术中磁共振影像神经导航治疗脑胶质瘤的临床初步应用(附61例分析)

目的总结术中磁共振影像(iMRI)神经导航手术治疗脑胶质瘤的初步经验。方法2006年3月～2006年12月,61例脑胶质瘤病人接受iMRI神经导航手术。结果手术总耗时2.5～8.5 h,平均(5.2±1.5)h。图像质量良好49例(80.3%),一般7例(11.5%),差5例(8.2%)。56例图像质量优良的病人中,iMRI扫描次数2～5次,平均(2.6±0.8)次;其中2次32例,3次16例,4次5例,5次3例;24例(42.9%)经iMRI发现肿瘤切除范围未达术前计划,仍需进一步切除。无iMRI相关不良事件发生。结论iMRI神经导航手术治疗脑胶质瘤安全、有效,可实时纠正术中脑移位误差,精确定位脑胶质瘤的影像学边界,定量评估手术切除范围,有效提高肿瘤切除率。     

术中磁共振实时影像导航下穿刺活检术的临床初步应用

目的 探讨术中磁共振(iMRI)影像导航应用于穿刺活检术的临床初步经验、优势与不足.方法 在0.15T PoleStar N-20 iMRI实时影像引导下,对6例颅内占位性质不明患者进行穿刺活检术.结果 6例均获得组织病理学诊断,活检阳性率为100%;1例颅内多发占位患者术后并发左基底节活检区域局限性血肿.结论 iMRI影像导航能及时纠正术中脑移位,即只有当iMRI确定穿刺针已位于病灶内才进行活检,从而有利于提高活检阳性率,减少术后并发症.     

3.0T 术中磁共振实时影像功能导航联合术中神经电生理监测技术在岛叶胶质瘤手术中的应用

目的评价3.0 T术中磁共振成像(intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging,iMRI)联合弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)锥体束示踪导航及术中神经电生理监测(intraoperative neurophysiologicalmonitoring,IONM)技术在各种累及岛叶的胶质瘤切除手术中的应用价值。方法 2010年9月至2011年6月以3.0 T iMRI数字一体化神经外科手术中心为平台,在iMRI功能导航结合IONM下对18例累及岛叶的胶质瘤实施切除手术。其中对10例主侧半球肿瘤采用唤醒麻醉下术中直接皮质电刺激进行语言区定位。对所有18例岛叶胶质瘤,术中均采用DTI导航结合术中连续经皮质刺激运动诱发电位和皮质下电刺激进行锥体束定位。结果通过iMRI实时扫描,18例患者中有13例发现肿瘤残留,其中6例在iMRI实时影像导航下获得了进一步切除,使肿瘤的影像学全切除率从5/18提高至9/18。经Fisher检验,iMRI前、后的肿瘤切除率(包括全切除及次全切除)具有统计学意义(P=0.046)。9例因DTI导航或IONM提示切缘临近功能皮质或深部锥体束,而未强求全切除。10例主侧半球肿瘤患者中,术后近期(1周内)出现一过性语言功能障碍5例,随访至术后1个月,语言功能均恢复到术前水平或以上;18例患者中3例术后近期出现肢体运动功能障碍,随访至术后1个月,其中2例完全恢复。总体术后1个月的神经功能障碍仅1例。无iMRI及IONM相关的并发症发生。结论应用3.0 T iMRI术中实时影像导航联合DTI锥体束示踪成像技术及IONM技术有助于最大程度地安全切除岛叶胶质瘤。     

术中磁共振联合功能神经导航在中央区胶质瘤手术的应用

目的探索术中磁共振联合功能神经导航在中央区胶质瘤手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性研究22例中央区胶质瘤病例,患者均接受1.5T高场强术中磁共振联合功能神经导航下显微手术。评价肿瘤切除程度及手术前后神经功能变化。结果 22例中6例肿瘤的切除程度发生误判。术中扫描使12例残余肿瘤得到进一步切除。术后三周,15例患者神经功能改善或同术前,7例神经功能下降,功能下降者KPS(Karnofsky Performance Scale,KPS)评分均大于60,生活能够自理。结论对于中央区胶质瘤患者,术中磁共振联合功能神经导航有助于提高肿瘤切除程度,保护神经功能。     

低磁场术中磁共振导航的融合弥散张量成像功能研究

目的:探讨低磁场术中磁共振成像(iMRI)导航手术利用弥散张量成像(DTI)的可能性和应用价值。方法:19例涉及锥体束的脑肿瘤患者,应用多影像融合技术将术前DTI与iMRI影像融合指导手术,术中利用非刚体配准计算法和手动点配准融合技术把修正的DTI逐层与更新的iMRI影像融合,并导航手术。术后随访肢体运动功能。结果:成功获得DTI变形预测结果,肿瘤全切除率63.2%,次全切除率15.8%,肢体运动较术前好转或维持术前症状者84.2%。结论:iMRI与DTI融合导航手术可实时提供病灶与邻近锥体束间三维可视化解剖信息,提高肿瘤切除率,降低术后致残率。     

术中磁共振联合神经导航在丘脑胶质瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨术中磁共振(iMRI)联合神经导航在丘脑胶质瘤的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2014-01—2017-02应用3.0T术中磁共振联合神经导航的28例丘脑胶质瘤手术患者的临床资料,评估术后肿瘤切除程度及术后功能状态。结果 28例患者第一次iMRI扫描17例仍有病变残留,进行扩大切除9例达到完整切除,全切率从39.3%提高到71.4%,8例肿瘤边缘累及运动功能皮质或皮质脊髓束无法行完整切除。术后6个月28例丘脑胶质瘤患者神经功能改善者20例,无变化6例,下降2例。结论术中磁共振联合神经导航有助于提高丘脑胶质瘤手术精准性和安全性,提高肿瘤切除程度,最小限度减少脑功能损伤,为术后手术效果提供帮助。     

术中磁共振多模态影像导航下脑内病变穿刺活检术的初步应用

目的探讨超高场强术中磁共振及多模态影像融合应用于颅内病变穿刺活检的临床初步经验、优势与不足。方法利用3.0T超高场强术中磁共振系统在结构影像的基础上结合多模态影像如磁共振灌注成像(PWI)、磁共振波谱分析(MRS)、弥散张量成像(DTI)、血氧水平依赖成像(BOLD)等,通过代谢及功能信息优化靶点选择,实施多靶点活检。结果共实施23例幕上病变穿刺活检,获得78份标本。所有病例得到明确诊断,术中影像证实靶点均实现术前计划,无严重并发症。结论术中磁共振多模态影像可同时提供功能及代谢信息,提高穿刺活检成功率,降低致残率。     

术中MRI导航外科及其进展

在神经外科发展史上有两个重要的里程碑，一个是20世纪50—60年代的显微神经外科，另一个则是20世纪末一21世纪初的微侵袭神经外科。前者使现代神经外科从大体（肉眼）外科进入显微外科，手术更精细和准确；后者则使现代神经外科从小侵袭提高到微侵袭，手术更趋个体化和微创。在微侵袭神经外科中，神经导航外科是一重大和划时代的进步，因为它实现了几代神经外科医生的梦想，改变了虽然有先进的影像学诊断设备和技术（如CT、MRI），但外科定位和寻找病灶的方法却仍然落后，病灶切除程度依赖于主观判断的局面。有了神经导航，外科医生可精确定位和寻找病灶，客观地判断病灶切除程度，不仅使外科手术微创和科学，而且显著地提高了疗效。     

术中磁共振影像神经导航辅助经鼻-蝶垂体瘤切除术(附42例分析)

目的探讨术中磁共振影像(iMRI)神经导航技术在经鼻-蝶垂体瘤切除手术中的应用。方法在PoleStar N20 iMRI神经导航系统辅助下施行经鼻-蝶垂体瘤切除术42例。对临床资料、iMRI成像情况及其对手术进程和手术结果的影响等进行分析。结果术中扫描2～5次,平均(2.5±0.87)次。术中扫描发现肿瘤残留13例,其中2例因肿瘤包绕颈内动脉未进一步切除,另11例进一步切除后,达到影像学肿瘤全切除6例,次全切除5例。最终肿瘤的全切除率从69.0%提高到83.3%。无与iMRI相关的并发症。结论经鼻-蝶垂体瘤切除术中应用iMRI神经导航技术,为手术进程的指导及手术结果的实时判断提供了客观依据,从而提高了肿瘤的全切除率。     

PoleStar N20术中磁共振神经导航系统的导航准确性研究

目的 研究PoleStar N20术中磁共振影像（iMRI）神经导航系统导航的准确性及影响因素，为临床应用提供指导。方法 应用塑料-有机玻璃立柱插板体模，分别测定不同空间靶点、手术体位、扫描序列、噪音水平、磁体移动等对导航准确性的影响。结果 导航准确性与扫描序列、噪音水平、扫描层厚呈显著性相关，与靶点空间位置、体位、手术床和磁体移动等不相关。结论 PoleStar N20 iMRI神经导航系统导航准确性可靠，受外界影响小，可满足临床应用所需。     

超声导航辅助显微神经外科手术(附29例分析)

目的 探讨术中超声导航在显微神经外科手术中的应用价值。方法对29例神经外科显微手术中采用实时超声影像引导病变定位。指引手术路径选择，并动态了解病变位置的变化情况、手术切除程度。蛛网膜囊肿6例，脑膜瘤1例，动静脉畸形2例，胶质瘤2例，转移瘤5例，脑内血肿8例。椎管内神经纤维瘤4例，脑脓肿1例。结果所有病变均得到全切，术后病人恢复良好，神经功能保存完好，无额外的神经功能损害和手术并发症。结论术中超声导航操作简便，定位准确，能够实现实时影像导航；与显微神经外科配合能够有效起到降低手术副损伤，提高手术精度的作用。     

体感诱发电位监测技术在脑深部病变导航手术中的初步应用

目的初步探讨体感诱发电位(SEP)监测技术辅助神经导航手术治疗脑深部病变的应用价值。方法回顾性分析23例脑深部病变的临床资料,病变位于脑室和胼胝体11例,丘脑4例,基底核区2例,岛叶2例,额叶深部3例,顶叶深部1例。在应用导航指导病灶切除的同时实时监测SEP。当术中波形发生明显异常时即通知术者调整或停止操作。结果病变全切除15例,大部切除6例,部分切除2例。术中SEP正常19例,其中发生可逆性变化1例,术中无变化18例;术后肌力较术前减退2例,术后肌力下降率10.5%。术中SEP发生不可逆性变化4例,其中波幅降低2例,波幅消失2例;术后肌力较术前均减退,术后肌力下降率100%。术中SEP正常者肌力下降率显著低于术中SEP发生不可逆变化者(P=0.002)。结论 SEP监测联合神经导航技术有助于安全、精确切除脑深部病变。     

Intraoperative MRI for interventional neurosurgical procedures and tumor resection control in children

Introduction Despite the introduction of neuronavigational systems, radical tumor removal is still problematic in many neurosurgical procedures. Thus, direct intraoperative imaging for tumor resection control was implemented with an intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (ioMRI) scanner installed in the operating room. Whereas most procedures with ioMRI were carried out in adults, we summarize 7 years of experience using ioMRI in children for interventional neurosurgical procedures or for tumor resection control.Method An open magnetic resonance scanner (Magnetom Open 0.2 T) was installed in the neurosurgical operating room. For tumor resection control, ioMRI was performed in 35 procedures. After the ioMRI scans were analyzed with respect to quality, the identification of residual tumor was considered by the attending neuroradiologist and neurosurgeon. If residual tumor tissue was present, a new three-dimensional (3D) dataset was acquired to update the neuronavigation; subsequently, the tumor resection was extended. In all these procedures, the results of the ioMRI were checked by an early postoperative high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. In addition, ioMRI was carried out in ten other children to monitor interventional neurosurgical procedures.Results In all children, ioMRI was adequate both for tumor resection control and monitoring of interventional procedures. Primary radical removal of tumor was reached in 40% as confirmed by ioMRI, but in 60% of the patients, the tumor resection procedure was extended after residual tumor was detected using the new 3D dataset for navigational update. By using ioMRI, radical tumor removal improved up to 83% as confirmed by early postoperative MRI. Procedure-related complications were not seen in our series. For all MR-guided biopsies, histology findings could be confirmed, and aspiration of intracranial cysts or abscesses could be monitored online.Conclusion IoMRI using the open magnetom is suitable for detecting residual tumor tissue, can compensate for the phenomenon of brain shift using a new intraopertive 3D dataset for extended tumor resection, and is capable of monitoring interventional neurosurgical procedures. By using ioMRI for tumor resection control, the degree of tumor resection could be significantly improved.     

脑转移瘤切除的“超边缘”理念

脑转移瘤（BM）是一些恶性肿瘤的常见并发症,手术作为神经外科治疗颅脑肿瘤最传统的方式依然发挥着不可替代的作用。BM的传统全切手术后往往复发率较高,越来越多的临床与病理证据支持该类肿瘤与正常脑组织并非界限分明,致使脑转移瘤的“超边缘切除”应运而生。鉴于脑功能的保护,应用之初仅限于非功能区,现如今已携手电生理检测、导航系统、术中唤醒等精密手段走进功能区,并基于微创理念在手术入路、瘤体切除等方面不断尝试,努力在最大范围切除肿瘤与保护脑功能之间做到最优化。通过回顾大量BM的超边缘切除相关研究,该文系统阐述了该手术理念的发生与发展。国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2023, 50(2): 77-81]     

Advances in Intraoperative Neurophysiology During Microvascular Decompression Surgery for Hemifacial Spasm

Microvascular decompression (MVD) is a widely used surgical intervention to relieve the abnormal compression of a facial nerve caused by an artery or vein that results in hemifacial spasm (HFS). Various intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (ION) and mapping methodologies have been used since the 1980s, including brainstem auditory evoked potentials, lateral-spread responses, Z-L responses, facial corticobulbar motor evoked potentials, and blink reflexes. These methods have been applied to detect neuronal damage, to optimize the successful decompression of a facial nerve, to predict clinical outcomes, and to identify changes in the excitability of a facial nerve and its nucleus during MVD. This has resulted in multiple studies continuously investigating the clinical application of ION during MVD in patients with HFS. In this study we aimed to review the specific advances in methodologies and clinical research related to ION techniques used in MVD surgery for HFS over the last decade. These advances have enabled clinicians to improve the efficacy and surgical outcomes of MVD, and they provide deeper insight into the pathophysiology of the disease.     

Detection and characterization of neurotoxicity in cancer patients using proton MR spectroscopy

OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to detect abnormalities and identify relationships between brain metabolic ratios determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ((1)H-MRSI) and neuropsychological (NP) function in cancer patients at risk for neurotoxicity. METHODS: Thirty-two patients received (1)H-MRSI using a multi-slice, multi-voxel technique on a 1.5T magnet. Cho/NAA, NAA/Cr, and Cho/Cr ratios were identified in seven pre-determined sites without tumor involvement. A battery of age-appropriate NP tests was administered within 7 days of imaging. Relationships were examined between test scores and metabolite ratios. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies relationships between brain metabolite ratios and cognitive functioning in cancer patients. (1)H-MRSI may be useful in early detection of neurotoxic effects, but prospective longitudinal studies in a homogeneous population are recommended to determine the prognostic value.     

不能手术的脑肿瘤患者分次立体定向放射治疗研究

目的探讨不能手术的脑肿瘤患者采用分次立体定向放射治疗(fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy,FSRT)的价值。方法采用X线FSRT法治疗15例不能手术的脑肿瘤患者。所有病例根据临床表现及MRI和/或CT确诊。其中4例采用单纯立体定向放射治疗,11例采用立体定向放射治疗 常规放射治疗。常规外照射剂量30.0~52.0 Gy。FSRT准直器2.5~5.0 cm,靶体积0.9~39.6 cm3,分次剂量5.0~15.0 Gy,总剂量15.0~50.0 Gy。1个靶中心参考剂量线为70%~90%,2个靶中心参考剂量线为50%。采用4~6个弧非共面等中心旋转照射。结果治疗后生存期2~105个月,中位生存期30.8个月。急性神经毒性反应较轻,各有2、1、1例出现Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级晚期神经损伤,无Ⅳ级晚期神经损伤。结论对于不能手术的脑肿瘤患者行X线FSRT是安全有效的。