左旋奥硝唑及磷酸左奥硝唑酯二钠在大鼠体内药代动力学比较研究

采用手性色谱LC-MS/MS法同时检测左旋和右旋奥硝唑,比较研究左旋奥硝唑［(S)-ONZ］及磷酸左奥硝唑酯二钠［(S)-ONZ-P］在大鼠体内的药代动力学差异,并监测是否发生手性转化。结果表明,大鼠单次iv给予25,50,100 mg/kg(S)-ONZ及等物质的量(S)-ONZ-P后,(S)-ONZ-P在SD大鼠体内迅速转化为(S)-ONZ,平均转化时间介于1.57~3.86 min。两组大鼠血浆中(S)-ONZ的t_1/2分别为2.04~2.31 h;2.02~2.51 h;AUC_0-∞与剂量间呈良好的线性关系,呈线性动力学过程。(S)-ONZ,(S)-ONZ-P在大鼠体内药代动力学行为无显著差异,且二者均不转化生成(R)-ONZ。     

附子的新二萜生物碱

采用Al₂O₃、硅胶柱色谱及制备高效液相色谱等方法对附子Aconitum carmichaeli的化学成分进行分离纯化,通过NMR,MS,和单晶X衍射等波谱技术鉴定化合物结构,分离鉴定了4个化合物,分别为:(13R,15S,19S)-13,15,19-三羟基-海替生(1),附子灵(2),尼奥灵(3),和北乌亭(4)。其中化合物1为新化合物。     

柳叶白前中非C21甾体类化学成分

采用硅胶、凝胶及反相柱色谱等技术,对鹅绒藤属植物柳叶白前Cynanchum stauntonii干燥根茎80%乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯部位的非C₂₁甾体类成分进行分离,得到12个化合物,利用波谱学方法和理化性质鉴定它们的结构为:丁香脂素(1)、(-)-(7R,7′R,7″R,8S,8′S,8″S)-4′,4″-二羟基-3,3′,3″,5-甲氧基-7,9′∶7′,9-环氧-4,8″-O-8,8′-倍半木质素-7″,9″-二醇(2)、8,8′-二羟基松脂素(3)、对羟基苯乙酮(4)、白首乌二苯酮(5)、2,4-二羟基苯乙酮(6)、苯甲酸(7)、对羟基苯酚(8)、6-O-［E］-芥子酰-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9a)、6-O-［E］-芥子酰-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9b)、1-O-甲基-α-D-吡喃加拿大麻糖甲苷(10)、β-胡萝卜苷(11)、β-谷甾醇(12)。其中化合物1~ 3,5,7~ 11为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

三七主根的微量皂苷成分研究

利用硅胶、C₁₈等柱色谱技术对三七(Panax notoginseng(Burk) F.H.Chen）主根中微量成分进行分离纯化,分离得到10个化合物,通过NMR、MS等波谱技术鉴定化合物的结构,10个化合物分别为：人参皂苷Rh4(1),20(S)-三七皂苷R₂(2),人参皂苷Rh₁(3),人参皂苷F₁(4),20(S)-ginsenoside Rg₂(5),3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside-12β,25-dihydroxydammar-(E)-20(22)-ene(6),vinaginsenoside R₁₅(7),vinaginsenoside R₃(8),pseudoginsenoside RT₃(9),and 6-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-20-O-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-3β,6α,12β,20(S)-tetrahydroxydammar-24-ene(10)。其中化合物6~10为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物6和10为首次从自然界分离得到。     

特拉匹韦双环吡咯烷中间体的合成新工艺

对特拉匹韦的双环吡咯烷中间体开展合成新工艺研究:以3-氮杂双环［3.3.0］辛烷盐酸盐(9)为起始原料,通过亚胺基氯代、碱性消除、磺酸化、氰化和酸性水解等一系列反应得到外消旋体(3αR,6αS)-八氢环戊二烯并［c］吡咯-1-羧酸盐酸盐(4)。游离化合物(4)后,通过对亚胺进行Boc保护、化学拆分、羧基的叔丁酯化、亚胺的脱保护、成草酸盐等反应制得目标产物(1S,3αR,6αS)-八氢环戊二烯并［c］吡咯-1-羧酸叔丁酯草酸盐(1),总收率约26.4%。本合成路线操作简单,光学纯度易于控制,适于进行工业化放大生产。     

Ocotillol及其差向异构体的合成与形成机制

以20(S)-原人参三醇［20(S)-PPT］为原料,采用两条路线合成ocotillol(3)及其差向异构体(4),并探讨其形成机制。路线1:以m-CPBA氧化20(S)-PPT,制备化合物3和4,收率分别为44.1%和28.6%;路线2:20(S)-PPT经乙酰化、m-CPBA氧化和皂化反应,制备化合物3和4,收率分别为16.4%和16.2%。化合物3和4的形成机制推断如下:1)20(S)-PPT的分子内氢键导致C24(25)双键两侧的化学环境不同,两侧被氧化的概率不等,进而得到不等量的化合物3和4;2)20(S)-PPT被乙酰化后,不能形成分子内氢键,C24(25)双键平面两侧的化学环境近乎相同,经m-CPBA氧化反应、分子内S_N2反应和皂化反应,最终得到几乎等物质量的化合物3和4。     

红树林底泥放线菌（N2010-37）抗肿瘤化学成分研究（I）

目的 寻找发现红树林底泥放线菌（N2010-37）中抗肿瘤活性成分。方法 放线菌（N2010-37）发酵菌丝体经95%乙醇提取,溶剂分级萃取,应用多种柱色谱分离和谱学分析方法对醋酸乙酯萃取部位化学成分进行分离鉴定。结果 从醋酸乙酯部位分离得到1个新的单环内酯和2个蒽酮类化合物,依次鉴定为 (3S, 4R, 7R, 8R, 9S)-3, 8-二羟基-4, 7, 9-三甲基-2, 6-环壬二酯（1）、1-甲氧基-2-羟基-3-甲基蒽醌（2）、1, 6, 8-三羟基-3-甲基蒽醌（3）。结论 化合物1为新化合物,体外抗肿瘤实验表明,化合物1和3对人类慢性髓性白血病细胞系K562细胞株具有一定的细胞毒活性。     

大黄及牛黄解毒片大鼠给药后血浆中大黄活性成分的药代动力学比较研究

考察大黄及牛黄解毒片给药后大黄活性成分在大鼠体内药代动力学行为的差异。大鼠分别灌胃给予大黄生药材96 mg/kg(含总蒽醌1.83 mg/kg,相当于大黄酸0.28 mg/kg、大黄素0.30 mg/kg、大黄酚0.81 mg/kg、芦荟大黄素0.23 mg/kg及大黄素甲醚0.20 mg/kg)及牛黄解毒片250 mg/kg(含总蒽醌与大黄生药材等量,相当于大黄酸0.33 mg/kg、大黄素0.38 mg/kg、大黄酚0.71 mg/kg、芦荟大黄素0.24 mg/kg及大黄素甲醚0.17 mg/kg),血浆经甲醇沉淀后,采用LC-MS/MS法测定大黄活性成分血药浓度,WinNonlin 7.0软件计算药代动力学参数。大鼠灌胃大黄及牛黄解毒片后,大黄酸的c_max分别为(121±103)及(474±251)μg/L,AUC0-t分别为(275±176)及(406±194)μg·h/L;大黄酚异构体的c_max分别为(2 325±1 390)及(3 580±2 169)μg/L,AUC0-t分别为(8 170±2 661)及(8 856±4 023)μg·h/L;仅在牛黄解毒片给药大鼠血浆中检测出大黄素,且牛黄解毒片给药后大鼠血浆中大黄酸的c_max、AUC及t1/2,大黄酚异构体的Vd及CL与单味大黄相比显著增加,大黄酚异构体的t_max显著下降。实验结果表明,牛黄解毒片复方配伍增强了大黄活性成分在大鼠体内的吸收利用,改变了大黄活性成分的药代动力学行为。     

硝酸布康唑栓的人体药代动力学

研究单次及多次阴道给药后硝酸布康唑栓在中国健康女性体内的药代动力学特征。12名健康女性受试者依次进行硝酸布康唑栓低(0.05 g)、高(0.1 g)剂量单次给药以及高剂量(0.1 g)连续给药3 d和连续给药5 d药代动力学试验。受试者单次阴道给予0.05和0.1 g受试制剂后,布康唑的c_max分别为(0.895 0±0.261 0)、(1.740±0.511)ng/mL,AUC_{0-96 h}分别为(36.38±10.82)、(73.48±28.99)ng·h/mL,t_1/2分别为(23.0±4.4)、(21.5±5.9)h。结果表明:布康唑在0.05~0.1 g剂量范围内呈线性药代动力学特征。受试者连续3 d给予硝酸布康唑栓后,布康唑的血药浓度波动度(DF)为(0.54±0.27),累积常数Rc_max为(1.3±0.3),R_AUC0-τ为(1.4±0.3)。连续给药5 d后,布康唑的血药浓度DF为(0.64±0.25),累积常数Rc_max为(1.4±0.3),R_AUC0-τ为(1.6±0.2),在人体内的暴露量增加约60%。连续给药3 d与连续给药5 d的各项药动学参数均无显著性差异。     

林下参的化学成分研究

目的 对林下参Panax ginseng的化学成分进行研究。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱法及制备HPLC法进行分离纯化，根据理化性质和光谱方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从林下参乙醇提取物中分离得到10个单体化合物，并鉴定为20(S)-人参皂苷Rg₃(Ⅰ)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rh₁(Ⅱ)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rh₁(Ⅲ)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rg₂(Ⅳ)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rh₂(Ⅴ)、人参皂苷Rb₃(Ⅵ)、豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅶ)、5，6-二氢豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅷ)、β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅸ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅹ)。结论 10个化合物均为首次从林下参中分离得到。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.