例并发症。结论:有输血条件的基层医院均能开展此项技术,新生儿重症监护室的护士应掌握此技术的护理常规,减轻患儿痛苦,增进健康。     

新生儿重度高胆红素血症外周动静脉同步换血63例护理体会

动静脉同步换血是治疗新生儿高胆红素血症,尤其是Rh溶血和ABO溶血所致的重度高胆红素血症最直接、最有效的方法.我科自2006年1月至2009年12月采用外周动静脉同步换血治疗新生儿重度高胆红素血症63例,取得了较好的效果,现报告如下.     

经外周动静脉同步换血治疗新生儿重症高胆红素血症63例临床分析

目的观察经外周动静脉同步换血疗法对新生儿重症高胆红素血症的治疗效果。方法采用以桡动脉和大隐静脉为主要的换出、输入途径,在保证出入量平衡的情况下,同步换血法治疗63例新生儿重症高胆红素血症患儿,并监测换血前、中、后患儿血清胆红素水平、生命体征和血液生化指标。结果换血治疗前、中、后血清胆红素水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),换血后血清胆红素水平显著下降,总胆红素水平由换血前的439.2±118.2umol/L下降至换血中的278.2±77.2umol/L和换血后的215.6±67.4umol/L,平均换出率为61%。但换血中和换血后易出现低血钙、低血钾、贫血和血小板减少。结论经外周动静脉同步换血疗法可迅速降低血清胆红素水平,具有疗效快、副作用少、操作简便等特点,值得临床推广应用,但在治疗中和治疗后应监测血钙、血钾及血常规。     

动静脉同步换血治疗新生儿高胆红素血症临床分析

<正>新生儿高胆红素血症是新生儿常见疾病,严重时可引起核黄疸,造成不可逆的神经系统损害。该文对新生儿外周动静脉同步换血疗法治疗高胆红素血症所取得的效果报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料选择2009～2011年收治住院的高胆红素血症患儿21例作为治疗组,回顾性调查2007～     

换血疗法治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的临床研究

目的：总结外周动静脉换血疗法在新生儿高胆红素血症中的应用及护理经验，指导临床工作。方法：回顾分析我科2001年-2007年12月收治的52例高胆红素血症患儿，在行外周动静脉同步换血前、换血中及换血后的护理。结果：换血后监测血清胆红素在正常范围，又例出现暂时性高血糖，1例出现短暂低体温，其余监测指标无明显变化，未发生脱管、外渗及感染等不良并发症。结论：外周动静脉同步换血疗法操作简单易掌握，疗效好，副作用少，而且最大限度地减少了新生儿损伤，缩短了换血时间，费用低，值得临床推广应用。     

外周动静脉同步换血疗法治疗重症新生儿高胆红素血症的临床研究

【目的】探讨外周动静脉同步换血疗法对在新生儿重症高胆红素血症的临床应用可行性及疗效。【方法】对34例患儿采用外周动静脉同步换血的方法置换出体内1.5～2倍的血量,监护生命体征,换血前后查血常规、肝功能、电解质等。【结果】换血术后血清总胆红素平均下降51.85%,以间接胆红素为主,血红蛋白、白细胞、血小板换血术后均有下降(P<0.05),血钾、血钙明显下降(P<0.05),血糖明显升高(P<0.05),换血后无并发症。【结论】外周动静脉同步换血疗法疗效好,简单、实用、安全,值得推广。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.