西安市中老年女性膳食营养及体力活动对体质相关指标的影响

目的研究营养及体力活动行为方式对中老年女性体质相关指标的影响,为制定干预措施提供基础资料。方法对西安市650名40～60岁中老年女性形态指标、机能指标、血生化指标和心理健康指标进行标准化测试,并进行膳食营养及体力活动问卷调查。结果除高密度脂蛋白外,体质其他相关指标均值在膳食营养的高能量摄入组和低能量摄人组间、体力活动的高能量消耗组和低能量消耗组间、高剩余能量组和低剩余能量组间差异有统计学意义（ρ〈0．01）;体重、BMI、体脂率、腹部皮褶厚度在低能量消耗组和中能量消耗组间差异有统计学意义（ρ〈O．01）;BMI、体脂率、腹部皮褶厚度在高剩余能量组与中剩余能量组间差异有统计学意义（ρ〈0．05）。结论合理的膳食能量摄人和适度且规律的体力活动能量消耗能改善身体形态和机能、消除心理障碍、提升健康。     

健康促进理论在体力活动促进中的应用

健康促进理论起源于行为学的认知心理学理论 ,在其自身的发展完善过程中借鉴和吸收了市场学、传播学、组织理论、生态学理论等多种社会学理论体系的成分。健康促进理论为健康促进项目提供了理论性的框架 ,在健康促进项目的设计、实施和评价中发挥着指导性作用。健康促进理论主要可以被概括为个体水平 ,人际水平和群组、社区水平 3个层面 ,另外 ,在健康促进实践中运用这 3个层面的健康促进理论时 ,可以借鉴和遵循PRECEDE -PROCEDE模式、社会市场学理论或生态学模式 ,以在操作中对各个层面上的健康促进理论进行组织和协调[1 ] 。规律的…     

上海市青少年体力活动现状与体质健康相关性研究

[目的]研究上海市青少年体力活动与体质健康的相关性,为制定青少年的体力活动推荐标准提供理论依据。[方法]应用体力活动问卷对1 378名11～17周岁的上海市青少年进行调查,并测量每位受试者的BMI、肺活量,测试耐力类项目,用统计学方法分析不同强度体力活动与体质健康指标的关系。[结果]中等强度体力活动(MPA)的能量消耗均值男为3 427.86～5170.29千焦/周,女为3 853.55～5 465.79千焦/周;大强度体力活动(VPA)的能量消耗均值男为3 404.73～7 724.49千焦/周,女为1 861.41～5 641.72千焦/周。不同性别闲暇静态活动时间≥2 h者超重和肥胖的检出率均明显高于闲暇静态活动时间<2 h的人群。MPA能耗、VPA能耗分别与BMI、肺活量和耐力素质不同等级间的相关性存在统计学差异。[结论]目前上海市青少年的体力活动基本达到国际推荐水平,体力活动模式存在着性别差异;闲暇静态活动时间长的人群超重肥胖的检出率高;体力活动的健康效应与能量消耗相关。     

体力活动相关环境对健康的影响

<正>随着各城市生态环境建设与城市健康城市建设要求的提出以及《国家环境与健康行动计划(2007年—2015年)》的正式启动,在城市化高速的发展背景下,对体质健康水平和生活方式问题的研究越显示出其研究的紧迫性,城市环境与体力活动的关系成为很多国家研究的热点。然而,我国的体力活动相关环境对健康影响方面的研究至今还鲜有报道,这是环境卫生学面临的又一探索性领域。     

社区综合干预对居民体力活动水平的短期影响

目的评价社区综合干预对杭州市3个社区成人体力活动水平的短期影响.方法采用平行对照、非随机分组的类实验设计,以杭州市下城区和拱墅区作为干预区,开展为期2年的社区综合干预,同期以西湖区作为对照区,并在干预前后通过两次独立横断面问卷调查评价社区综合干预对居民体力活动水平的短期影响.结果基线和随访各完成调查2016人(干预区1016人和对照区1000人).干预区居民在干预前后对体力活动益处的认知水平有下降趋势;对照区未见有统计学意义的变化.干预区居民总体力活动水平(代谢当量,MET-mir/w)由1204显著性增长到1386(P=0.023),对照区由918增长至924,变化的差异无统计学意义(P=0.201),控制调查对象年龄构成变化的可能影响后,结果不变.结论经2年干预,干预区人群总体力活动水平得到有益的改变.在杭州市城区针对居民体力活动水平开展以社区为基础的综合干预项目具有可行性和有效性.     

试析体力活动对血透患者健康的影响

目的 探索体力活动对血透患者健康的影响.方法 本研究采用体力活动回顾问卷、人类活动概况量表以及正常步速测定等方法.结果 死亡组有锻炼行为的患者不到半数,而存活组有超过一半的患者有锻炼行为;死亡组的轻、中度体力活动时间都比存活组少,而且PAR值也较存活组低,存活组的步行速度也较死亡组快.结论 医护人员应该加强对患者的健康教育,让患者认识到锻炼的重要性,鼓励和指导患者进行适当的锻炼,从而增强体质、促进健康.     

职业性体力活动及体质指数与子宫肌瘤关系

目的探讨职业性体力活动、体质指数（BMI）与中老年女性子宫肌瘤（UL）危险性之间的关系。方法采用以医院为基础的病例对照研究方法,抽取辽宁医学院附属第一医院、附属第三医院和锦州市妇婴医院,临床诊断为UL的353例患者为病例组,对照为同期入院并按年龄进行1∶1匹配未患UL的女性患者353例,采用自行设计的健康状况调查表和国际体力活动调查表进行问卷调查,同时测量其身高和体重;应用多因素logistic回归分析估计职业性体力活动、BMI与UL关联的比值比（OR）及其相应的95%可信区间（CI）。结果病例组与对照组年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度及家庭经济收入差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）;而病例组产次 ≥2的比例（34.28%）低于对照组（44.19%）（P=0.026）。进行适度的职业性体力活动可使发生UL的危险性降低（OR=0.679,95%CI=0.480~0.925,P=0.007）。与BMI正常者比较,超重或肥胖者发生UL的危险性均升高（OR=1.571,95%CI=1.053~2.182,P=0.001;OR=1.875,95%CI=1.191~2.774,P=0.002）。BMI正常者（18.50~23.99 kg/m²）进行适度职业性体力活动可降低发生UL的危险性（OR=0.455,95%CI=0.215~0.960,P=0.039）。与代谢当量（MET）最低四分位数者比较,MET为第三个四分位数的超重者（BMI：24.00~27.99 kg/m²）发生UL的危险性下降（OR=0.389,95%CI=0.182~0.832,P=0.015）。结论进行适度的体力活动,维持正常的BMI,可能有助于预防UL的发生和发展。     

陕西成人体力活动与体质指数的相关性

目的分析陕西省成人体力活动与体质指数(body mass index, BMI)的关系。方法利用2013年全国慢病危险因素调查陕西省数据,以全球体力活动调查问卷分析指南(GPAQ Analysis Guide)为标准计算充足体力活动和高强度体力活动,应用两水平(监测点-个人)混合效应模型及分位数回归分析体力活动和BMI的关系。结果陕西省被调查居民中,达到充足体力活动和高强度体力活动的比例分别为88.97%和30.68%,调整社会人口学特征、饮食习惯和生活习惯(吸烟和饮酒)后,充足体力活动与非充足体力活动者相比,BMI均值高0.254 (β=0.254,95%CI 0.002~0.507)。调整社会人口学特征和饮食习惯后,高强度体力活动者BMI均值较不进行高强度体力活动者低0.046~0.227,但调整了吸烟和饮酒后,高强度体力活动与BMI之间差异无统计学意义(β=-0.170,95%CI-0.355~0.014)。分位数回归分析发现BMI和体力活动的伴随关系,当BMI≤21.68,BMI随体力活动的增加而增加(β=0.109~0.223,P<0.05),当BMI>28.64,BMI随体力活动的增加而降低(β=-0.4052^-0.2081,P<0.05)。结论陕西成人满足WHO推荐的充足体力活动者BMI均值较高,而高强度体力活动者BMI均值较低,且体力活动对不同BMI作用不同。     

体力活动与健康

都市生活十分繁忙,而现代人越来越缺乏体力活动。请问你是否觉得自己的体力越来越差了？是否想做点运动却不知道哪一种更适合自己？让我们来了解一下体力活动所带来的好处,以及不同人群所适用的锻炼方式吧。     

成都市大学新生膳食状况和体力活动水平与体质状况关系调查

目的探讨膳食和体力活动状况对大学新生体质的影响。方法选取成都市五所高校一年级新生1200人,采用半定量食物频率问卷和国际体力活动问卷结合体质测试进行调查。结果与调查对象体质关系密切的营养素是铁、锌、硒、维生素E等微量营养素,体力活动水平、静坐时间及身体匀称程度对学生体质有较大影响。结论增加体力活动与膳食营养,有利于大学生培养健康的生活习惯。     

Comparability of health information activities—a co-ordinated framework for health information activities on nutrition and physical activity in the EU, EEA and candidate countries

Background  Many health information activities related to nutrition and physical activity have been initiated in recent years by several institutions at the national and international level as well as by European networks. A multitude of projects with different scopes and methodologies has arisen. This variety makes it necessary to bring the results of these activities into a co-ordinated framework. Aim  The report “Nutrition and physical activity—health information sources in EU Member States, and activities in the Commission, WHO, and European networks” aims to give a structured overview of the availability of routinely repeated or repeatable data on the health determinants nutrition and physical activity in European countries. Results  The report provides a structured overview of health information activities related to nutrition and physical activity as well as a state-of-the-art investigation about available data in European countries. Conclusion  It was the intention of the report to give an overview of existing health information activities related to nutrition and physical activity covering actions in all countries belonging to the European Union up to 2006, the European Economic Area and all candidate countries and including all age groups. A multitude of health information activities related to nutrition and physical activity were considered. Common data reporting guidelines and standardised methods, which encompass public and private sector health information activities, should be developed. Regular revision and adaptation concerning developed strategies, policies and practices as needed for health and population dimensions have to be realised. In order to provide for concerted action in health policy at the European level, quality, relevant and timely data are needed.     

儿童体格发育与膳食营养的关系研究

目的了解洪雅县托幼机构儿童膳食营养情况,分析与体格发育的关系,以指导膳食工作。方法采用记账和称重法对8所幼儿园膳食情况进行调查,并进行身高、体重和血色素等测定,分析膳食营养与体格发育的关系。结果幼儿园中膳食营养素和能量基本上能满足要求,膳食结构较合理,但部分营养素含量不足或结构不合理,铁的摄入量与贫血的患病率呈负相关。结论洪雅县幼儿园膳食总体上较合理,但应进一步改善,以促进儿童体格发育。     

Heavy drinking and health promotion activities

Empirical evidence suggests that individuals who consume relatively large amounts of alcohol are more likely to use expensive acute medical care and less likely to use preventive or ambulatory services than other individuals. The few studies that investigated the associations between heavy drinking and health promotion activities did not try to address omitted-variable biases that may confound the relationships. To fill this void in the literature, we examined the effects of heavy alcohol use on three health promotion activities (routine physical exam, flu shot, regular seatbelt use) using the US 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. Although specification tests indicated that omitted variable bias was not present in the majority of the single-equation probit models, we cautiously interpret our findings as evidence of strong associations rather than causal effects. Among both men and women, heavy alcohol use is negatively and significantly associated with each of our three outcomes. These findings suggest that heavy drinkers may be investing less in health promotion activities relative to abstainers and other drinkers. Policy options to address the associated externalities may be warranted.     

上海市崇明县健康促进志愿者健康传播技能与活动效果调查

目的了解上海市崇明县健康促进志愿者的健康传播技能掌握情况并评价相关活动的效果。方法采用问卷调查法对101名健康促进志愿者健康传播技能与活动效果进行调查。结果健康促进志愿者在专业词汇、常见阈值、常见病症状解释3方面技能掌握率平均达到70.6%,健康咨询点开放时间的知晓率2008年较2007年增长34.5%,2008年对免费测血压服务满意的居民占调查总数的80.5%。结论崇明县健康促进志愿者健康传播技能的掌握仍有上升空间,所开展的活动已经得到认可。今后需继续增加投入,建立健康促进志愿者培训机制,增加咨询点的功能。     

Relationship between maternal physical activities and preterm birth

A cross-sectional study was conducted in three Municipal Health Centers located in Aichi prefecture, central Japan. The main purpose of this study was to verify the interaction between maternal leisure-time physical activities prior to and/or during pregnancy and preterm birth and also, to determine the risk factors related to preterm birth. In this study of the 2,682 questionnaires delivered within one year to mothers or relatives at the Municipal Health Centers, 1,714 questionnaires were analyzed. In a univariate analysis the results showed that mothers who had a previous low birthweight or a premature baby, or who were hospitalized during pregnancy before the 37^th week of gestation, or had an occupational activity, or carried out their household chores, or were sick, or received much medical advice and did not exercise were more likely to have a preterm baby. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, maternal hospitalization before the 37^th week of gestation and occupational activities were significant determinants associated with preterm birth. Thus, it was verified that maternal leisure-time physical activities prior to and/or during pregnancy were not related to preterm birth.     

推行综合目标管理责任制 促进妇幼卫生工作

本文介绍了淄博市在全市范围内推行综合目标管理责任制的做法、成效和体会。两年多的实践证明,这个改革措施推动了妇幼卫生事业的发展。     

Household collectives: resituating health promotion and physical activity

In this article, we situate the practices of health and physical activity in household collectives, and conceptualise everyday health ‘behaviour’ and lifestyle as complex, collective practices. Based on an ethnographic study on everyday family life and health practices, we provide a framework for understanding the household as a collective, where the household collective may take precedence over individual preferences, and individual behaviour has collective implications. We describe the household as a node for practices, gathered by the activities that draw together and align actors in collective practices of everyday life. In the everyday efforts of the households to live up to ideals and balance conflicting practices, healthy living is about more than simple, individual choices about whether to follow health recommendations or not. It is also dependent on pragmatic negotiations, the distribution of roles and tasks and conflicts between ideals and what is feasible in the everyday management and maintaining of the household. We suggest that engaging with these collectives could serve as a useful point of departure for health promotion activities, situating health promotion in the here and now of collectives, tinkering with their specific constellations, values and identities in the entangledness of multiple household practices.     

Physical activity promotion: A local and state health department perspective

Local and state health departments are well-positioned to serve as catalysts for the institutional and community changes needed to increase physical activity across the population. Efforts should focus on evidence-based strategies, including promotion of high-quality physical education in schools, social support networks and structured programs for physical activity in communities, and organizational practices, policies, and programs that promote physical activity in the workplace. Health departments must also focus on land use and transportation practices and policies in communities where the built environment creates major impediments to physical activity, particularly in economically disadvantaged communities disproportionately burdened by chronic disease.