认知行为干预对老年抑郁障碍自杀态度影响的研究

目的探讨认知行为干预对老年抑郁障碍患者自杀态度的影响。方法选择2010年3月～2011年10月入住我院的60岁以上首次发病的原发性抑郁障碍患者共60例,随机分为对照组和干预组,各30例。对照组采取常规精神科护理干预方法;干预组在此基础上实施个体化的认知行为干预。运用自杀态度问卷(Questionnaire of suicide attitude,QSA)对干预效果进行评定。结果入院第6周末,干预组分值显著高于对照组:对自杀行为性质的认识(t=-13.27,P<0.01)、对自杀者的态度(t=-8.84,P<0.01)、对自杀者家属的态度(t=-6.06,P<0.01)、对安乐死的态度(t=-13.13,P<0.01)4个维度差异有显著意义。结论认知行为综合干预对改善老年抑郁障碍患者的自杀态度有明显的影响。     

Effects of awareness interventions on children's attitudes toward peers with a visual impairment

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of two awareness programs (6-day vs. 1-day programs) on children's attitudes toward peers with a visual impairment. Three hundred and forty-four Spanish physical education students (164 girls and 180 boys) aged 10-15 years, took part in the study. A modified version of the Attitudes Toward Disability Questionnaire (ATDQ) was used, which includes three sub-scales: (i) cognitive perceptions, (ii) emotional perception, and (iii) behavioral readiness to interact with children with disabilities. The questionnaire was filled out during the regular physical education class before and immediately after the awareness activity. The 6-day didactical unit included a lecture on visual impairments and a video describing visual impairments and the game of 5-a-side soccer (first lesson), sensibilization activities toward visual impairment (second and third lessons), training and competitive 5-a-side soccer tasks using blindfolded goggles (fourth and fifth lessons), and a sport show and chat with soccer players with a visual impairment (sixth lesson). The 1-day awareness unit only included the final session of the didactical activity. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant time effects in the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral subscales. Sex also was found to demonstrate significant effects, in which women showed more favorable results than men. A time-by-group intervention effect was only demonstrated in the cognitive sub-scale, and the 6-day didactic intervention was more effective than the 1-day awareness unit.     

Social learning intervention to promote metabolic control in type I diabetes mellitus: pilot experiment results

Patients with type I, or insulin-dependent, diabetes mellitus (IDDM) must comply with a complex behavioral regimen to control their diabetes. Compliance is often poor in teenage patients who are adversely influenced by peers. During a diabetes summer school, we randomly assigned 21 IDDM patients to one of two groups. One group participated in daily social-learning exercises designed to improve social skills and the ability to resist peer influence. The second group spent an equal amount of time learning medical facts about diabetes care. Four months after the intervention, hemoglobin A1 was significantly lower in the social skills intervention group. A variety of variables were significantly correlated with good metabolic control. These included self-reported compliance with a diabetes regimen and attitudes toward self-care. Unexpectedly, variables correlated with poor diabetes control included social problem-solving ability and satisfaction with social support.     

认知行为干预对孕产妇焦虑情绪和免疫功能的影响

目的探讨认知行为干预对孕产妇和新生儿心理和生理的影响。方法将60例初产妇分为干预组和对照组各30例,对照组进行常规健康教育,干预组在此基础上行认知行为干预,包括改变认知评价、积极应对方式指导和放松训练。并分别于干预前、干预3周后、分娩后24 h内评定孕产妇心理和生理反应。结果两组焦虑得分、血清皮质醇含量均随时间变化而升高,干预后干预组焦虑得分、血清皮质醇含量升高趋势慢于对照组(P<0.01);干预后干预组焦虑得分、皮质醇、母儿免疫因子(IgG、IgM、C3)与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论认知行为干预可以降低孕产妇分娩应激水平,提高免疫功能。     

Evaluation of a brief Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy for Psychological Distress among Female Icelandic University Students

A study of a brief cognitive behavioral group therapy intervention for psychologically distressed Icelandic female university students was conducted using a pre–post test quasi-experimental design with intervention and control group conditions. Students were randomly allocated to control and intervention group conditions (n = 30). The intervention group received four sessions of cognitive behavioral group therapy, delivered by two advanced practice psychiatric nurses. Assessment of distress included self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms. Students in the intervention group experienced significantly lower levels of depression and anxiety symptoms compared to the control group post-test providing preliminary evidence concerning intervention effectiveness for Icelandic students.     

认知行为干预对脑卒中患者综合功能恢复的影响

目的:探讨认知行为干预对脑卒中患者运动功能、日常生活活动能力的影响。方法:将76例脑卒中患者随机分为干预组和对照组,各38例。对照组采用常规治疗和护理,干预组在此基础上给予认知行为干预。治疗后分别采用简化Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定表、改良Barthel指数对运动功能和日常生活活动能力进行评价。结果:干预组患者治疗60 d后的运动功能评分、日常生活活动能力评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:认知行为干预有利于患者在健康的心理状态下接受治疗,促进脑卒中患者肢体运动功能和日常生活活动能力的恢复。     

基于循证护理的认知行为干预对脑卒中患者早期康复锻炼依从性的影响

目的 鉴于临床脑卒中患者主动康复功能锻炼依从性低,进而导致康复预后差的现状,采取具有循证护理依据的认知行为疗法对脑卒中患者进行干预,以达到提高患者对早期康复锻炼的依从性,改善患者的整体治疗效果的目的。方法 通过分析近年来的文献报道和Meta分析的结论,以循证护理的最佳证据为基础,制定认知行为疗法的临床护理决策。选取2017年6月—2019年6月收治的缺血性脑卒中伴偏瘫患者60例,按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。观察组给于基于循证护理的认知行为干预;对照组给于一般主动康复功能锻炼。评价患者的功能锻炼依从性、运动功能、日常生活活动能力和抑郁状况。结果 干预后,观察组患者对主动康复功能锻炼的依从性明显好于对照组,两组患者治疗后日常生活能力、肢体运动功能和抑郁情绪均有不同程度提高,但观察组的效果改善情况好于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 采用循证护理为基础的认知行为干预方法可以促进脑卒中后患者早期康复锻炼的依从性,提高肢体运动功能,改善患者抑郁情绪和生活质量。     

Effectiveness of a nurse-led personalized patient engagement program to promote type 2 diabetes self-management: A randomized controlled trial

PHEinAction® is a theory-based nurse-led patient engagement intervention developed among an Italian older adult population with various chronic diseases to facilitate cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes in promoting individuals' active roles. This study aims to adapt and evaluate the effectiveness of PHEinAction® on diabetes self-management (DSM) among Turkish type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. First, the generic content of the intervention was customized for diabetes management and adapted for the Turkish population, including back-forward translation and expert panel evaluation; then, a randomized controlled trial was conducted with 51 adult diabetes patients randomly assigned to intervention or the control group receiving the usual care. The intervention consisted of two in-person sessions of 4-week intervals, a telephone consultation, and home-based written exercises, which involved personalized care activities addressing individuals' engagement levels and covering the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects. The scores for treatment adherence, self-efficacy, and patient engagement had significantly improved with a large size effect in the intervention group at the fourth-week follow-up compared with the control group. Findings suggest that the nurse-led personalized patient engagement program could effectively promote DSM.     

The Cochrane review of occupational therapy for cognitive impairment in stroke patients

Cognitive impairment frequently follows stroke and impairs everyday activities. This review aimed to determine whether occupational therapy improves functional performance of basic activities of daily living (ADL) and specific cognitive abilities in people who have cognitive impairment after stroke. In this review, randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials that evaluated an occupational therapy intervention focused on providing cognitive retraining to adults with clinically defined stroke and confirmed cognitive impairment were included. Searches up to April 2009 were conducted in: the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsycBITE, OTseeker, and Dissertation Abstracts. The search also included a review of the reference lists of relevant studies, a hand-search of relevant occupational therapy journals, and contact with key researchers in the area. Two review authors independently examined the abstracts that might meet the inclusion criteria, assessed the methodological quality, and extracted data. Of 17 trials that appeared to be relevant and were reviewed in full text, only one trial (N=33) was finally included in this review. The study was an RCT of cognitive skills remediation training and there was no difference between groups for the two outcomes that were relevant to this review that were measured: improvement in time judgement skills and improvement in basic ADLs on the Barthel Index. The effectiveness of occupational therapy for cognitive impairment post-stroke remains unclear. The potential benefits of cognitive retraining delivered as part of occupational therapy on improving basic daily activity function or specific cognitive abilities, or both, of people who have had a stroke cannot be supported or refuted by the evidence included in this review. More research is required.     

Investigation of peer relations of preschool refugee and non-refugee children

The purpose of this study is to compare the peer relations of refugee and non-refugee children in preschool period. The study has a causal-comparative design. The study sample included a total of 40 children, of whom 20 were refugee children and 20 were non-refugee children. In the study in which the random sampling and purposeful sampling method were used, the data were collected by using “General Information Form”, “Ladd-Profilet Child Behavior Scale” and “Peer Victimization Scale”.FindingsIt was found as a result of the study that even though there was no significant difference in terms of the items of “aggressive with peers”, “fearful-anxious towards peers”, “prosocial behaviors with peers”, “excluded by peers”, the hyperactivity and peer victimization in refugee and non-refugee children, a significant difference was found between the asocial behaviors of refugee and non-refugee children. According to their mean ranks, it was observed that the refugee children who showed less aggression with peers and prosocial behaviors towards their peers were more anxious/fearful and displayed asocial behaviors, were excluded more by their peers, were less hyperactive and were exposed to more peer violence. According to these results, it can be recommended to develop social skill programs for refugee and non-refugee children and determine the current situation by spreading the sample to larger groups.     

The association between nonpharmacological interventions and quality of life in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review

Background

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common psychiatric disorder with a worldwide prevalence of about five percent among children and adolescents. This disorder affects most aspects of their lives e.g., academic performance and social relations, and their overall quality of life is reduced compared to healthy peers. The majority of children with ADHD are treated with medication that potentially has an insufficient effect and/or frequently occurring side effects.

Objectives

To enable nurses and other health care professionals to guide children with ADHD and their families in their choices of treatment, based on the best available literature on the association between nonpharmacological interventions and quality of life.

Data Sources

A literature search was performed in the databases CENTRAL, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Seven randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review. They examined the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids, physical activity, psychoeducation, cognitive therapy, cognitive training, hippotherapy, and behavioral therapy.

Conclusions

The study of behavioral therapy in the form of a sleep intervention detected an improvement in quality of life which was statistically significant compared to the control group.

Implications for Practice

Children with ADHD and a sleep disorder may gain improvement in their quality of life from a sleep intervention.     

The CONECSI trial: results of a randomized controlled trial of a multidisciplinary cognitive behavioral program for coping with chronic neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury

Many people with spinal cord injury (SCI) rate chronic neuropathic pain as one of the most difficult problems to manage. The aim of the CONECSI (COping with NEuropathiC Spinal cord Injury pain) trial was to evaluate a multidisciplinary cognitive behavioral treatment program for persons with chronic neuropathic pain after SCI. The intervention consisted of educational, cognitive, and behavioral elements. A total of 61 people were randomized to either the intervention group or the waiting list control group in 4 Dutch rehabilitation centers. Primary outcomes were pain intensity and pain-related disability (Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire), and secondary outcomes were mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), participation in activities (Utrecht Activities List), and life satisfaction (Life Satisfaction Questionnaire). Measurements were performed at baseline, and at 3, and 6 months follow-up. The primary statistical technique was random coefficient analysis. The analyses showed significant changes over time on both primary (t1-t2), and 2 out of 4 secondary outcomes (both t1-t2 and t1-t3). Significant intervention effects (Time * Group interactions) were found for anxiety and participation in activities, but not for the primary outcomes. Subsequent paired t tests showed significant changes in the intervention group that were not seen in the control group: decrease of pain intensity, pain-related disability, anxiety, and increase of participation in activities. This study implies that a multidisciplinary cognitive behavioral program might have beneficial effects on people with chronic neuropathic SCI pain.     

认知行为护理干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者急性加重风险的改善作用研究

目的 研究认知行为护理干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者急性加重风险的改善作用.方法 将2017年5月至2019年5月深圳市龙岗区第二人民医院收治的COPD患者108例纳入研究,按随机数字表分成研究组及对照组,每组各54例.对照组予以常规护理干预,研究组在常规护理基础上增用认知行为护理干预.比较两组患者急性加重次数...     

Working with a peer versus working alone: A preliminary assessment of preferences with four persons with multiple handicaps

This study was a preliminary attempt to devise and carry out an assessment of subjects' preferences with regard to work conditions (i.e., whether subjects preferred to carry out familiar activities with peers or alone). The study included four subjects with multiple handicaps and four peers (also with multiple handicaps) who could be chosen by the subjects as work, companions. Results indicated that there were clear inter-subject differences. The first two preferred to work with peers; the third preferred to work alone; the last showed an overall preference for working with peers; however, there was some decline in this preference. Technical aspects of the assessment and the use of assessment data for the planning of daily work conditions are discussed.     

癌症病人心理一致感干预措施及其效果的系统评价

目的:系统评价癌症病人心理一致感干预措施及其效果。方法:计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、维普、万方、PubMed、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science、EBSCO等数据库中评价癌症病人心理一致感干预研究的随机对照试验,检索时限均为建库至2020年5月31日。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、质量评价以及资料提取,采用定性方法汇总纳入文献的干预措施及其效果。结果:最终纳入9项随机对照试验,涉及1090例病人。纳入文献的质量等级均为B级。干预措施中认知行为疗法3篇,正念减压疗法2篇,音乐疗法结合放松训练1篇,志愿者团队健康教育法1篇,基于平台的支持教育计划1篇,家属同步阶段性认知疗法1篇。7项研究结果显示,干预措施可提高病人心理一致感水平。结论:现有证据表明采取认知行为疗法、正念减压疗法、志愿者团队健康教育法、家属同步阶段性认知疗法均能提高癌症病人的心理一致感水平。     

舍曲林联合认知行为疗法对抑郁症患者认知功能的影响

目的 探讨舍曲林联合认知行为疗法对抑郁症患者认知功能的影响.方法 将60例抑郁症患者按照随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,各30例.两组均给予舍曲林治疗,研究组联合认知行为疗法治疗,观察治疗全程.干预前后采用抑郁自评量表及汉密顿抑郁量表评定两组的抑郁状况,采用威斯康星卡片分类测验评定患者的执行功能.结果 干预后两组抑郁自...     

认知行为干预对抑郁症患者自我接纳功能的影响

目的探究认知行为干预对抑郁症患者的自我接纳功能的影响。方法将本院住院的150例抑郁症患者作为研究对象,根据进组的时间不同分为观察组和对照组各75例。研究组采用认知行为干预护理,对照组采用抑郁症常规护理,使用自我接纳量表(SAQ)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密顿焦虑表(HAMA),观察整个治疗过程对抑郁症患者自我接纳功能的改善和抑郁症治疗的疗效。结果观察组相对于本组干预前,自我接纳因子评分和总评分升高(P0.05)。观察组相较于对照组在采用不同方法护理后,自我接纳总分和自我接纳因子升高(P0.05);2组较干预前,HAMD和HAMA评分降低(P0.05)。结论认知行为干预护理能够改善抑郁症患者的自我接纳的能力,消除患者的消极情绪,对于抑郁症的康复具有重要的作用。     

认知行为干预对子宫内膜癌手术患者术后病耻感及自我效能的影响

目的 探讨认知行为干预对子宫内膜癌手术患者术后病耻感及自我效能的影响.方法 选取2017年1月—2019年12月医院收治的子宫内膜癌手术患者80例为研究对象,按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则分为对照组和观察组,各40例.对照组予以常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上给予认知行为干预,比较两组患者干预8周后病耻感及自我效能...     

认知行为干预对宫颈癌术后患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨认知行为干预对宫颈癌术后患者生活质量的影响.方法:将我院妇科80例宫颈癌手术患者随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,对照组采用常规护理措施,观察组在对照组基础上实施认知行为干预;采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行干预效果评价.结果:观察组患者SAS和SDS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05).结论:认知行为干预可有效改善宫颈癌患者心理健康状态和负性情绪,增加其对治疗的依从性,明显提高患者生活质量.