肝内胆管结石合并肝胆管癌14例分析

目的 探讨肝内胆管结石并发肝胆管癌的诊断和治疗。方法 回顾性分析1994年1月。2004年12月我院14例肝内胆管结石并发肝胆管癌患者的临床资料，并对其诊断、治疗和预后进行总结。结果 14例肝胆管癌的发生率占同期肝内胆管结石患者的2．1％（14／660），均经手术治疗；术前诊断率为42．9％（6／14），术中诊断率为100％；根治性手术率28．6％（4／14），获随访4例，平均生存18个月；姑息性手术率71．4％（10／14），获随访4例，平均生存4个月。结论 必须警惕肝内胆管结石并发肝胆管癌的可能，提高肝内胆管结石并发肝胆管癌疗效的关键是早期诊断，争取根治性手术。     

肝胆管结石合并肝肥大-萎缩征的诊治(附262例报告)

目的 探讨肝胆管结石并肝肥大-萎缩征的诊治方法。方法 回顾性分析我科1990年6月-2001年6月收治的262例肝胆管结石并肝肥大萎缩征病人的临床资料。总结他们的症状，体征及影像学资料的特点及手术技巧。结果 全体病例无手术死亡，术后残石率为17.2%。效果优良率为81.7%。结论 肝肥大-萎缩征是肝胆管结石的并发症之一。手术治疗难度大。应根据病情选择手术方式，既要遵循肝胆管结石的治疗原则。又要保护赖以生存的肥大的肝叶（段）。     

肥大肝叶内胆管结石的处理

目的探讨在肝肥大-萎缩征中肥大肝叶内胆管结石的处理方法。方法回顾性分析我科1990年6月～2004年12月收治的103例肥大肝叶内胆管结石病人的临床资料，总结其手术治疗的原则和方法。结果全体病例均经手术治愈，术后残石率17．5％，效果优良率83．7％。结论肥大肝叶内的胆管结石，手术难度大，应根据病情选择手术方式，既要遵循肝胆管结石的治疗原则，又要保护赖以生存的肥大肝叶（段）。     

肝胆管结石并左肝肥大右肝萎缩的处理

目的 总结手术治疗肝胆管结石并左肝肥大,右肝萎缩的经验。方法 对37例肝胆管结石并左肝肥大,右肝萎缩患者进行手术并随访,其中施行T管引流13例,肝肠盆式Roux-Y吻合20例,跳跃式肝肠Roux-Y吻合4例,同时附加左肝叶部分切除3例,右肝叶部分切除5例,脾脏切除2例。结果 术后发现残余结石8例,占21.6%,经术后胆道镜检查取石,取净2例,最后残石率降致16.2%。无死亡病例,随访37例,且均超过半年,在随访中出现不同程度的胆管炎4例,效果优良者占89.2%。结论 术前影像检查和合并症的处理是手术成功的保证;肝胆管的充分显露和切开是手术成功的关键;术式选择要视梗阻部位,胆管狭窄和扩张的程度及术中患者的情况而定,以肝叶或段切除和保留Oddi括约肌功能者疗效佳。     

肝切除治疗肝胆管结石

目的 探讨肝切除治疗肝胆管结石的疗效。方法 回顾性分析了1980年2月至1999年2月128例肝胆管结石采用肝切除治疗的术式和治疗效果。结果 肝切除治疗肝胆管结石占整个手术治疗病人的41．29％。其中左外叶切除78例，占60．94％；左半肝切除18例，占14．06％；肝方叶切除7例，占5．47％；右半肝及右肝段切除25例，占19．53％；附加胆肠吻合术50例，占39．06％。手术并发症18例，占14．06％。术后1个月内死亡2例，占1．56％。106例(82．8l％)获2～20年随访，平均随访12．5年，优良率90．56％。结论 肝切除治疗肝胆管结石是最有效的治疗手段，其中早期的肝切除治疗效果最佳。     

肝胆管结石并肝肥大-萎缩征的诊断和外科治疗

目的 探讨肝胆管结石并肝肥大-萎缩征的诊断和外科治疗方法. 方法 对86例肝胆管结石并肝肥大-萎缩征病例的临床资料进行分析,总结其诊治要点和手术技巧. 结果 全组病例无手术死亡,结合术后胆道镜取石,疑为残石率为9.3%,效果优良率为82.7%. 结论 肝胆管结石并肝肥大-萎缩征术前CT检查大多数能确诊,手术难度大,术式选择要个体化,既要达到治疗效果,又要保护赖以生存的肥大肝脏.     

肝内胆管结石的外科多模式治疗

目的总结多种术式治疗肝内胆管结石的临床经验。方法回顾性分析1997年6月—2003年6月收治的肝内胆管结石病患者68例。其中，肝部分切除术 胆道镜应用治疗57例(83．82％)．胆总管切开取石 胆道镜应用治疗11例(16．18％)．肝胆管狭窄切开整形胆肠吻合术 胆道镜应用治疗7例(10．29％)，肝部分切除联合胆肠内引流治疗4例(5．88％)。结果手术后结石取净66例(97．06％)，术后胆道镜取石2例，1例取净，总的结石取净率98．53％(67／68)；手术并发症9例(13．24％)，无围手术期死亡；全部病人随访6个月～2年，肝内胆管结石复发1例。结论以肝部分切除及胆道镜应用为主的多模式治疗策略是治疗肝内胆管结石的最佳方案。     

循纤维化边界行解剖性肝切除在肝胆管结石并肝萎缩肥大征治疗中的应用

目的:探讨循肝纤维化边界行解剖性肝切除在肝胆管结石并肝萎缩肥大征治疗中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月至2019年12月湖南省人民医院肝胆外科循肝纤维化边界行解剖性肝切除治疗的167例肝胆管结石并肝萎缩肥大征患者的临床资料。结果:本组患者均在肝纤维化边界引导下成功进行解剖性肝切除,配合术中胆道镜取石,平均历时...     

112例肝胆管结石术后残余结石部位分析

目的：探讨减少肝胆管结石术后残余结石的方法，降低术后结石残余率。方法：回顾分析112例肝胆管结石术后残余结石病例的胆管造影X线片，观察残余结石的分布情况。结果：胆总管残余结石者11例(9．8％)，左肝管残余结石者15例(13．4％)，右肝管残余结石者34例(30．4％)，尾叶支肝管残余结石者20例(17．9％)，左右肝管、胆总管残余结石者32例(28．6％)。结论：合理选择手术方案是降低肝胆管结石术后残余结石的关键。     

皮下通道型肝胆管狭窄成形术治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效评价

目的探讨皮下通道型肝胆管狭窄成形术治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析1993年1月至2006年8月99例接受皮下通道型肝胆管狭窄成形术患者的临床疗效。其中结石局限于左肝28例（28．3％）,右肝24例（24．2％）,两肝均有47例（47．5％）。肝内胆管结石合并狭窄66例（66．7％）。手术方式为胆囊切除、肝内胆管结石取出、病肝切除、肝管狭窄纠正、肝门部胆管成形、与带蒂游离空肠吻合、盲襻皮下埋置。其中27例（27．3％）胆囊不切除,行成形肝管-胆囊颈部吻合,胆囊底皮下埋置。结果95例获得随访,随访率96．0％。随访时间1个月-13．5年,平均4．2年。术后残石率为23．2％（23／99）,结石复发率20．0％（19／95）,术后胆管炎发生率14．7％（14／95）。其中34例经皮下通道引流或胆道镜取石,结石取净率为91．2％（31／34）。结论皮下通道型肝胆管狭窄成形术可有效降低结石及胆管炎复发,并可简单有效地处理再发结石。     

Follow-up study of residual and recurrent stone after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

The rate of residual stones and that of recurrent lithiasis were investigated in 183 patients who had undergone extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) between July, 1986 and December, 1988. The investigation was done by questionnaire survey at 22 institutions including our hospital on patients who were followed up after ESWL. The 183 patients included 126 male and 57 female patients between 9 and 77 years old (the mean 43.6 years). The greater part of patients had lithiasis of the lower renal calyx and upper ureter. The rate of residual stones 3 months after ESWL was 33.3% (61 patients) and the success rate was 72.2%. Chemical analysis of stones disclosed calcium oxalate-containing stones in 61% and calcium phosphate-containing ones in 10.8%. Recurrence of lithiasis was observed in 18 of the 131 patients (13.7%) who could be followed up for 6 months or more. These results were compared with those obtained after endoscopic treatment at Kinki University.     

胆道镜联合钬激光碎石治疗术后难取性肝内胆管结石

目的探讨胆道镜联合钬激光碎石治疗术后肝内胆管难取性结石的价值。方法2010年7月～2012年7月,采用纤维胆道镜下用钬激光碎石治疗术后肝内胆管难取性结石（嵌顿结石或结石〉1em）37例,功率0．8—1．2J／5～10Hz。结果37例行钬激光碎石1～12次,平均2．6次。1例因结石位于四级胆管,胆道镜无法进入,未完全取净,36例结石全部取净,成功率为97．3％（36／37）,碎石过程中无胆管壁灼伤、胆道穿孔。36例结石取净者术后随访3～25个月,平均12．3月,B超复查未发现结石复发。结论对于术后肝内胆管难取性结石,胆道镜下钬激光碎石是一种安全、有效的方法。     

肝内胆管结石167例手术疗效分析

目的 探讨肝内胆管结石不同手术方式的治疗效果。方法 收集我科2006年至2009年肝内胆管结石患者的病例资料,根据手术方式的不同,分为肝切组（71例）和非肝切组（96例）。结果 167例患者均顺利完成手术,术后出现并发症36例,肝内胆管残余结石82例,其中肝切组31例（43.7%）,非肝切组51例（53.1%）,经胆道镜取石,平均2.63次,结石取净率92.5%。132例患者获得随访,随访时间6～42个月。肝切组疗效优良者49例（92.5%）,非肝切组疗效优良者66例（83.5%）,两组间差异有统计学意义（P=0.037）。术后6个月以上结石复发者14例（肝切组5例,非肝切组9例）,非肝切组继发胆管癌者4例。结论 规则性肝切除仍是目前治疗肝内胆管结石最为理想的术式。术中与术后娴熟的胆道镜技术可取尽大多数肝内胆管结石,近中期随访大多数患者获得理想临床疗效。     

Postoperative flexible choledochoscopy for residual primary intrahepatic stones.

Postoperative flexible choledochoscopy was carried out in 103 patients with residual biliary calculi. Forty-one patients had residual stones in the common duct, and 63 patients had residual stones in the intrahepatic ducts with or without stones in the common duct. The majority of the intrahepatic stones were primary stones. Postoperative choledochoscopy was very effective in removing residual common duct stones (95% removed, no morbidity). For intrahepatic stones, removal was more difficult and was associated with a higher morbidity (11.2%). Stone extraction through the stenotic intrahepatic ducts was made possible by the balloon dilatation of the ducts. Repeated endoscopic access to the biliary system was made easier by the construction of a hepatico-cutaneous-jejunostomy, which also provides a route to the biliary tree for future stone removal if stone reformation occurs. Complimented by these procedures, postoperative choledochoscopy was successful in removing the residual intrahepatic stones in 82.3% of the patients. At a median follow-up of 17 months, the majority of the patients who had all the stones removed as well as those who had stones left behind were symptom free.     

肝内胆管结石的外科治疗

作者总结了195例肝内胆管结石的治疗经验。采用术前B超、PTC、术中B超胆道镜等方法检查,确定结石位于左肝85例(43.6％),右肝36例(18.5％),左右肝74例(37.9％)。主要狭窄分布:肝门5例,右肝管22例,左肝管31例,乳头部狭窄8例。根据肝内结石状况和病理类型,分别采用不同的手术方法,肝叶切除96例,各类胆肠“Y”式吻合79例,残石率11.3％,无死亡。随访1年～9年,随访率86.2％,优良率96.4％。作者认为,在术前详尽的影像学检查的前提下,运用术中B超监测,肝叶切除及合理选用不同术式,可明显降低残石率,提高手术质量。     

Clinical significance of intrahepatic biliary stricture in efficacy of hepatic resection for intrahepatic stones

In the Far East, hepatic resection is the definitive treatment for complicated intrahepatic stones (IHS). However, many investigators have reported that the associated intrahepatic biliary stricture is the main cause of treatment failure. A retrospective comparative study was undertaken to clarify the long-term efficacy of hepatic resection for treatment of IHS and to investigate the clinical significance of intrahepatic biliary stricture in treatment failure after hepatic resection performed in 44 patients with symptomatic IHS. The patients were divided into two study groups: group A, with intrahepatic biliary stricture (n = 28) and group B, without stricture (n = 16). Residual or recurrent stones, recurrence of intrahepatic biliary stricture, late cholangitis, and final outcomes were analyzed and compared statistically between the two groups. The patients were followed up for a median duration of 65 months after hepatectomy. The overall incidence of residual or recurrent stones was 36% and 11%, respectively, in groups A and B. The initial treatment failure rate was 50% in group A and 31% in group B. Intrahepatic biliary stricture recurred in 46% of patients in group A, while none of the group B patients had biliary stricture recurrence (P = 0.001). More than two-thirds of the restrictures in group A were identified at the primary site. The incidence of late cholangitis was higher in group A (54%) than in group B (6%) (P = 0.002). Three-quarters of the patients with cholangitis in group A had severe cholangitis, that was recurrent, and related to stones and strictures (n = 11). They and 2 asymptomatic patients in group B required secondary procedures done at a median of 12 months after hepatectomy. Final outcomes after hepatectomy with or without secondary management were good in 80%, fair in 16%, and poor in 4% of our 44 patients. Most recurrent cholangitis after hepatectomy in patients with IHS was related to recurrent intrahepatic ductal strictures. Therefore, to be effective, hepatic resection should include the strictured duct. However, with hepatectomy alone it is difficult to clear the IHS or relieve the ductal strictures completely, particularly in patients with bilateral IHS, so perioperative team approaches that include both radiologic and cholangioscopic interventions should be combined for the effective management of IHS. Received for publication on Oct. 15, 1997; accepted on Feb. 2, 1998     

肝内胆管结石外科手术方法探讨

目的: 探讨肝内胆管结石并狭窄的手术治疗方法及其效果。方法: 总结8年间住院的165例肝内胆管结石并胆管狭窄患者的外科手术治疗情况。其中A组85例行肝叶(或肝段)切除的各种术式，同时行胆管空肠吻合40例，肝断面扩张胆管、肝门胆管与空肠双口吻合10例，T管和U管引流分别为21例和14例；B组80例行非肝叶(或肝段)切除术的各种术式，其中胆总管切开取石+T管引流23例，胆总管切开取石+U形管引流15例，胆肠吻合+胆总管取石42例。肝门部肝胆管狭窄整形46例。结果: A组无手术死亡；随访2～7年，术后残留结石4例，残石率4.71%；症状复发3例，复发率3.53%，无再手术者。B组无手术死亡；B组随访2～7年，术后残留结石12例，残石率15.00%。10例术后常有上腹隐痛或发热，症状复发率12.5%。术后经胆道镜取石5例，其余6例中有3例再次行肝叶切除治愈。结论: 肝段(叶)切除联合其他手术是治疗肝内胆管结石较为理想而有效的手术方式。     

Indication and procedure for treatment of hepatolithiasis

HYPOTHESIS: Because of its complicated clinicopathologic features, hepatolithiasis is difficult to treat, and there is no established method of treating patients with intrahepatic stones. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. SETTING: Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan (January 1, 1971-December 31, 2000). PATIENTS: Eighty-nine patients treated for hepatolithiasis (43 male; median age, 56.9 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The rate of residual stones and complications after the treatments of hepatolithiasis. RESULTS: Between 1971 and 1985, 17 patients (41%) had stones located in the left or right intrahepatic duct, and 25 patients (60%) had stones located in the bilateral intrahepatic duct. From 1986 through 2000, 32 patients (68%) had stones located in the left or right intrahepatic duct, and 15 patients (32%) had stones located in the bilateral intrahepatic duct (P =.009). The rate of residual stones after surgical and nonsurgical treatment was 41% (17 of 42 patients) in 1971 through 1985, but decreased to 11% (5 of 47 patients) in 1986 through 2000 (P =.001). The rate of residual stones after cholangioenterostomy or T-tube insertion was 43.8% (21 of 48 patients), but the rate of residual stones after hepatectomy or percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy (PTCSL) was 2.4% (1 of 41 patients, P<.001). In cases treated by PTCSL, we used a holmium (Ho):YAG laser in 3 cases since 1999. To our knowledge, there have been no reports describing the use of Ho:YAG lasers to treat hepatolithiasis. Also, board-shaped stones can be sufficiently pulverized without inducing hemorrhage from the bile duct wall. CONCLUSIONS: According to the current therapeutic strategy for hepatolithiasis, hepatectomy seems to be the most effective treatment for selected patients with isolated left hepatolithiasis if other surgical procedures cannot remove all the related lesions. In addition, PTCSL seems to be performed first in isolated right hepatolithiasis and bilateral lobe type hepatolithiasis. In PTCSL procedures, favorable results have been obtained using the Ho:YAG laser for fracturing intrahepatic stones.     

非肝切除外科治疗86例Ⅲa型肝胆管结石病疗效分析

目的 探讨Ⅲa型肝胆管结石病治疗策略。方法 回顾性分析2014年7月至2017年12月广西中医药大学第一附属医院肝胆外科收治的86例Ⅲa型肝胆管结石病病例的临床资料,均采用非肝切除的外科治疗。观察结石残留情况、术后胆道镜取石次数、结石清除率、复发率及疗效等指标。结果 共23例胆管狭窄病人,其中3例为肝门部胆管狭窄,行肝门部胆管修补成型;20例为肝内胆管开口狭窄,行胆道镜球囊扩张。首次治疗残留结石83例（96.5%）。术后6周左右经T管窦道或皮下盲袢窦道行胆道镜取石,取石3（1~10）次;4例病人残留小部分结石,结石清除率为95.4%。2例发生胆漏,通畅引流后治愈。随访时间24（3～36）个月,80例（93.0%）治疗效果为优;6例（7.0%）术后结石复发,6例（7.0%）偶发胆管炎。结论 通过胆道手术及联合胆道镜纠正狭窄、取除结石治疗Ⅲa型肝胆管结石病安全可行,近期治疗效果满意。     

逆行经肝胆道引流在胆管结石手术中的应用

目的：探索可代替T管引流的手术方法。方法：对49例肝内外胆管结现人术中实施逆行经肝胆道引流术。其中37例逆行穿刺经右肝置管外引流;12例从肝胆管残端置管逆地引流。总胆管切口原位缝合关闭。结果：逆行穿刺引流术术后并发气胸及引流管出血各1例（5．4％）,术后平均第8天拔管。逆行经肝胆管残端置管引流乾术后残余结石4例,均经引流窦道取净。保留胆囊19例,术后造影,胆囊显影良好。术后随访6月－9年,B超检查无胆管狭窄及复发结石,保留的胆囊未形成结石。结果：逆行穿刺经肝胆道引流术后带管时间短,逆行经肝管残端引流对术后残余结石的处理较方便。两种引流术式对肝外胆管及保留的胆囊无不良影响。