外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值以及血小板与淋巴细胞比值评估声门型喉癌患者预后的价值

目的 探讨外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）和血小板与淋巴细胞比值（PLR）与声门型喉鳞状细胞癌患者预后的关系。方法 收集115例有明确病理诊断的声门型喉鳞状细胞癌患者的临床病理及随访资料,通过建立受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）,确定术前外周血NLR及PLR预测术后生存的最佳截点,以此将患者分为低NLR和高NLR组以及低PLR和高PLR组,分析NLR及PLR与患者的临床病理特征之间的关系,并通过单因素及多因素分析评估术前外周血NLR及PLR对患者术后生存的影响。结果 115例患者中获得随访107例,失访8例,随访率为93.0%。随访患者中27例死于喉鳞状细胞癌,80例生存。根据ROC曲线计算出PLR、NLR的临界值分别为139.79和2.83。107例声门型喉鳞状细胞癌患者的5年生存率为74.8%,其中低PLR组患者的5年生存率为82.7%;高PLR组患者的5年生存率为56.3%,差异具有统计学意义（P=0.004）。低NLR组患者的5年生存率为81.8%;高NLR组患者的5年生存率为56.7%,差异具有统计学意义（P=0.003）。单因素分析显示,声门型喉鳞状细胞癌患者的预后与患者的T分期、有无淋巴结转移、NLR水平和PLR水平有关（P均<0.05）。多因素分析显示,PLR水平以及NLR水平为影响声门型喉鳞状细胞癌患者预后的独立因素（P均<0.05）。结论 PLR和NLR可能是影响声门型喉鳞状细胞癌患者预后的独立因素。     

单侧全聋型突发性聋患者临床特征及预后分析

目的 分析单侧全聋型突发性聋的一般临床特征,探讨影响预后的相关因素。方法 回顾2019年9月—2021年5月收治住院治疗的127例单侧全聋型突发性聋患者的临床资料,包括一般情况、伴随症状、伴发疾病、实验室检查、治疗效果等,采用χ²检验及二元Logistic回归分析患者性别、年龄、患耳侧别、发病至就诊时间、伴发疾病（高血压、糖尿病、心脏病）、伴随症状（耳鸣、眩晕/头晕）、实验室检查（叶酸、维生素B12、同型半胱氨酸）对预后的影响。结果 127例单侧全聋型突发性聋患者,伴耳鸣者113例（88.98%）,伴眩晕/头晕者91例（71.65%）,总有效率为41.73%。单因素分析显示患者的年龄（P=0.016）、发病至就诊时间（P=0.003）及是否伴眩晕/头晕（P=0.017）与预后相关,差异均具有统计学意义。患者的性别、患耳侧别、伴发基础疾病（高血压、糖尿病、心脏病）、耳鸣、实验室检查（叶酸、维生素B12、高同型半胱氨酸）对预后影响差异无统计学意义。多因素分析显示患者发病至就诊时间（P=0.006）、是否伴眩晕/头晕（P=0.037）为预后的独立危险因素,发病至就诊时间≥3 d组是<3 d组有效率的0.311倍（OR=0.311,95%CI为0.134~0.720,P=0.006）,伴眩晕/头晕者有效率是不伴者有效率的0.385倍（OR=0.385,95%CI为0.157~0.944,P=0.037）。结论 单侧全聋型突发性聋常伴耳鸣、眩晕/头晕,年龄≥40岁、发病至就诊时间≥3 d、伴眩晕/头晕提示预后不佳,其中发病至就诊时间≥3 d以及伴发眩晕/头晕为其独立危险因素,可为临床预后评判及治疗提供理论依据。     

不同时机鼓室内注射糖皮质激素治疗重度以上突发性聋的疗效分析

目的 观察全身联合不同时机鼓室内注射糖皮质激素治疗重度以上突发性聋的疗效,探讨鼓室内注射时机,分析影响重度以上突发性聋预后的因素。方法 回顾性分析108例重度以上突发性聋患者的临床资料及治疗效果,其中全身联合初始鼓室组64例,全身联合延后鼓室组44例;对两组患者出院时与随访时疗效分别进行比较,并分析治疗有效组和无效组临床特征。结果 出院时和随访时两种治疗方案平均听阈、平均听阈改善值、总有效率比较差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）,两种治疗方案痊愈率比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两种治疗方案治疗前与出院时、治疗前与随访时分别比较差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.001）。108例患者中,有效83例（76.9%）,伴眩晕者治疗有效率低（P<0.05）,治疗有效率与患者初始听阈损失程度（P<0.05）及听力曲线类型（P<0.05）相关,与年龄、性别、侧别、是否伴发耳鸣均无明显相关性（P均>0.05）。结论 对于重度以上突发性聋,听力损失程度、曲线类型、是否伴发眩晕与预后相关,治疗上建议尽早全身联合局部应用糖皮质激素。     

突发性耳聋伴眩晕的临床分析

目的 探讨突发性耳聋（简称突聋）伴良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）或突聋伴眩晕综合征（非BPPV）与突聋不伴眩晕的临床特征及疗效。方法 选取2018年1月—2019年12月收治的400例突聋患者,根据是否伴有眩晕症状,分为突聋伴眩晕组（163例）和突聋不伴眩晕组（237例）两组。163例突聋伴眩晕组患者进一步分为突聋伴BPPV组（97例）和突聋伴非BPPV组（66例）。所有入院患者行纯音测听、声导抗、耳声发射检查,根据不同听力曲线采用分型治疗,记录不同分组的听力疗效。结果 突聋伴BPPV组与突聋伴非BPPV组比较,两组听力有效改善率无统计学意义（P>0.05）;突聋不伴眩晕组听力有效改善率明显高于突聋伴BPPV组及突聋伴非BPPV组（P<0.05）。结论 对于突聋伴BPPV或突聋伴非BPPV,其听力疗效基本一致,突聋伴BPPV或突聋伴非BPPV患者,眩晕是影响其听力疗效及预后的关键因素之一。     

肾小球滤过率与突发性聋预后的相关性研究

目的 探讨肾小球滤过率(GFR)与突发性聋的相关性,并分析突发性聋预后的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年10月收治且临床资料完整的突发性聋261例,比较不同临床特征的突发性聋患者估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)水平;分析突发性聋预后的影响因素并绘制ROC曲线评价预测效能。结果 ①突发性聋患者的听力值(dB)与eGFR水平呈负相关(P=0.02);②eGFR水平在患者的性别、年龄、高血压史、糖尿病史、吸烟史及听力损失类型间比较差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05);③eGFR水平和听力损失类型是患者预后的独立影响因素(P＜0.05);④eGFR的ROC曲线下面积为0.704(95%CI:0.642~0.766),预测模型具有统计学意义(P＜0.001),当约登指数为0.360时,最佳决策阈值为103.50 mL·min^-1·1.73 m^-2。结论 ①eGFR水平与突发性聋患者的性别、年龄、高血压史、糖尿病史、吸烟史及听力损失类型有关。②eGFR水平和听力损失类型是突发性聋预后的独立影响因素。     

突发性聋患者血常规、血脂、血液流变学的水平及其与预后的相关性

目的检测突发性聋(Sudden deafness,SD)患者外周血血常规、血脂、血液流变学的水平,并与健康正常人相比,同时探讨这些指标与其疗效的关系。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年6月148例突发性聋(简称突聋)患者的临床资料,与同期的160例健康对照者相比较,分析不同听阈曲线类型(低频下降型、平坦下降型、高频下降型及全聋型)的突聋患者血常规相关指标白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、平均血小板体积(mean platelet volume,MPV)、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(platelet lymphocyte ratio,PLR)及中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte,NLR),血脂相关指标(总胆固醇、甘油三酯),血液流变学(血浆粘度、全血粘度高切、全血粘度中切、全血粘度低切)的水平及其与突发性聋疗效的相关性。结果①突聋组血常规、血脂、血液流变学与对照组的比较:突聋组白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、MPV、NLR、PLR、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、全血粘度中切与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中突聋组患者白细胞、中性粒细胞、MPV、NLR、PLR、总胆固醇、全血粘度中切均较对照组升高,淋巴细胞、甘油三酯较对照组降低。突聋组血浆粘度、全血粘度高切、全血粘度低切较对照组升高,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②不同类型听阈曲线突聋患者血常规、血脂、血液流变学的比较:低频下降型、平坦下降型、高频下降型及全聋型患者的白细胞、中性粒细胞、MPV、NLR、PLR与对照组相比明显升高;其淋巴细胞与对照组相比明显降低;低频下降型总胆固醇、全血粘度高切、中切、低切较对照组升高;平坦下降型总胆固醇、全血粘度高切、中切较对照组升高;全聋型总胆固醇、全血粘度高切较对照组升高,以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高频下降型总胆固醇、全血粘度高切、中切、低切较对照组升高,各类型突聋患者与对照组的甘油三酯、血浆粘度差异,均无明显统计学意义(P>0.05)。③不同类型听阈曲线突聋患者不同疗效的血常规、血脂、血液流变学的比较:突聋组治疗无效组白细胞、中性粒细胞、NLR、血浆粘度、全血粘度高切、低切较治疗有效组升高;低频下降型治疗无效组的白细胞、中性粒细胞、NLR、全血粘度低切较治疗有效组升高;高频下降型治疗无效组的白细胞、中性粒细胞、全血粘度高切、中切、低切较治疗有效组升高;平坦下降型治疗无效组的白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、血浆粘度较治疗有效组升高;全聋型治疗无效组的白细胞、中性粒细胞、NLR、PLR较治疗有效组升高,以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④突聋组患者血常规指标中白细胞、中性粒细胞、NLR与预后呈负相关性,血液流变学指标中的血浆粘度、全血粘度低切与预后呈负相关性。结论突聋患者可能存在炎症感染、脂代谢异常以及血流变学异常,同时发现突聋患者的白细胞、中性粒细胞、NLR、血浆粘度、全血粘度低切对其预后能起到一定的预测作用。临床工作中,我们应该关注突聋患者的血常规、血液流变学指标,可给予抗感染、降低血粘度等治疗,可能有助于其预后。     

突发性聋患者血小板平均体积检测结果分析

目的：分析突发性聋患者血小板平均体积（mean platelet volume,MPV）变化,初步探讨突发性聋的可能病因。方法以40例（40耳）突发性聋患者为研究对象（突聋组）,其中轻度－中重度组（听力损失25～70 dB）15例（耳）,重度－极重度组（听力损失≥71 dB）25例（耳）,另选择30例健康成人为对照组,比较两组外周血中血小板计数（PLT）、血小板平均体积（MPV ）、血小板分布宽度（PDW）的水平。结果突聋组血小板计数为212．0±47．9×109/L,对照组为237．8±46．2×109/L,突聋组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;突聋组 MPV 为10．9±0．8 fL,对照组为10．3±0．8 fL,突聋组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;突聋组 PDW 为12．9％±2．0％,对照组为12．0％±1．3％,突聋组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。突聋组中轻度－中重度组MPV 为11．0±1．1 fL,重度－极重度组 MPV 为10．8±1．0 fL,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,两组 MPV分别与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论MPV 是血栓性疾病发生的独立危险因素,突发性聋患者 MPV 升高可能与内听道血管缺血或血栓事件有关。     

尿毒症合并突发性聋患者的临床特征及预后

目的 分析尿毒症合并突发性聋（突聋）患者的临床特征及预后。方法 收集2015年1月—2019年12月在会理县人民医院治疗的尿毒症合并突聋患者29例（30耳）,平均初诊听阈值为（62.33±13.68） dB HL;17耳（56.67%）伴耳鸣,8耳（26.67%）伴眩晕;9耳（30.00%）为平坦型,13耳（43.33%）为全聋型。根据尿毒症病程长短将29例患者分为<2年组（13例,13耳）、2～4年组（8例,8耳）和>4年组（8例,9耳）,对比3组突聋患者的听力预后。结果 29例（30耳）患者治疗结束3个月后,3耳（10.00%）痊愈、5耳（16.67%）显效、6耳（20.00%）有效、16耳（53.33%）无效,平均听阈改善均值为（15.68±7.43） dB HL。根据尿毒症病程长短分组后,尽管<2年组、2～4年组和>4年组的痊愈率、显效率、有效率和无效率无统计学差异,但3组的听阈改善值分别为（20.52±7.95）、（16.30±6.27）、（7.78±9.36） dB HL,组间比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 尿毒症合并突聋的患者听力损失较重,听力预后较差,尿毒症病程越长预后越差。     

耳内镜下软骨膜-软骨岛与颞肌筋膜修补鼓膜穿孔的临床对照研究

目的 对比耳内镜下耳屏软骨膜-软骨岛与颞肌筋膜修补鼓膜穿孔的临床效果。方法 分析2018年2月-2020年3月徐州市中心医院行耳内镜修补鼓膜穿孔80例患者的临床资料,按修补材料不同分为两组,其中对照组（颞肌筋膜修补组）患者40例,试验组（耳屏软骨膜-软骨岛修补组）40例。比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间和鼓膜穿孔修补成功率、手术前后平均气骨导差和平均气导听阈。结果 术后随访6个月以上,两组术后平均气骨导差及平均气导听阈均较术前减小,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后两组平均气骨导差及平均气导听阈无明显差异（P>0.05）。术后两组气骨导差缩小值及平均气导听阈缩小值均无明显差异（P>0.05）。试验组术中出血量、手术时间以及住院时长等均小于对照组（P<0.01）。试验组患者鼓膜修补成功率为95.0%（38/40）,对照组为92.5%（37/40）。Fisher精确检验表明两种修补材料修补鼓膜穿孔成功率无明显差异（OR=1.53,95%CI=0.17~19.30,P=1）。结论 耳内镜下耳屏软骨膜-软骨岛与颞肌筋膜修补鼓膜穿孔均有较好的疗效,能够改善患者听力,但耳屏软骨膜-软骨岛修补具有微创、高效的特点,更值得临床推广使用。     

鼻内镜下高选择性翼管神经切断术治疗变应性鼻炎

目的 分析鼻内镜下高选择性翼管神经切断术对中重度持续变应性鼻炎（AR）的疗效和安全性。方法 选取2018年1月—2019年9月华中科技大学协和深圳医院就诊的伴中重度持续性AR的鼻中隔偏曲患者60例为研究对象，依据随机数字表法分成对照组（26例）和治疗组（34例）。对照组患者采取鼻内镜鼻中隔矫正术治疗鼻中隔偏曲，治疗组在鼻中隔矫正基础上开展高选择性翼管神经切断，包含鼻后神经及翼管神经咽支切断术，术后1、3、6个月对患者进行定期随访，分别对两组患者手术前后鼻炎用药评分（TRMS）、视觉模拟量表（VAS）、鼻结膜炎生活质量量表（RQLQ）评分进行评估，并记录患者局部、全身不良反应出现情况。结果 随访6个月，对研究终止时随访成功且临床资料完整的46例患者进行分析，其中治疗组26例，对照组20例。两组患者术前TRMS、VAS及RQLQ评分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；两组患者术后1、3、6个月VAS及RQLQ评分与治疗前比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），且治疗组术后1、3、6个月VAS及RQLQ评分评分低于对照组，术后3、6个月TRMS评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后1个月的TRMS评分对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。对照组手术前后TRMS评分对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），治疗组术后3、6个月TRMS评分低于术前（P<0.05）。治疗组并发症发生和对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 鼻内镜下高选择性翼管神经切断术是治疗中重度持续性AR一种安全、有效的手术方式。     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Congenital nasal masses: diagnosis and management

One hundred and nine congenital nasal masses which presented to two children's hospitals over a 20 year period are reviewed. The diagnosis of the nasal mass is discussed with respect to age, mode of presentation, and site of the lesion, and a management protocol is advocated.     

Reverse Optokinetic After-nystagmus Generated by Gaze Fixation During Optokinetic Stimulation

Gaze fixation during optokinetic stimulation generates an after-nystagmus with a slow component towards the reverse direction of the optokinetic stimulation. The duration and maximum slow component velocity (SCV) of this "reverse OKAN" were observed by changing the duration, velocity and direction of the optokinetic stimulation in nine normal volunteers. The duration of reverse OKAN increased with increasing stimulation time but was unaffected by changes in the stimulation velocity. The maximum SCV of reverse OKAN decreased with an increase in the stimulation velocity but was not significantly affected by changes in the optokinetic stimulation time. There was no directional difference among the horizontal, upwards and downwards reverse OKANs. The reverse OKAN was thought to be generated by a mechanism different from the velocity storage mechanism which produced optokinetic nystagmus and the first phase of OKAN. Retinal slip during the optokinetic stimulation was considered to be an input to the mechanism which generated the reverse OKAN. We hypothesize that the mechanism causing the reverse OKAN may be a generator of the second phase of OKAN, which was also intimately connected with self-motion sensation during the optokinetic stimulation.     

Tissue-engineered human nasal septal cartilage using the alginate-recovered-chondrocyte method

OBJECTIVES: Tissue engineering of nasal septal cartilage has numerous potential applications in craniofacial reconstruction. Chondrocytes suspended in alginate gel have been shown to produce a substantial cell-associated matrix. The objective of this study was to determine whether cartilage tissue could be generated using the alginate-recovered-chondrocyte (ARC) method, in which chondrocytes are cultured in alginate as an intermediate step in tissue fabrication. METHODS: Nasal septal chondrocytes from five patient donors were isolated by enzymatic digestion, then expanded in monolayer culture. At confluency, a portion of those cells were seeded at high density onto a semipermeable membrane and cultured for 14, 21, or 28 days (monolayer group). The remaining cells were suspended in alginate and cultured until a cell-associated matrix was observed (10-17 days). Cells and their associated matrix were released from alginate (ARC group), seeded onto a semipermeable membrane, and cultured as already described. DNA (Hoechst 33258 Assay), glycosaminoglycan (GAG; dimethylmethylene blue assay), and collagen (hydroxyproline assay) were analyzed biochemically. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess expression of collagens type I and type II. Histochemistry was performed to localize cells accumulating sulfated GAG (Alcian blue stain). RESULTS: The ARC constructs, in contrast to the monolayer constructs, had substantial structural stability and the histologic and gross appearance of cartilaginous tissue. ARC constructs demonstrated significantly greater GAG and collagen accumulation than monolayer constructs (P <.05). Histologic analysis revealed substantial GAG and collagen type II production and only moderate collagen type I production. The composition of the matrix was thus similar to that of native human septal cartilage. CONCLUSIONS: Tissue-engineered human nasal septal cartilage using the ARC method has the histologic and gross appearance of native cartilage and has biochemical composition more like that of native cartilage than monolayer constructs. This is the first report of human nasal septal neocartilage formation without the use of biodegradable scaffolds.     

Jaw osteosarcomas

Introduction

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent bone malignant tumor. It is usually found on long bones, 5 to 10% are located on jaws, accounting for 0.5 to 1% of all facial tumors. There is little published data which concerns only few patients. Our aim was to study retrospectively cases of facial bone OS in adults, and to compare our results with published data to suggest an optimal management scheme.

Patients and method

Thirty-three patients were managed for an OS, from January 1997 to January 2007. Fourteen patients with a maxillary and mandibular OS, treated in first-intention in our unit, were included. The following data were analyzed: age; personal history; circumstance of discovery; clinical, functional, and physical signs; loco-regional extension and metastasis radiological investigation. The histological slides were systematically reviewed. The protocol, therapeutic outcome, and follow-up were studied.

Results

The mean age at diagnosis was 43. Swelling was the most frequent functional sign. The mean delay before management was 3.4 months. The most frequent radiological presentation was a lytic and hyperdense image. The diagnosis was suggested after CT scan in 57.1% of cases. The biopsy was correlated to the anatomopathological analysis in 78.6% of cases. The most common treatment was surgical exeresis completed by chemotherapy. The 5-year survival rate was 50%.

Discussion

Jaw OS are specific because of their localization and specific bone ultrastructure. Their management remains controversial: should they be managed like limb OS or treated more specifically? Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, even if it delays exeresis for 3 months, seems to stop the growth or reduce the tumor. An early anatomopathological analysis of the surgical piece determines adjuvant therapy. The negative prognostic factors are: maxillary localization because of limited exeresis margins, tumoral size, and osteoblastic sub-type.     

Patterns of practice regarding surgical site infection prevention in head & neck surgery: An international survey

IntroductionHead & neck surgery encompasses a variety of surgical approaches for benign and malignant conditions. Due to the complexity in treating patients with head and neck pathology, it is necessary to adhere to basic surgical principles to decrease complications. Among them, surgical site infection can be prevented using a surgery quality protocol including the correct use of antibiotics and optimization of nutritional status.Materials and methodsA survey was sent through the YO-IFOS and SEORL-CCC international mailing list.ResultsA total of 435 surgeons completed the survey. Of the respondents, 97.7% confirm that they scrub their hands before surgery, 40.9% respondents recommend nutritional support according to sign and symptoms, 60.9% use of antibiotic prophylaxis in clean surgery and just 9.2% use clindamycin in combination.ConclusionThis survey has broadened the scope regarding H&N surgical safety around the globe. Identifying innovative ways in which surgical care may be improved is mandatory.