老年脓毒症患者APACHEⅡ评分与降钙素原及C-反应蛋白的相关性

目的探讨老年脓毒症患者急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统(APACHE)Ⅱ与降钙素原(PCT)及C-反应蛋白(CRP)的相关性。方法选取108例老年脓毒症患者,按APACHEⅡ评分结果分为低危组35例、中危组43例、高危组30例;按治疗结果分为两个亚组:好转组(75例)和恶化组(33例),另选取同期50例老年非脓毒症患者为对照,比较各组间APACHEⅡ评分、PCT及CRP水平,并分析老年脓毒症患者APACHEⅡ评分与PCT及CRP的相关性。结果老年脓毒症组APACHEⅡ评分、PCT及CRP水平均显著高于老年非脓毒症组(P0.05);中、高危组PCT、CRP水平均显著高于低危组(P0.05),高危组PCT、CRP水平均显著高于中危组(P0.05);好转组3、7 d APACHEⅡ评分、PCT及第7天CRP水平均显著低于第1天(P0.05),恶化组的第3、7天APACHEⅡ评分、PCT及CRP水平均显著高于第1天(P0.05),恶化组3、7 d APACHEⅡ评分、PCT及CRP水平均显著高于好转组第3、7天(P0.05);老年脓毒症患者PCT与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关(r=0.858,P0.05),CRP与APACHEⅡ评分无显著相关性(P0.05)。结论老年脓毒症患者PCT水平与APACHEⅡ评分相关,PCT水平可反映老年脓毒症患者病情程度。     

血清PCT、CRP、cTnI及NT-proBNP水平与感染性休克患者病情危重程度的相关性研究

目的:探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(c Tn I)及N-末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平与感染性休克患者病情危重程度及预后的相关性。方法:回顾性分析72例感染性休克患者的临床资料,根据治疗后30 d生存情况将其分为存活组(45例)与死亡组(27例)。观察并比较2组患者入院时及治疗后6、12、24 h的血清PCT、CRP、c Tn I及NT-proBNP水平及急性生理与慢性健康评估(APCHEⅡ)评分与序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分,两变量之间的相关性采用Spearman等级相关分析。结果:治疗后6、12、24 h,存活组患者血清PCT、CRP、c Tn I及NT-proBNP水平较入院时明显降低,而死亡组明显升高(均P 0. 05);且存活组患者各时间点血清PCT、CRP、c Tn I及NT-proBNP水平明显低于死亡组(均P 0. 05)。治疗后6、12、24 h,存活组患者APACHEⅡ评分与SOFA评分依次降低,死亡组患者依次升高,且存活组患者各时间点APACHEⅡ评分与SOFA评分明显低于死亡组(均P 0. 05)。Spearman等级相关分析表明,感染性休克患者APACHEⅡ评分与血清PCT、CRP、c Tn I及NT-proBNP水平呈正相关性(r值分别为0. 563、0. 895、0. 701、0. 627,均P 0. 05); SOFA评分与血清PCT、CRP、c Tn I及NT-proBNP水平呈正相关性(r值依次为0. 547、0. 753、0. 916、0. 708,均P 0. 05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示APACHEⅡ评分(OR=2. 163,95%CI:1. 271～3. 697)、SOFA评分(OR=1. 594,95%CI:1. 035～2. 268)、PCT (OR=2. 429,95%CI:1. 764～3. 271)、CRP(OR=1. 568,95%CI:1. 023～2. 734)、c Tn I (OR=1. 871,95%CI:1. 315～3. 498)、NTpro BNP(OR=1. 435,95%CI:0. 932～1. 942)为感染性休克患者预后的独立影响因素(均P 0. 05)。结论:血清PCT、CRP、c Tn I及NT-proBNP水平较高的感染性休克患者病情较严重,生存情况较差。APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、血清PCT、CRP、c Tn I、NT-proBNP水平均为感染性休克患者预后的独立影响因素。     

动态监测老年重症肺炎患者血乳酸、胆碱酯酶及前白蛋白的临床意义

目的:探讨动态监测血乳酸(LAC)和胆碱酯酶(CHE)、前白蛋白(PA)水平对判断老年重症肺炎患者病情严重程度及预后的意义。方法:40例老年重症肺炎患者入院后第1、4、7天分别进行血LAC、CHE和PA检测,并行APACHEⅡ评分,根据预后分为死亡组和治愈组,同时选取40例健康体检老年人为对照组,进行分析比较。结果:与健康组比较,老年重症肺炎患者入院第1天LAC明显增高,CHE及PA明显降低(P0.01);死亡组第4天、第7天LAC明显高于治愈组,CHE及PA水平显著低于治愈组(均P0.01)。血CHE及PA与APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关(r分别为-0.576及-0.389,均P0.01);血LAC与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关(r=0.665,P0.01)。结论:联合动态监测血LAC、CHE及PA水平变化趋势有助于老年重症肺炎病情的监测及预后的判断。     

PAB、CRP、ApoA1及CHE的检测对评估重症肺炎患者预后的价值

目的探讨PAB、CRP、Apo A1及CHE的检测对评估重症肺炎患者预后的价值。方法选取125例重症肺炎患者作为研究对象。根据预后情况将患者划分为存活组和死亡组。于患者入住ICU内第1个24 h,记录APACHEⅡ参数值,计算APACHEⅡ评分;于患者入住ICU的24 h内,检测患者的前清蛋白(prealbumin,PAB)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、载脂蛋白A1(apolipoprotein A1,Apo A1)和胆碱酯酶(cholinesterase,CHE)水平。通过ROC曲线下的面积(AUC)评估各指标对重症肺炎患者预后的预测价值。结果存活组的PAB、CHE和Apo A1水平均显著高于死亡组,差异有统计学意义(P0.001);而存活组的CRP水平、APACHEⅡ评分均显著低于死亡组,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。PAB、CHE、Apo A1、APACHEⅡ和CRP的AUC分别为0.911、0.900、0.894、0.922和0.892,对重症肺炎患者预后的预测有统计学意义(P0.001)。结论除APACHEⅡ评分系统外,PAB、CHE、Apo A1、APACHEⅡ和CRP可以有效评估重症肺炎患者的预后。     

连续性血液净化对高降钙素原水平脓毒症患者的影响

目的:研究血清降钙素原(PCT)水平与脓毒症严重程度的相关性及连续性血液净化治疗(CBP)对高PCT水平脓毒症患者的影响。方法:41例重症脓毒症患者随机分为常规治疗组(对照组)和早期CBP组,比较2组患者入院后0、24、48、96h血清PCT水平、急性生理与慢性健康状况评分(APACHEⅡ)、序贯器官功能衰竭评分(SOFA)、住ICU时间以及28 d病死率。结果:治疗前血PCT水平与APACHEⅡ评分存在显著正相关(r=0.604,P0.01)。早期CBP组治疗后24 h和48 h的APACHEⅡ评分和SOFA评分均明显低于对照组(均P0.05)。早期CBP组ICU住院天数相对较短、28 d病死率有降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:血清PCT水平与脓毒症病情的严重程度密切相关,血PCT水平越高,病情越危重。对高PCT水平脓毒症患者,尽早给予CBP治疗,可以减轻组织器官的损伤。     

连续性血液净化治疗对重症肺炎患者血清降钙素原水平的影响

目的动态监测连续性血液净化治疗(CBP)在治疗重症肺炎时血清降钙素原(PCT)水平的变化规律,探讨血清PCT水平与重症肺炎病情严重程度的关系及CBP对重症肺炎患者的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析重症肺炎患者共30例,分为常规治疗组(抗感染及呼吸机辅助通气等治疗)12例和CBP治疗组(在常规治疗基础上给予CBP)18例。比较2组死亡率,同时分析比较2组治疗前及治疗后24 h、48 h、72 h各时间点急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHEⅡ评分)及血清PCT的变化。结果常规治疗组死亡5例,CBP治疗组死亡2例;与治疗前比较,常规治疗组经治疗后各时间点患者APACHEⅡ评分及血清PCT水平变化不明显(P0.05),而CBP治疗组治疗72 h后,患者APACHEⅡ评分及血清PCT水平均显著降低(P0.01)。结论 CBP能降低重症肺炎患者早期血清PCT水平,降低重症肺炎的炎症反应,改善临床转归,是临床治疗重症肺炎患者的有效手段,具有重要临床应用价值。     

老年重症肺炎血清胆碱酯酶、前白蛋白与预后

目的了解老年重症肺炎血清胆碱酯酶(CHE)、前白蛋白(PA)变化特点及临床意义。方法 47例老年重症肺炎患者,治疗后按转归分为治愈/存活组(A组)24例和未愈/死亡组(B组)23例,均于入组当天检测血清CHE、PA、CRP,并行APACHEⅡ评分;于入组第3天检测血清CHE、PA。20例健康老年人为对照组(C组)。结果与A组比较,B组第1天及第3天血清CHE、PA均明显降低(P均<0.01);CRP及APACHEⅡ评分均明显增高(P均<0.01)。两组与C组比较,血清CHE、PA均明显降低(P均<0.01)。APACHEⅡ评分与血清CHE及PA呈负相关,r分别为-0.568及-0.399(P均<0.01)。结论血清CHE、PA的变化能反映老年重症肺炎病情严重程度及预后。     

老年重症肺炎患者动态监测血乳酸、胆碱酯酶及前白蛋白的临床意义

【 】目的 探讨动态监测血乳酸(LAC)和胆碱酯酶(CHE)、前白蛋白（PA）水平对判断老年重症肺炎患者病情严重程度及预后的意义。方法 40例老年重症肺炎患者入院后第1、4、7天分别进行血LAC、CHE和PA 检测，并行APACHE Ⅱ评分，根据预后将40例老年重症肺炎患者分为死亡组和治愈组，同时选取40例健康体检老年人为对照组，进行分析比较。 结果 老年重症肺炎患者与健康组比较，入院第1天LAC明显增高，CHE及PA明显降低，P＜0.01；死亡组第4、第7天LAC明显高于治愈组，P＜0.01,第4、第7天CHE及PA水平显著低于存活组，P＜0.01。血CHE及PA与APACHE Ⅱ评分呈负相关，r分别为-0.576及-0.389，P均＜0.01；血LAC与APACHE Ⅱ评分呈正相关，r=0.665，P ＜0.01。结论 联合、动态监测血LAC、CHE及PA水平变化趋势有助于老年重症肺炎病情的监测及预后的判断。     

肝功能指标对脓毒症患者预后预测价值研究

目的探讨肝功能指标对脓毒症患者预后预测价值。方法选择2017年2月至2019年5月在山西医科大学第二临床医学院接受治疗的108例脓毒症患者进行回顾性分析。收集患者肝功能指标:谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、白蛋白(ALB)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)、总胆红素(TBiL)、总胆汁酸(TTBA)及前白蛋白(PA)及APACHEⅡ评分。根据患者APACHEⅡ评分将其分为三组,15分者为A组,15～20分者为B组, 20分者为C组,对比各组患者肝功能指标。再根据患者28 d预后情况将其分为存活组与死亡组,对比各组患者肝功能指标。并将肝功能指标与APACHEⅡ评分进行相关性分析,以ROC曲线分析肝功能指标对脓毒症患者死亡的预测价值。结果不同APACHEⅡ评分患者GGT、PA水平对比差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05),不同APACHEⅡ评分患者ALT、AST、TBiL及TBA水平差异具有统计学意义,且A组 B组 C组(P 0. 05);不同APACHEⅡ评分患者ALB与CHE水平差异均具有统计学意义,且A组B组C组(P 0. 05)。不同预后情况患者GGT、PA水平对比差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05),生存组ALT、AST、TBiL、TBA及APACHEⅡ评分均明显低于死亡组,生存组ALB与CHE均明显高于死亡组(P 0. 05)。相关性分析结果显示,GGT、PA与APACHEⅡ评分不具有显著相关性(P 0. 05),ALT、AST、TBiL及TBA均与APACHEⅡ评分呈显著正相关关系(r 0,P 0. 05); ALB及CHE均与APACHEⅡ评分呈显著负相关关系(r 0,P 0. 05)。ROC分析结果显示肝功能指标中除GGT、PA对脓毒症患者死亡预测价值不具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)外,ALT、AST、ALB、CHE、TBiL及TBA对脓毒症患者死亡预测价值均具有统计学意义,且联合诊断可明显提高诊断敏感度及特异性(P 0. 05)。结论 ALT、AST、ALB、CHE、TBiL及TBA对脓毒症患者死亡具有较高的预测价值,且上述指标联合检测可提高预测的敏感度及特异性,临床上可通过检测上述指标以预测脓毒症患者预后,为治疗方案的选择提供参考依据。     

APACH Ⅱ评分及降钙素原联合应用于重症肺炎患者的价值

目的 探讨APACHE Ⅱ评分及降钙素原（PCT）动态监测重症肺炎患者的价值.方法 对入住我院ICU的重症肺炎患者共215例进行APACHE Ⅱ评分及PCT的动态监测,比较死亡组和存活组APACHE II评分及PCT数值的关系.结果 患者进入ICU第1天死亡组和存活组PCT检测结果及APACHE Ⅱ评分比较差异无统计学意义.此后存活组PCT检测结果及APACHE Ⅱ评分开始明显下降,直至治疗结束前均呈下降趋势,而死亡组PCT检测结果及APACHE Ⅱ评分较之前明显升高,而且呈逐渐上升趋势,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 动态监测APACH Ⅱ评分与PCT结果成正相关,APACH Ⅱ评分与PCT数值越高,病情就越重,死亡率也越高.     

肺炎合并脓毒症患者血清降钙素原、超敏C反应蛋白水平变化及其临床意义

目的分析肺炎合并脓毒症患者血清降钙素原(PCT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)水平的变化及其意义。方法将我院ICU住院的肺炎合并脓毒症104例患者根据病情分为脓毒症组36例,严重脓毒症组37例,脓毒性休克组31例,并选择同期单纯肺炎患者40例。同时根据脓毒症患者是否于2周内的存活情况分为存活组和死亡组。结果三组脓毒血症患者血清PCT、hsCRP水平、APACHEⅡ评分较对照组明显升高,且随着病情的加重,患者血清PCT、APACHEⅡ评分依次增加(P<0.05)。死亡组血清PCT水平较存活组显著升高(P<0.05),而两组hsCRP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论肺炎合并脓毒症患者血清PCT、hsCRP水平均呈高表达状态,PCT水平的检测可以作为肺炎合并脓毒血症患者的病情严重程度以及预后的评价指标。     

低分子肝素对老年重症肺炎患者预后的影响

目的探讨低分子肝素抗凝治疗对老年重症肺炎预后的影响。方法选取2018年1月至2019年1月入住北京世纪坛医院呼吸与危重症医学科重症监护病房(RICU)的年龄≥65岁的重症肺炎患者100例,利用随机数字表分为两组,对照组给予常规治疗,试验组在常规治疗基础上加用低分子肝素4000 U皮下注射,每日1次,治疗14 d。分别于治疗前及治疗第3、7、14天比较两组患者急性生理和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)评分、血气分析、凝血指标、D二聚体、血常规、C反应蛋白、降钙素原,以及28天死亡率、出血率、深静脉血栓形成率。结果治疗前,两组患者的基本资料和APACHEⅡ评分差异无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗第3天,两组患者的APACHEⅡ评分、D二聚体、白细胞、中性粒细胞百分比和C反应蛋白水平无显著差异。治疗第7天、14天,试验组的上述指标显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。血气分析显示,仅在治疗第14天,试验组乳酸水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者凝血指标和降钙素原差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组的28天平均死亡率为8%,显著低于对照组(24%,P<0.05)。两组患者出血发生率无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验组深静脉血栓形成率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论临床上对老年重症肺炎患者应用低分子肝素辅助治疗,可减少APACHEⅡ评分,降低28天死亡率,减少医院内深静脉血栓的发生。     

Procalcitionin as a diagnostic marker to distinguish upper and lower gastrointestinal perforation

AIM To assess the accuracy of serum procalcitionin(PCT)as a diagnostic marker in verifying upper and lower gastrointestinal perforation(GIP).METHODS This retrospective study included 46 patients from the surgical intensive care unit(ICU)of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University who were confirmed to have GIP between June 2013 and December 2016.Demographic and clinical patient data were recorded on admission to ICU.Patients were divided into upper(n=19)and lower(n=27)GIP groups according to the perforation site(above or below Treitz ligament).PCT and WBC count was obtained before laparotomy and then compared between groups.Meanwhile,the diagnostic accuracy of PCT was analyzed.RESULTS Patients with lower GIP exhibited significantly higher APACHE II score,SOFA score and serum PCT level than patients with upper GIP(P=0.017,0.004,and0.001,respectively).There was a significant positive correlation between serum PCT level and APACHE II score or SOFA score(r=0.715 and r=0.611,respectively),while there was a significant negative correlation between serum PCT level and prognosis(r=-0.414).WBC count was not significantly different between the two groups,and WBC count showed no significant correlation with serum PCT level,APACHE II score,SOFA score or prognosis.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PCT level to distinguish upper or lower GIP was 0.778.Patients with a serum PCT level above 17.94 ng/d L had a high likelihood of lower GIP,with a sensitivity of 100%and a specificity of 42.1%.CONCLUSION Serum PCT level is a reliable and accurate diagnostic marker in identifying upper or lower GIP before laparotomy.     

Multisystem organ failure predicts mortality of ICU patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to AIDS-related PCP.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of a variety of scoring systems to predict mortality of patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with acute respiratory failure (ARF) secondary to AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). METHODS: All patients with AIDS-related PCP admitted to ICU at St. Paul's Hospital between January 1, 1985 and April 1, 1991 were reviewed. For each case, the following scores were calculated from data obtained within 24 h of ICU admission: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II); acute lung injury score; AIDS score as described by Justice and Feinstein; and modified multisystem organ failure (MSOF) score. The serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was also recorded when obtained within 24 h of ICU admission. RESULTS: A total of 52 ICU admissions in 51 patients were studied. Overall mortality was 65 percent. Mortality increased with increasing MSOF (p < 0.05) score and LDH (p < 0.05). Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the MSOF score and the LDH were found to be good predictors of mortality. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the MSOF score was the only independent predictor of mortality (p < 0.05). The AIDS score, APACHE II, and the acute lung injury score were not significantly associated with mortality. Addition of the serum LDH level improved the performance of both the MSOF and AIDS scores, though the AIDS score plus LDH performed no better than the LDH alone. Of all the scores tested, the MSOF plus LDH level was the best (p < 0.005) predictor of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The modified MSOF score and the serum LDH level are the best predictors of mortality of patients admitted to ICU with ARF secondary to AIDS-related PCP. The performance of the MSOF score was enhanced when the LDH level was added. The AIDS score, APACHE II, and the acute lung injury score were not found to be useful in this group of critically ill patients.     

C反应蛋白和降钙素原在急诊重症监护室的应用

目的研究c反应蛋白（CRP）和降钙素原（PCT）对监护室患者合并感染的鉴别意义和对脓毒症患者预后的评估作用。方法收集我院急诊监护室患者102例,分为脓毒症和非脓毒症组,比较两组入院时CRP、PCT和急性生理和慢性健康状况（APACHE）II评分的区别;比较脓毒症组中的死亡患者与存活患者第7d的CRP和PCT与第1d的差别。结果脓毒症组患者人院时CRP和PCT大于非脓毒症患者（P=0．001）,APACHEII评分无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;脓毒症死亡患者第7d的CRP和PCT与第1d比较无差异差别（P〉0．05）,脓毒症存活患者第7d的CRP和PCT较第1d明显下降（P=0．001）。结论CRP和PCT可以鉴别监护室患者是否合并感染。动态监测CRP和PCT对预测脓毒症患者预后有重要的临床意义,CRP和PCT持续高水平提示预后不良。     

Correlation between procalcitonin and intra-abdominal pressure and their role in prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis

Background/aimsEarly assessment of disease severity and vigilant patient monitoring are key factors for adequate treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP). The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of procalcitonin (PCT) serum concentrations and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) as prognostic markers in early stages of AP.MethodsThis prospective observational study included 51 patients, of which 29 had severe AP (SAP). Patients were evaluated with the Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score, C-reactive protein (CRP) and PCT serum concentrations and IAP at 24 h from admission. PCT was measured three times in the 1st week of disease and three times afterward, while IAP was measured daily. PCT and IAP values correlated with each other, and also compared with APACHE II score and CRP values.ResultsPCT, IAP, CRP values and APACHE II score at 24 h after hospital admission were significantly elevated in patients with SAP. There was significant correlation between PCT and IAP values measured at 24 h of admission, and between maximal PCT and IAP values. Sensitivity/specificity for predicting AP severity at 24 h after admission was 89%/69% for APACHE II score, 75%/86% for CRP, 86%/63% for PCT and 75%/77% for IAP.ConclusionsIncreased IAP was accompanied by increased PCT serum concentration in patients with AP. PCT and IAP can both be used as early markers of AP severity.     

严重脓毒症早期性激素水平与器官损伤的相关性及对预后的影响

目的:探讨严重脓毒症患者早期血清性激素水平与器官损伤之间的相关性及对预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析53例男性严重脓毒症患者的临床资料,收集患者72 h内血清睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)和催乳素(PRL)水平,并进行Marshall和APACHEⅡ评分,4周后根据存活情况分为存活组和死亡组,另外选择同期20例男性健康体检者作为对照组。结果:存活组32例,死亡组21例;存活组的血清T低于死亡组和对照组(均P0.01),血清E2和PRL水平高于死亡组和对照组(均P0.05),Marshall和APACHEⅡ评分均低于死亡组(均P0.01);死亡组血清E2显著低于对照组(P0.01),血清T和PRL与对照组无显著差异(P0.05),但呈降低趋势;生存组和死亡组Marshall评分与血清T呈正相关(r=0.637),与血清E2和PRL呈负相关(r分别为-0.732和-0.654,均P0.05)。结论:严重脓毒症早期患者血清T、E2和PRL水平与器官功能的损伤程度密切相关,血清高E2、PRL和低T水平可能具有保护器官的作用。     

PCT对脓毒症患者病情及预后的临床价值及其与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性分析

【】目的：分析PCT(降钙素原)在脓毒血症患者治疗后病情预后评价及与APACHEⅡ(急性生理与慢性健康Ⅱ评分)的相关性。方法：回顾我院在2014年6月至2016年12月间收住的112例脓毒血症患者。根据脓毒血症病情严重程度分为轻症组34例,重症组45例,休克组33例。根据患者治疗结局分为存活组92例,死亡组20例。根据发生MODS(多器官官能障碍)与否分为非MODS组68例,MODS组44例。分析PCT在各组患者之间指标差异,与APACHEⅡ指标相关性。评价两指标对患者治疗过程中及预后的评价价值。结果：在轻症组、重症组及休克组患者之间比较,PCT指标、APACHEⅡ评分差异显著(P＜0.05),其中轻症组PCT指标及APACHEⅡ评分最低,休克组最高。死亡组患者与存活组患者比较,其PCT指标及APACHEⅡ评分明显升高,差异显著(P＜0.05)。在MODS组与非MODS组患者之间比较,非MODS组患者PCT指标及APACHEⅡ评分较MODS组患者明显低(P＜0.05)。Pearson相关系数分析,PCT指标与APACHEⅡ评分指标呈正相关(P＜0.05)。绘制ROC曲线比较PCT指标及APACHEⅡ评分各自及联合评价脓毒血症预后效果,在各组中,两者联合评价效果优于单独各自评价效果。结论：PCT指标及APACHEⅡ评分对于评价脓毒血症患者预后均有效果,两者呈正相关。但PCT指标不能独立评估患者预后,联合评价效果优于单一APACHEⅡ评分评价效果。     

Elevated Serum PCT in Septic Shock With Endotoxemia Is Associated With a Higher Mortality Rate

To examine the effect of endotoxemia on the procalcitonin (PCT) serum levels and mortality rates of adult patients with septic shock diagnosed on the day of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).A retrospective observational study was performed over a 2-year period. Levels of PCT were compared for septic shock patients with and without endotoxemia on admission to the ICU. Endotoxemia was identified with an Endotoxin Activity Assay.One hundred fifty-seven patients with septic shock were enrolled into the study. Group 1 consisted of patients with elevated endotoxin activity (EA) (n = 95, EA = 0.57 endotoxin activity unit [EAU] [0.46–0.67]) and Group 2 consisted of patients with low EA (n = 62, EA = 0.27 EAU [0.17–0.36]). Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score and SOFA score were similar in both groups (APACHE II = 23 [16–29] and 19 [16–25]; Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] = 10 [7–13] and 11 [8–12] in Groups 1 and 2, respectively) (nonsignificant). The PCT level was 6 times higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (19.6 ng/mL vs. 3.1 ng/mL, P < 0.001). There was a strong correlation between EA and serum PCT (P < 0.001, R = 0.5). The presence of endotoxemia on admission to the ICU was associated with an increased mortality rate: 52% in the group of patients with endotoxemia and 25% in the group without endotoxemia. EA in survivors was 0.39 EAU (0.26–0.57) and 0.53 EAU (0.4–0.61) in nonsurvivors (P = 0.004). The median PCT level in survivors was 6.7 ng/mL (2.3–28.0), compared with 16.7 ng/mL (5.3–31.0) in nonsurvivors (P = 0.04).This observational study revealed that endotoxemia in patients with septic shock on admission to the ICU was frequently found and was associated with an elevated PCT level and a high mortality rate. Endotoxemia was a common occurrence in patients with septic shock, regardless of the infecting microorganism.     

老年重症肺炎并发感染性休克患者血管外肺水与液体管理

目的探讨脉搏指示连续心排血量(PiCCO)技术监测血管外肺水指数(ELWI)对老年重症肺炎并发感染性休克患者液体管理的指导意义。 方法2011年8月至2014年7月杭州市老年病医院ICU选取46例老年重症肺炎机械通气患者,其中以ELWI为目标进行容量管理22例(ELWI组),以中心静脉压(CVP)结合胸部影像学为参照进行容量管理24例(CVP组),观察两组患者24 h,48 h,72 h的APACHEⅡ评分、氧合指数、血乳酸、中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScVO₂)、液体出入量、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间及28 d病死率的变化。两组患者APACHEⅡ评分、氧合指数、血乳酸、ScVO₂、液体出入量、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间的比较均采用独立样本t检验,28d病死率的比较采用χ²检验。 结果与CVP组比较,ELWI组在24 h,48 h的APACHEⅡ评分及24 h的氧合指数、ScVO₂、血乳酸均未发生明显变化,差异均无统计学意义(t＝12.43、5.63、11.32、13.65、10.64、8.63,均P>0.05);而72 h的APACHEⅡ评分明显下降,48 h,72 h的氧合指数、ScVO₂明显升高,72 h的血乳酸明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t＝26.45、5.12、45.23、4.16、15.43、16.22,均P<0.05)。与CVP组比较,ELWI组24 h,48 h液体总入量及净入量均明显减少,差异均有统计学意义(t＝18.42、25.64、3.32、11.82,均P<0.05);而72 h的液体总入量及净入量均未发生明显变化,差异均无统计学意义(t＝6.13、26.52,均P>0.05)。与CVP组比较,ELWI组机械通气时间及ICU住院时间均明显减少,差异均有统计学意义(t＝18.55、22.12,均P<0.05);28 d病死率未发生明显变化,差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.55,P>0.05)。 结论老年重症肺炎并发感染性休克患者进行PiCCO技术监测,根据ELWI指导液体复苏,能显著降低液体总入量,明显改善患者氧合指数,减少呼吸机使用时间,缩短ICU住院时间,降低病死率。