Effect of purine antagonists on the cAMP level in lymphocytes and bone marrow lymphoblasts

The effect of the purine receptor ligands N-ethylcarboxamide adenine and adenosine and of the purine antagonists mercaptopurine and azathioprine on the intracellular cAMP content in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone marrow lymphoblasts was studied. All preparations tested induced an increase in the cAMP level in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The selective immunosuppressive effect of adenosine antagonists may be due to their ability to modulate the activity of adenylate cyclase in lymphoid cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o . 3, pp. 294–296, March, 1995     

Pharmacokinetics of prednisolone and its impact on cortisol kinetics in the blood serum of apparently healthy human subjects

Individual characteristics of prednisolone and cortisol pharmacokinetics in five young healthy subjects administered prednisolone in a single oral dose of 25 mg are described. The results suggests that prednisolone inhibits the glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex. It is concluded that the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone can be assessed from the reductions in serum cortisol concentration which it causes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 7, pp. 51–54, July, 1996     

Effect of toxin of burned skin on the state of the hemodynamics in rats

Toxin for burned rat skin, purified immunochemically, possesses definite physiological activity against the cardiovascular system of homologous animals. If injected into the blood stream, the toxin lowers the systemic arterial pressure within 2 h from 125±7 to 74±8 mm Hg. The development of systemic hypotension is accompanied by secondary disorders of the microcirculation in the mesentery of the small intestine, characterized by constriction of the arterioles, slowing of the blood flow along the venules, and reduction of the capillary blood flow.Laboratory of Pathological Physiology, Central Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 275–276, March, 1976.     

Effects of tissue injury mediators on thein vitro experession of surface antigens by human lymphocytes

A short-term incubation of healthy donor lymphocytes with adenosine or adenosine diphosphoric acid was shown to reduce the number of cells expressing CD4 antigen and to increase the number of CD8⁺ lymphocytes. The hydra peptide morphogen shifts the balance of immunoregulatory lymphocytes toward a predominance of CD4⁺ cells. A hypothesis of a two-level system for the regulation of surface antigen expression by lymphocytes during exposure to extreme factors is proposed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, No. 2, pp. 196–199, February, 1995 Presented by V. N. Yarygin. Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of ricin and its B-subunit on calcium responses in human lymphocytes

The effect of ricin and its B-subunit on cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ concentration in human lymphocytes was studied using a fluorescence probe. Both agents dose-dependently increased cytosolic free Ca²⁺ by stimulating its release from of thapsigargin-sensitive store. It is suggested that this effect is associated with the increase in cytosolic content of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 3, pp. 274–276, March, 2000     

Androstenedione conversion in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The ability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to convert the androgenic steroid metabolite androstenedione diminishes in women over 45 years old or during menopause. In patients with breast cancer in menopause the ability of lymphocytes to convert androstenedione is enhanced compared with the control. The intensity of conversion in circulating lymphocytes correlates with the blood concentration of sex steroids. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 517–519, May, 1994 Presented by A. N. Klimov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of antiserotonin antibodies on functional activity of T and B lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages

Experiments on C57Bl/6 mice showed that antiserotonin antibodies injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 25 mg/kg or added to cell culture in a dose of 10⁻⁷ mol/ml suppress lymphocyte proliferative response to pokeweed mitogen and stimulate functional activity of macrophages. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 140–142, February, 1998     

Relationship between intracellular cAMP level in intact splenocytes and population composition of cell suspension and cycloxygenase activity

A maximum increment in cAMP was detected by radioimmunoassay on the 30th min ofin vitro incubation of mouse splenocytes in nonfractionated suspension, while in fractionated T or B cells cultures the level of cAMP was the lowest. Removal of A cells from suspension or blocking of endogenous eicosanoid production alters the cAMP curve approximating it to distribution in fractionated lymphocytes. Therefore, splenic macrophages are the main regulators of intracellular cAMP level in intact splenocyte suspension, realizing their effect through cycloxygenase products. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 6, pp. 666–669, June, 1998     

Early stages in the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids on human platelets. Effect of hydrocortisone on intracellular cAMP and Ca2+ content

Changes in basal and stimulated levels of cAMP and calcium induced by hydrocortisone in a wide range of concentration (0.1–25 μM) are studies in a suspension of washed human platelets. The effects of hydrocortisone on the activity of preparations modulating various stages of the adenylate cyclase system (forskolin, adenosine, adrenaline, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) are compared. Platelets are stimulated with collagen, platelet activating factor, and thapsigargin. Hydrocortisone in different concentrations acts as both activator and inhibitor of calcium metabolism in platelets. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 6, pp. 663–665, June, 1997     

Characterization of benzodiazepine receptors of human lymphocytes

It is demonstrated that benzodiazepine binding sites on human peripheral blood lymphocytes are the peripheral type receptors. The binding sites for the selective agonist³H-Ro 5-4864, but not for the antagonist³H-PK 11195, are completely inactivated by freezing-thawing of lymphocytes. The binding of³H-Ro 5-4864 to intact lymphocytes is activated by GABA and (+)baclofen. It is shown that the selective ligands Ro 5-4864 and PK 11195 bind to different subtypes of benzodiazepine receptors on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 10, pp. 405–408, October, 1998     

Count and heterogeneity of human fetal blood lymphocytes in the course of fetal development

Blood specimens from 89 human embryos and fetuses were analyzed by immunological methods during gestation weeks 4–40. All formed elements circulate in fetal blood starting from week 13 of gestation. Lymphocytes predominate among blood leukocytes, because normally lymphocytosis is an inherent, feature of blood. T cells and their subpopulations: active T lymphocytes, Tγ lymphocytes, and theophylline-sensitive and risistant, cells are present. B lymphocytes are represented by cells with immunoglobulins M and G, zero cells, and large granular lymphocytes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126., No. 9, pp. 331–333, September, 1998     

Effect of adriamycin and its complexes with transition metals on induction of immune response of human lymphocytes in culture

Effect of adriamycin on effector cells of humoral and cell immune response can be enhanced or supressed by its complexation with Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺ and Co²⁺. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 7, pp. 60–62, July, 1999     

Expression and secretion of pertussis toxin subunit S1 in Bacillus subtilis

Pertussis toxin (PT) is an important virulence determinant of Bordetella pertussis and one of the major protective antigens against whooping cough. The genes coding for PT have recently been cloned, but attempts to express them in Escherichia coli have been unsuccessful. We therefore explored the possibility of expressing these genes in Bacilius subtilis for which efficient vectors are available. The lack of endotoxin in the Gram-positive Bacillus might be an additional advantage for the production of a vaccine component. A DNA fragment coding for S1, one of the subunits of pertussis toxin, was inserted into an alpha-amylase secretion vector and the recombinant plasmid was introduced into B. subtilis. This resulted in high expression of S1, most of which was secreted and therefore found in the culture supernatant. This supernatant had ADP-ribosylating activity similar to that of PT. Western blot with antiserum to B. pertussis holotoxin showed several proteins ranging in size from 28 kDa to 20 kDa reacting in specific manner. About 10% of the protein recognized by the antiserum was of the size expected for native-size S1. The total amount of S1 proteins (full size and truncated) in the culture supernatant was about 100 mg/l. S1 protein made in B. subtilis was partially purified using chromatography with P-cellulose and Blue Sepharose. This preparation was used to immunize rabbits; the immune serum thus obtained recognized subunit S1 of native pertussis toxin.     

Is the abnormal reaction of lymphocytes of patients with atopic bronchial asthma to adenosine a component of pathogenesis or a compensatory reaction?

After a 30-min incubation in the presence of adenosine, the suppressor activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy subjects decreases as well as the count of CD4⁺ cells, while the count of CD8⁺ cells increases. The suppressor activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with atopic bronchial asthma and the count of CD8⁺ cells increase after a 16-h incubation with adenosine, while a 30-min incubation enhances the expression of CD4 antigen. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 10, pp. 474–477, October, 1996     

Effect of tumor necrosis factor-α on thein vitro synthesis of interleukin-8 by human monocytes and lymphocytes

The addition of recombinant tumor necrosis factor or monoclonal antibodies to this factor into human monocyte culture does not change the synthesis of interleukin-8. By contrast, tumor necrosis factor induces the synthesis of interleukin-8 in human lymphocytes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 8, pp. 200–202, August, 1996     

Distribution of radioactive cortisol in the tissues and media of the eye

Incorporation of cortisol-³H and the dynamics of its accumulation in the tissues and media of the eye (sclera, ciliary body, cornea, iris, capsule of the lens, aqueous humor, vitreous body) were investigated. The intensity of incorporation of cortisol into the tissues and media of the eye and also the rate of its elimination from them were shown to differ. The sclera, cornea, ciliary body, and the capsule of the lens were shown to be target tissues for cortisol.Moscow Helmholtz Scientific-Research Institute of Eye Diseases. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. S. Debov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 401–402, April, 1977.     

Effect of oxipine on the severity of anaphylactic shock and the ratio of lipid fractions in lymphocytes of allergic rabbits

It is shown that oxipine (mexidol; a 3-hydroxypyridine-derived antioxidant) injected intravenously into rabbits in a dose of 10 or 25 mg/kg alleviates the severity of the anaphylactic reaction, lowers the anaphylactic index, and considerably reduces the percentage of anaphylaxic shock-induced mortality. The preparation causes changes in the ratio of the total lipid to phospholipid fractions of lymphocytes, which has distinctive features in intact, primed, and challenged animals. It is thought that the antiallergic effects of oxipine are connected with both inhibition of free-radical oxidation and with the ability of the preparation to alter receptor properties of the allergy target cells due to its effect on the lipid ensembles of the cell membranes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, No 4, pp. 384–386, April, 1995 Presented by P. V. Sergeev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences