Clinical effectiveness of KL 007 (oxybutynin hydrochloride) in urinary disorders

The clinical effectiveness of KL 007 (oxybutynin hydrochloride) was studied on patients with urinary disturbance, mostly complaints of urinary frequency, who were suffering from nervous pollakisuria, irritable bladder or neurogenic bladder. Fifty two patients were administered KL 007 three times daily at the dose of 6 mg, 9 mg, or 12 mg per day for one or two weeks. An overall clinical effectiveness of KL 007 was seen in the cases of hypertonic bladder. As to the clinical effectiveness of subjective symptoms, KL 007 improved the symptoms of urinary frequency, urinary incontinence, discomfort upon micturition, urinary urgency and sense of residual urine. Transient side effects were observed in 23 cases (41.4%), and dry mouth was most observed. No severe side effects were noticed.     

Oral lormetazepam in premedication. A comparison with diazepam

Lormetazepam, a relatively new benzodiazepine was compared in a randomised, double blind trial with diazepam for its effectiveness as an oral premedicant drug. A scoring system was used to assess sedation, relief of anxiety, nausea, dizziness and cardiovascular effects in two groups of patients having orthopaedic operations. Some statistical indication that lormetazepam has a greater anxiolytic effect than diazepam was found, but in assessing total effect using a known scoring system, no difference was demonstrated between the two drugs.     

A New Technique Applying Botulinum Toxin in Narrow and Wide Foreheads

The use of botulinum toxin is becoming increasingly popular, and application details are being examined in an effort to achieve more satisfactory results with fewer side effects. In the forehead area, the main considerations are the effacement of forehead wrinkles to a desirable extent and the prevention of complications such as ptosis of the eyebrow and upper eyelid. The frontalis muscle necessitates chemodenervation by botulinum toxin at multiple points for the desired effect. The dimensions of foreheads, and thus the frontalis muscle, differ from patient to patient. The effectiveness and side effects change according to whether the forehead is narrow or a wide. Therefore, no single application technique is best for all patients. For this study, the glabella–hairline distance was measured in 90 healthy adults. Patients with a vertical forehead length exceeding 70 mm were regarded as having a wide forehead, and the botulinum toxin was applied in three vertical lines in two split doses. On the other hand, individuals with a vertical forehead length of less than 60 mm were regarded as having a narrow forehead, and the toxin was applied in two split doses in three horizontal lines. The authors have found that in cases of wide or narrow foreheads, the effectiveness of the toxin increased, whereas the side effects such as brow asymmetry and ptosis were not encountered. Thus, they recommend the use of this technique for patients with wide or narrow foreheads.     

Effectiveness of the back school. A review of the results of evidence- based evaluation

Back schools are high frequency-low cost interventions. Their effectiveness has lately been regarded with skepticism. The variety of back school programs makes an over-all evaluation difficult. The number of evaluative publications has increased dramatically during the last 10 years, including 18 randomized controlled trials. Results of these studies have been contradictory. The results of two lately published randomized controlled trials, of 18 randomized controlled trials, of five systematic reviews, two publications conducting metaanalyses, and five task forces presenting guidelines for clinical practice are reported. According to the conclusions of the reviews there is limited to strong evidence for the effectiveness of back schools for chronic back pain. The metaanalyses show clear effects for knowledge and behavior change up to 6 months. Three of five task forces recommend back schools for acute pain respectively at worksite. Summarizing the results of the given evidence based recommendations it is concluded that back schools at work sites and back schools with intensive training is effective. There is still need to prove the effectiveness of single elements of the back school programs, of strategies to increase long term effects, the effectiveness for subtypes of patients and the effectiveness of back schools as part of a comprehensive orthopedic pain therapy.     

瑜珈健身法减轻抗精神病药物不良反应的效果观察

目的探讨瑜珈健身法减轻抗精神病药物不良反应的疗效.方法将60例接受抗精神病药物治疗精神病患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各30例,对照组按常规工娱治疗,治疗组在此基础上行瑜珈健身疗法,采用抗精神病药物不良反应量表,比较两组患者治疗前后药物的不良反应.结果治疗组药物不良反应显著改善,与对照组比较,差异有显著性意义(均P<0.05).结论瑜珈健身法能有效改善抗精神病药物引起的不良反应,尤其能减轻抗精神病药物所致消化系统、骨骼肌肉和神经系统等引起的不良反应.     

双金胃疡胶囊治疗消化性溃疡临床疗效观察

目的 观察双金胃疡胶囊治疗消化性溃疡的临床疗效.方法 将120例确诊消化性溃疡患者随机分成治疗组和对照组,比较两组的疗效.结果 两组比较,主要临床症状好转时间、总有效率、复发率均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）.结论 双金胃疡胶囊治疗消化性溃疡临床疗效疗效显著.     

Time-dependent effects of free fatty acids on glucose effectiveness in type 2 diabetes

Impaired effectiveness of glucose to suppress endogenous glucose production (EGP) is an important cause of worsening hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Elevated free fatty acids (FFAs) may impair glucose effectiveness via several mechanisms, including rapid changes in metabolic fluxes and/or more gradual changes in gene expression of key enzymes or other proteins. Thus, we examined the magnitude and time course of effects of FFAs on glucose effectiveness in type 2 diabetes and whether glucose effectiveness can be restored by lowering FFAs. Glucose fluxes ([3-(3)H]-glucose) were measured during 6-h pancreatic clamp studies, at euglycemia (5 mmol/l glucose, t=0-240 min), and hyperglycemia (10 mmol/l, t=240-360 min). We studied 19 poorly controlled subjects with type 2 diabetes (HbA(1c) 10.9 +/- 0.4%, age 50 +/- 3 years, BMI 30 +/- 2 kg/m(2)) on at least two occasions with saline (NA- group) or nicotinic acid (NA group) infusions for 3, 6, or 16 h (NA3h, NA6h, and NA16h groups, respectively) to lower FFAs to nondiabetic levels. As a reference group, glucose effectiveness was also assessed in 15 nondiabetic subjects. There was rapid improvement in hepatic glucose effectiveness following only 3 h of NA infusion (NA3h = 31 +/- 6% suppression of EGP with hyperglycemia vs. NA- = 8 +/- 7%; P<0.01) and complete restoration of glucose effectiveness after 6 h of NA (NA6h = 41 +/- 8% suppression of EGP; P = NS vs. nondiabetic subjects). Importantly, the loss of hepatic glucose effectiveness in type 2 diabetes is completely reversible upon correcting the increased FFA concentrations. A longer duration of FFA lowering may be required to overcome the chronic effects of increased FFAs on hepatic glucose effectiveness.     

热水加荆芥末泡足发汗解表降温疗效观察

目的观察热水加荆芥末泡足发汗解表降温的效果.方法将122例外感发热患者随机分为观察组(66例)和对照组(56例).两组患者均予输液、抗感染、支持等治疗.对照组加服解表中药或中成药,注射解热镇痛剂或激素类药物;观察组加用热水加荆芥末泡足发汗解表降温;两组均在72 h内评价综合疗效.结果总有效率观察组为100.0%、对照组为62.5%,两组比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01).结论热水加荆芥末泡足发汗解表降温容易掌握发汗程度,且疗效快、无不良反应.     

逆行锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞的临床应用

目的探讨逆行锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞(BPB)的效果。方法择期行上肢手术的患者90例随机分为三组,每组30例。在外周神经刺激器引导下行逆行锁骨下(A组)、肌间沟(B组)或锁骨上(C组)BPB穿刺,注入0.5%罗哌卡因40ml。记录感觉神经阻滞完善时间、不良反应。A组记录穿刺针进针深度,与矢状面、冠状面角度。结果A组感觉神经阻滞效果优于B、C组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。A组臂内侧皮、前臂内侧皮、正中、尺神经阻滞完善时间快于B组(P<0.01)。A组颈浅神经阻滞完善时间较B组慢(P<0.01)。A组不良反应与并发症明显少于B、C组(P<0.01)。结论逆行锁骨下BPB的感觉神经阻滞效果优于肌间沟法或锁骨上法。     

Clinical evaluation of Cernilton on benign prostatic hypertrophy--a multiple center double-blind study with Paraprost]

A multiple center double blind study was performed to study the effectiveness of Cernilton (CN) on benign prostatic hypertrophy in comparison to Paraprost (PP). Among a total of 192 patients, overall effect was studied on 159 patients, overall safety rate on 178 patients and rate of effectiveness on 159 patients. There were no differences between the two groups in the selected patients, criteria for exclusion and drop out cases or background data of the patients. Impression of patients and overall effect by committee and physician judgment were slightly higher in the CN group compared to the PP group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. For the improvement in subjective symptoms, the rate of moderate improvement or more after 4 weeks by committee judgement was higher in the CN group compared to the PP group. The rate of improvement in protracted miction, which is an effective marker of urinary disturbance, was also higher in the CN group compared to the PP group. An analysis of objective symptoms showed a significant improvement in residual urinary volume, average flow rate, maximum flow rate and prostatic weight in the CN group. A significant improvement in the phased change of residual urinary volume was also seen in the CN group. No side effects or abnormalities in clinical test levels were noted in the CN group. By committee judgement, the rate of more than moderate effectiveness was 49.1% in the CN group compared to 41.2% in the PP group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. By physician's judgment, the rate of more than moderate effectiveness was 49.4% in the CN group compared to 46.3% in the PP group, but there was also no significant difference between the two groups. These results suggested that Cernilton was an effective drug for benign prostatic hypertrophy.     

Comparative double-blind trial of KN-7 tablet and Robaveron injection in the treatment of neurogenic bladder

The clinical effectiveness, safety and usefulness of KN-7 tablet as a new oral application of the prostatic extract, on urinary dysfunction of neurogenic bladder were compared with those of Robaveron injection by the double-blind test method. In the study, 2 tablets t.i.d. and a shot of intramuscular injection 1 ml a day were given successively for 3 weeks. A total of 233 cases were reported from 37 facilities belonging to the KN-7 Clinical Research Group. Some of them were excluded or dropped out. The number of cases used for analysing the effectiveness, safety and usefulness were 214, 232 and 215, respectively. There was no bias between the two groups with a significant homogeneity in the background. In the overall clinical effectiveness, the effective rate including excellent, moderate and slightly effective was 76.9% with KN-7 and 77.4% with Robaveron. In the clinical usefulness, the rate of usefulness of slightly useful or above was 75.0% with KN-7 and 75.7% with Robaveron. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the clinical effective and useful rates at a significant level of 5%. Side effects were observed in 1 of the 114 (0.9%) patients given KN-7 and 8 of the 118 (6.8%) patients given Robaveron. The incidence of adverse reactions with KN-7 was significantly lower than that with Robaveron. Based on the results, it was concluded that KN-7 tablets, 2 tablets t.i.d., would be as effective and useful as a Robaveron injection 1 ml daily and safer than the latter in the treatment of neurogenic bladder.     

Clinical evaluation of Cernilton in benign prostatic hypertrophy

Twenty patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy were treated with Cernilton, 6 tablets a day for an average of 13.2 weeks. Subjective effectiveness was observed in the improvement of sense of residual urine (92%), retardation (86%), night frequency (85%), strain on urination (56%), protraction (53%) and forceless urinary stream (53%). The overall subjective effectiveness was 80% of patients, and the overall objective effectiveness was 54% of patients. Night frequency, residual urine volume and tidal urine volume were improved significantly. The overall effectiveness was 80%. No side effects were observed.     

利美达松关节腔内注射治疗无菌性关节炎50例分析

作者报告应用利美达松和确炎舒松-A对50例无菌性关节炎行关节腔内注射的疗效.结果显示利美达松注射后四周显效率为33.3%,总有效率为86.6%.认为利美达松在消肿、止痛和增加关节活动度方面均明显优于确炎舒松-A,总体疗效提高21.6%.利美达松注射二周后药效仍明显存在.各种类型关节滑膜炎中,以类风湿性关节炎为其最佳适应证.     

米氮平治疗早泄106例临床观察

目的 研究米氮平(mitrazapine)治疗早泄(premature ejaculation,PE)的有效性和安全性.方法 选择门诊早泄患者106例,予以每晚口服米氮平30mg,连续使用一个月为一个疗程.治疗1～2个疗程后接受复诊或电话随访,进行疗效和安全性评估,分别记录治疗前、治疗一个疗程后阴道内射精潜伏时间(intravaginal ejaculation latency time,IELT)、治疗后性生活质量改善满意度,并详细记载药物治疗期间出现的不良反应.结果 随诊的106例PE患者,自行停药9例,其中因药物副作用不能耐受而停药的有6例(嗜热睡4例,头晕2例),其他(离异及经济因素等)原因3例.97例PE患者完整接受至少一个疗程的米氮平治疗,治疗前IELT为(1.19±0.09)min,治疗后为(4.72±2.53)min,治疗前、后差异比较,具统计学意义(P<0.001).IELT改善总有效率为68.04%,治疗后患者自我满意度达到75.26%.其他抗抑郁药物治疗无效的32例PE患者,米氮平治疗后早泄改善自我满意度调查结果满意度43.75%(14/32).结论 米氮平治疗早泄有效且安全,对于其他抗抑郁药物治疗无效的PE患者也可以尝试米氮平治疗.     

Radiance FN: A New Soft Tissue Filler

BACKGROUND: Calcium hydroxylapatite has been used in various forms in facial reconstruction, radiologic procedures, stress urinary incontinence, and vocal cord problems. OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of calcium hydroxylapatite as an aesthetic soft tissue filler. METHODS: Sixty-four consecutive patients from two centers were treated with Radiance FN over a 6-month period in various facial areas. RESULTS: All patients showed clinical improvement. Side effects were minimal, consisting of mild bruising or swelling. There was a low incidence of complications, consisting of lip nodularity and tear trough overcorrection. CONCLUSION: Radiance FN offers a new alternative as a deep soft tissue filler. Aesthetic correction was immediate with little downtime. Patient satisfaction was high with minimal side effects. Lip nodularity was the main complication. Correction in all patients has persisted to date, with our longest follow-up being 6 months.     

Investigation of different combinations of estrogen therapy and radiation therapy on prostatic adenocarcinoma (R-3327)

The relative effectiveness of different combinations of estrogen therapy and radiation therapy against the R-3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma of the Copenhagen rat was studied. Because of similar actions of estrogens and radiation in the cell cycle, and possibly antagonistic effects reported in the clinical literature, we looked for an antagonism between these two therapeutic modalities. Radiation therapy consistently showed a greater tumor inhibitory effect than estrogen therapy alone at the dose tested. Combinations of radiation therapy with hormonal manipulation did not appear to show a greater inhibition of tumor growth than radiation therapy alone. There also did not appear to be an antagonistic effect between these two modalities in this system.     

595nm可调脉宽染料激光与强脉冲光治疗毛细血管扩张

目的：评价595nm可调脉宽染料激光与强脉冲光（IPL）治疗毛细血管扩张的疗效和不良反应。方法：用595nm可调脉宽脉冲染料激光仪与强脉冲光分组治疗毛细血管扩张共326例,按照就诊时间随机单盲将患者分为两组,A组：164例,应用595nm可调脉宽染料激光治疗;B组：162例,应用强脉冲光治疗。根据血管的粗细适当选择脉宽及能量密度,照射病变部位,观察局部治疗皮肤反应,即以照射部位皮肤变为紫灰色,扩张血管消失为适度。每月治疗1次,共治疗1～3次,分析两组患者的疗效和不良反应。结果：164例毛细血管扩张患者,经过595nm可调脉宽V-beam激光1～3次治疗后,85例痊愈,63例显效,总有效率90.2%;IPL组的总有效率在第1、2、3次治疗后分别为3.1%、21.6%和43.2%。与IPL组比较,595nm可调脉宽V-beam激光组的疗效要明显优于IPL组,两者的差异性有明显统计学差异（P〈0.01）。同一类型皮肤与IPL组比较,595nm可调脉宽V-beam激光组的疗效要明显优于IPL组,两者的差异性有明显统计学差异（P〈0.05）。两组治疗后皮肤反应轻微,595nm激光组治疗后会暂时出现局部水肿和紫癜,两组术后色素改变发生率无显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：595nm可调脉宽脉冲染料激光治疗毛细血管扩张疗效明显优于强脉冲光,且皮肤反应轻微,疗效确切,临床效果满意。     

Relief of postoperative pain by ibuprofen: a report of two studies

The value of ibuprofen (Motrin) as an analgesic was assessed in two consecutive studies in 425 patients with postherniorrhaphy pain. In the first study, 400 mg ibuprofen proved superior to placebo and as effective as one tablet of a compound containing 375 mg of acetylsalicylic acid, 30 mg caffeine and 8 mg codeine (ACC-8). In the second study, the analgesic effectiveness of 400 mg of ibuprofen was intermediate between that of two tablets of ACC-8 and one tablet of ACC-30 (a compound containing 375 mg ASA, 30 mg caffeine and 30 mg codeine). The side effects of all drugs were negligible. Ibuprofen should be a suitable alternative analgesic in postoperative pain of this type.     

两种方法行THP膀胱内灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发的疗效观察

目的：探讨膀胱癌术后大剂量吡喃阿霉素（THP）膀胱内灌注时保留时间对肿瘤复发和对人体安全性的差异。方法：将45例浅表性膀胱癌经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术或膀胱部分切除术病人随机分对照组（24例）、观察组（21例），二术后2周开始应用THP（40mg/40ml）膀胱内灌注，观察组灌注后药物在膀胱内保留30min；对照组保留2h。结果：两组病人随访7－26个月，复发率比较，P＞0．05，差异无显著性意义；所有病人均能耐受THP膀胱内灌注；两组灌注后不同保留时间全身不良反应比较，均P＞0．05，差异无显著性意义；尿频、尿痛等膀胱刺激症和迟发性不良反应（尿道狭窄和前列腺炎）两组比较，P＜0．05，观察组明显低于对照组。结论：膀胱癌术后应用THP膀胱内灌注预防肿瘤复发效果显著，药物在膀胱内保留时间短，对膀胱、尿道刺激性小，不良反应少。     

两种包含他克莫司的免疫抑制方案在肾移植中的应用体会

目的　探讨适合中国人的他克莫司 (FK50 6)剂量。方法　对 8例使用高剂量FK50 6(0 .2mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 )方案肾移植受者 (A组 )及 34例使用低剂量FK50 6(0 .1mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 )受者 (B组 )术后早期血肌酐、排斥反应发生率及免疫抑制剂的不良反应进行比较。结果　A、B两组术后 2个月血肌酐水平的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5) ;A组半年内未见急性排斥反应发生 ;B组有 1例因血中FK50 6的浓度偏低而发生急性排斥反应 ,2例肾组织活检提示肾小管炎 ;两个组在随访期内均未见严重感染发生 ;药物的不良反应B组较少、较轻。结论　应用低剂量FK50 6组成的免疫抑制方案 ,在降低药物毒副作用的同时 ,并不影响其疗效