吡格列酮二甲双胍片联合甘精胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病患者的疗效分析

目的探讨吡格列酮二甲双胍片对2型糖尿病患者血糖、血脂以及临床疗效的影响。方法选择2型糖尿病患者60例,对照组常规治疗,观察组常规治疗基础上加服吡格列酮二甲双胍片,对比两组临床疗效以及血糖、血脂的变化情况。结果两组患者的血糖、血脂以及Hb A1C水平均有所下降,但观察组的下降程度明显高于对照组,两组患者均未出现严重不良反应。结论吡格列酮二甲双胍片治疗2型糖尿病能增加胰岛素敏感性,有效控制血糖,同时还可减少胰岛素用量,明显改善临床症状。     

吡格列酮和二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病的疗效及改善胰岛素敏感作用分析

目的分析吡格列酮和二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病的疗效及改善胰岛素敏感作用。方法随机抽取我院自2015年3月~2016年3月收治的2型糖尿病患者100例,分为A组和B组,各50例。B组采用二甲双胍治疗,A组在B组的基础上联用吡格列酮。对比两组患者治疗后的血糖情况以及胰岛素指标。结果 A组患者治疗后的血糖情况以及胰岛素指标均明显优于B组的,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论吡格列酮与二甲双胍联合治疗2型糖尿病取得了显著的效果,改善了胰岛素的敏感性,值得进一步推广和使用。     

吡格列酮和二甲双胍对2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的　观察吡格列酮和二甲双胍治疗对 2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗 (IR)的影响。方法 5 0例血糖控制不良的 2型糖尿病患者在原治疗方案下 ,随机给予盐酸吡格列酮片 3 0mg(2片 ) 1次 /日和模拟二甲双胍片 (1片 ) 2次 /日 ,即吡格列酮组 ;或随机给予盐酸二甲双胍片 5 0 0mg(1片 ) 2次 /日和模拟吡格列酮片 (2片 ) 1次 /日 ,即二甲双胍组 ,所有治疗疗程 12周。结果　在两组患者取得相当降糖疗效基础上 ,二甲双胍组和吡格列酮组在治疗后空腹和馒头餐后C肽水平均较用药前有明显降低、IR稍有降低 ,β细胞功能明显改善。吡格列酮在减低餐后胰岛素、改善IR方面优于二甲双胍。两种药物治疗前后血游离脂肪酸水平则差异未见显著性。结论　吡格列酮和二甲双胍均能有效地降低IR和改善 β细胞功能。在改善IR方面 ,吡格列酮稍优于二甲双胍。     

二甲双胍对2型糖尿病患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的研究二甲双胍对2型糖尿病患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法 93例血糖控制不满意的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者随机分为二甲双胍组(500 mg,3次/d)及吡格列酮组(15 mg,1次/d),疗程12个月。观察血管内皮功能的变化。结果与治疗前相比,治疗12个月后两组患者的血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)均显著下降,空腹及餐后胰岛素水平、胰岛素功能均显著升高(均P0.05)。治疗12个月后两组患者血糖、IRI、胰岛素水平、胰岛素功能比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);但治疗12个月后二甲双胍组的体质指数(BMI)低于吡格列酮组(P0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗12个月后两组患者的血管内皮功能均显著改善(均P0.05),但治疗12个月后二甲双胍组的血管内皮功能改善优于吡格列酮组(P0.05)。结论二甲双胍与吡格列酮两种药物对T2DM患者均具有明显的降糖、改善胰岛素功能、降低胰岛素抵抗(IR)及改善血管内皮功能的作用。在降低BMI及改善血管内皮功能方面,二甲双胍优于吡格列酮。     

二甲双胍和吡格列酮对糖尿病大鼠胃组织胃促生长素表达的影响

目的 探讨2型糖尿病大鼠分别用二甲双胍和吡格列酮治疗后血浆和胃组织胃促生长素(ghrelin)水平的变化及其与胰岛素敏感性的关系.方法 38只清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(n＝7)、糖尿病对照组(n＝9)、二甲双胍治疗组(n＝9)、吡格列酮治疗组(n＝9).高糖高脂饮食加小剂量链脲佐菌素建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,成模大鼠分别给予生理盐水、二甲双胍和吡格列酮干预8 w,酶联免疫法检测血浆ghrelin水平,免疫组织化学法检测胃组织中ghrelin的表达水平.结果 二甲双胍组和吡格列酮组血浆及胃组织中ghrelin水平较糖尿病对照组均显著升高(均P＜0.01).相关分析显示:糖尿病对照组、二甲双胍组及吡格列酮组血浆ghrelin与空腹胰岛素呈负相关,与胰岛素敏感性(ISI)呈正相关.结论 二甲双胍和吡格列酮可升高2型糖尿病大鼠血浆及胃组织中ghrelin水平,改善胰岛素抵抗.     

探究利格列汀对二甲双胍联合吡格列酮控制不佳的2型糖尿病治疗效果

目的探究利格列汀对二甲双胍联合吡格列酮控制不佳的2型糖尿病治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2015年10月—2017年5月采用二甲双胍联合吡格列酮治疗效果不佳的2型糖尿病患者的病例资料,抽取其中一般资料差异无统计学意义的72例患者作为研究对象。依据治疗方式的不同分成对照组(36例)和观察组(36例)。给予对照组患者除了二甲双胍联合吡格列酮治疗外,再加上安慰剂进行治疗;而观察组则是二甲双胍+吡格列酮+利格列汀进行治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后的血糖水平,空腹胰岛素、胰岛β细胞功能指数和胰岛素抵抗指数等指标,以及治疗期间的不良反应。结果经治疗,观察组血糖水平,空腹胰岛素、胰岛β细胞功能指数和胰岛素抵抗指数等指标均优于对照组患者,且不良反应发生率低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论将利格列汀应用在经二甲双胍联合吡格列酮治疗却控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者中,能够加强患者的血糖稳定,控制病情,提高临床效果。     

吡格列酮联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病的临床观察

T_2DM将161例单药血糖控制不佳的患者随机分为,吡格列酮+二甲双胍组(30mg q.d+500mg bid)为观察组、二甲双胍组(1000mg bid)为对照组。结果吡格列酮+二甲双胍组较二甲双胍单药组Hb Alc、AST、Cr、FBG下降更为明显。结论对于T_2DM,吡格列酮联合二甲双胍控制血糖效果优于极量单药二甲双胍。     

二甲双胍和吡格列酮对男性2型糖尿病患者骨代谢指标的影响

目的了解二甲双胍和吡格列酮对男性2型糖尿病患者骨代谢指标的影响。方法将口服降糖治疗的90例男性2型糖尿病患者随机分为格列吡嗪组、格列吡嗪＋二甲双胍组和格列吡嗪＋吡格列酮组3组,治疗1年。治疗前后检测患者的空腹血糖（FBS）、空腹胰岛素（Ins）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、骨钙素、尿吡啶酚／尿肌酐（尿PYD／Cr）。采用双能x线骨密度测量仪测量腰椎、髋部骨密度。结果二甲双胍组腰椎骨密度平均增加0．49％,髋部骨密度平均增加1．82％。而吡格列酮组腰椎、髋部骨密度分别下降1．46％和1．97％左右。治疗后二甲双胍组髋部骨密度明显高于吡格列酮组。结论与吡格列酮组比较,二甲双胍能明显增加男性糖尿病患者髋部骨密度。     

利格列汀对二甲双胍联合吡格列酮控制不佳的2型糖尿病临床治疗效果

目的观察分析利格列汀对二甲双胍联合吡格列酮控制不佳的2型糖尿病的临床治疗效果。方法随机选取2014年9月—2015年9月收治的92例服用二甲双胍与吡格列酮4周后病情控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者,并将其分为观察组与对照组,每组46例。对照组患者在前药的基础上增加安慰剂进行治疗,给予观察组患者利格列汀联合二甲双胍及吡格列酮治疗,观察两组患者相关指标的变化情况。结果观察组患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、体质量指数及糖化血红蛋白均有明显下降(P0.05),对照组患者除空腹血糖外,相关指标水平无变化(P0.05)。结论利格列汀与二甲双胍及吡格列酮联合控制2型糖尿病患者的血糖及体质量的效果较二甲双胍联合吡格列酮优,值得在临床中推广应用。     

吡格列酮对2型糖尿病的血脂干预效果观察

目的观察吡格列酮对2型糖尿病的血脂干预效果。方法选取2012年1月—2016年10月,该院门诊诊治的2型糖尿病合并高脂血症患者110例,随机分为观察组(55例)和对照组(55例)。组均予糖尿病饮食、适度运动,口服二甲双胍等基础治疗,观察组在基础治疗的同时,加服吡格列酮,疗程为3个月。观察两组治疗前后血糖(FPG、Hb A1c)、血脂(TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C)水平,并进行比较。结果两组治疗前血糖及血脂水平相当,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组治疗后血糖及甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平较治疗前均有下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且观察组治疗后甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白下降幅度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论二甲双胍和吡格列酮均有降低血糖和改善胰岛素抵抗作用,但吡格列酮在降低血脂方面更有优势。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.