滥用海洛因时限与左心室功能关系的临床意义

将滥用海洛因者分成滥用２ａ以下及滥用２ａ以上二组，通过心导纳图法测定左心功能，结果显示：滥用早期左心室舒张功能改变明显，冠脉灌注压明显下降，收缩功能影响较少，滥用时间越长，左心室收缩功能损害严重，外周血阻力越大，上述结果对于指导临床合理用药，提供了理论依据。     

滥用海洛因时限与左心室功能关系的临床意义

将滥用海洛因者分成滥用２ａ以下及滥用２ａ以上二组，通过心导纳图法测定左心功能，结果显示：滥用早期左心室舒张功能改变明显，冠脉灌注压明显下降，收缩功能影响较少；滥用时间越长，左心室收缩功能损害严重，外周血管阻力越大，上述结果对于指导临床合理用药，提供了理论依据。     

海洛因依赖者多药滥用的临床治疗分析

本文对２７例海洛因依赖者多药滥用的临床治疗采用Ｂｕｐ递减疗法，并根据联合滥用兴奋剂或抑制剂的具体情况辅助使用镇静剂，中药治疗及心理康复治疗，取得较好疗效，戒断成功率为８９％，本文对海洛因依赖者多药滥用原因进行临床分析。并说明多药滥用已在国内出现，又因多药滥用给临床诊断、治疗及康复、预防等都带来极大的困难，且具有潜在危害性，应引起更大的关注。     

丙泊酚注射痛的发生机制及其预防药物的研究进展

虽然丙泊酚在临床麻醉中被广为应用,但是丙泊酚注射痛仍是麻醉诱导中较为常见的不良反应,不容忽视.目前,已有多种药物可以用来减轻丙泊酚注射痛.本文在回顾丙泊酚注射痛的发生机制及以往常用预防药物的基础上,重点介绍了丙泊酚可以通过激活伤害性顺时感受器电位离子通道而致痛,还指出曲马多可通过调节疼痛信号传导的介质来防止伤害感受器致...     

滥用药物的毛发分析

麻醉药品和精神药品的滥用问题在世界范围内日益严重,越来越成为大众关注的问题。在美国有80％的犯罪与药物有关。因此如何确证嫌疑犯存在药物滥用现象,已成为一个重要的课题。     

抗菌药物的滥用与危害

抗菌药物的滥用,导致耐药菌株不断增加,严重的药物不良反应频繁发生,造成感染性疾病治疗越来越困难,对人类健康构成了严重威胁。     

阿片类药物依赖性的分子机制

对阿片类药物依赖性机理的研究,在行为、神经生化、细胞、分子水平上都有所进展。７０年代初证实了脑内有阿片受体,这成为研究阿片类依赖性机理的起点。人们试图用阿片受体数目或亲和力的变化或受体活性状态的转变来解释阿片类药物的耐受和依赖。然而,经过多年的研究,...     

滥用抗菌药物的原因及改进措施

目的促进合理应用抗菌药物。方法分析滥用抗菌药物的原因及危害，并提出改进措施。结果与结论只要各级卫生机关及相关部门和医疗机构加强对抗菌药物使用的监管，认真执行抗菌药物临床应用指导原则，就能使滥用抗菌药物的现象得到有效控制。     

曲马朵药物依赖性和滥用潜力

AIM: To assess the drug dependence and abuse liability of tramadol. METHODS: Subjects of opiate addicts with history of tramadol abuse were 219. Physical dependence of tramadol was assessed using opiate withdrawal scale (OWS), psychic dependence was assessed by association test of Addiction Research Center Inventory-Chinese Version (ARCI-CV); the degrees of craving experienced for tramadol was self-reported on visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: The scores of OWS of tramadol were 0.05-1.07; 3 scores on scales in particular being used the identify euphoric effects--MBG, sedative effects--PCAG, and psychotomimetic effects--LSD of ARCI were 7.3, 6.1, and 3.4, respectively (F = 38.1, P < 0.01); 57.1% of tramadol abuse subjects had craving for tramadol (chi 2 = 75.86, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Tramadol produced high abuse potential among opiate addicts.     

Drug dependence and abuse potential of tramadol 1

目的：在２１９例有曲马朵滥用史的阿片成瘾者中评价曲马朵的药物依赖性和滥用潜力．方法：采用阿片戒断症状量表（ＯＷＳ）评价曲马朵身体依赖性;采用中文成瘾研究中心问卷（ＡＲＣＩＣＶ）评价曲马朵精神依赖性;采用视觉类比量表（ＶＡＳ）评价曲马朵的渴求程度．结果：曲马朵ＯＷＳ各项戒断症状分值为００５－１０７;ＡＲＣＩ测量药物欣快效应的ＭＢＧ分量表,测量镇静效应的ＰＣＡＧ分量表和测量拟精神病效应的ＬＳＤ分量表的平均值分别是７３,６１和３４（Ｆ＝３８１２,Ｐ＜００１）;５７１％的曲马朵滥用者对曲马朵有不同程度的渴求（χ２＝７５８６,Ｐ＜００１）．结论：曲马朵在阿片成瘾者中具有较高滥用潜力．     

麻醉药品、精神药品及其滥用、成瘾和依赖性

类别代表药物(物质)中枢神经抑制剂中枢神经兴奋剂致幻剂挥发性溶剂酒类,巴比妥类和苯二氮卓镇静催眠药,阿片类苯丙胺类,可卡因类,烟草(尼古丁)和含咖啡因饮料大麻,麦角酰二乙胺(LSD),麦司卡林和裸盖菇素汽油、油漆、丙酮,四氯化碳等2005年11月1日,国务院颁布了新的《麻醉药品和精神药品管理条例》,为此,本文就麻醉药品、精神药品及其药物依赖性的一些基本问题介绍如下,供读者参考。1致依赖性物质的分类麻醉药品(亦称麻醉品)、精神药品和烟草、酒、挥发性溶剂等具有药物依赖性潜力的物质又称致依赖性物质,根据不同的标准和分类原则,分为药…     

The misuse and abuse of propofol

Media attention on the misuse of propofol increased significantly when the drug was implicated in the death of pop music superstar Michael Jackson in 2010. The misuse and abuse of propofol among healthcare providers has been reported worldwide, with some misuse resulting in death. Propofol policies guiding healthcare worker re-entry into the workplace after misusing propofol have received rare attention in the research literature. The paucity of information regarding propofol-specific re-entry policies suggests that little research has addressed this problem and the lack of research and policy guidance can contribute to unsafe re-entry and even death. This paper focuses on healthcare providers because they have an easy access to propofol and therefore are vulnerable to misusing or abusing the drug. To accomplish this, the pharmacology and misuse/abuse potential of propofol and the influence of the 12-step recovery paradigm in the re-entry literature are reviewed. In conclusion, existing research and policy are drawn upon to suggest employment re-entry guidelines for healthcare workers.     

Anti-HSV activity of digitoxin and its possible mechanisms

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) can establish latent infection in the nervous system and usually leads to life-threatening diseases in immunocompromised individuals upon reactivation. Treatment with conventional nucleoside analogue such as acyclovir is effective in most cases, but drug-resistance may arise due to prolonged treatment in immunocompromised individuals. In this study, we identified an in-use medication, digitoxin, which actively inhibited HSV-1 replication with a 50% effective concentration (EC₅₀) of 0.05 μM. The 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC₅₀) of digitoxin is 10.66 μM and the derived selective index is 213. Several structural analogues of digitoxin such as digoxin, ouabain octahydrate and G-strophanthin also showed anti-HSV activity. The inhibitory effects of digitoxin are likely to be introduced at the early stage of HSV-1 replication and the virus release stage. The observation that digitoxin can inhibit acyclovir-resistant viruses further implicates that digitoxin represents a novel drug class with distinct antiviral mechanisms from traditional drugs.     

Tilidine abuse and dependence

Tilidine (Valoren ^®) is a new strong analgesic which was introduced into the market in West Germany in 1970. In February 1978 tilidine was placed under the regulations of the German Narcotics Act because it had rapidly become an easily acquired substitute for opiates on the drug scene. Cases have become known where tilidine dependence developed during the treatment of pain in patients without any preceding addiction to other drugs. The relevant literature on tilidine is reviewed in regard to pharmacological, epidemiological and clinical aspects of tilidine dependence and abuse.