2型糖尿病患者个性特征述情障碍与心理护理

目的:探讨2型糖尿患者的个性、特征述情障碍,为实施心理护理提供依据.方法:对符合2型糖尿病诊断标准的60例患者进行了艾森克人格测验(EPQ)和多伦多述情障碍量表的对照研究.结果:2型糖尿病患者情绪不稳,描述性情感能力差,缺乏幻想性等.结论:在实施心理护理时要正视患者的个性特征和述情障碍的现实,针对性的制定心理护理计划.     

你有述情障碍吗

每个人都有一定的描述情感的能力、认识和区别情绪与躯体感受的能力、幻想和想象力,通过思维表达内在的态度、感受、愿望和欲念的能力。当人们不能适当地表达情绪、缺少幻想时,就存在述情障碍。它并非一种独立的精神疾病,而是一种人格特征;也可为某些躯体或精神疾病较易产生的心理特点;或者为其继发症状;并与某些疾病的预后和治疗有关。因此了解它有助于疾病的诊治,有一定的实用意义。     

述情障碍与孕妇不良心理行为的相关性研究

目的 探讨不同情绪表达能力孕妇孕期焦虑症状、抑郁症状、自杀相关心理行为、自伤行为以及酗酒等不良心理行为,为孕期不同情绪表达能力孕妇有针对的心理行为干预提供依据.方法 使用多伦多述情障碍量表、流调中心用抑郁量表、焦虑自评量表、简易应对方式量表、生活事件问卷和自杀、自伤、酗酒等问卷,对1 789名孕妇进行调查.结果 不同文化程度孕妇描述情感能力、认识和区别情绪和躯体感受能力、外向型思维3个因子以及述情障碍总分差异均具有显著统计学意义(均P<0.05),均表现为随着文化程度的增高得分呈下降的趋势.述情障碍各因子得分及总分与消极应对方式、焦虑症状、抑郁症状得分呈显著正相关,而与积极应对得分呈显著负相关(均P<0.05).除外向性思维因子外,述情障碍其他3个因子均与孕妇轻度不良心理行为(自杀意念、自伤行为、酗酒行为)有关,而与严重的心理行为(自杀计划、自杀行为)关系不明显.结论 述情障碍与孕期轻度不良心理行为有关,孕期应加强对述情障碍孕妇不良心理行为的关注.     

孕妇A型行为与情绪表达及既往妊娠经历的关系

目的 探讨不同行为类型孕妇的情绪表达能力,以及不同行为类型的既往妊娠情况,为不同行为类型孕妇心理健康促进和生殖健康干预提供依据.方法 使用A型行为类型评定量表、多伦多述情障碍量表和孕妇既往妊娠情况等问卷,对1 789名孕妇进行调查.结果 典型A型行为比例为2.9%,典型B型行为比例为32.2%.孕妇的行为类型从典型A型向典型B型过度时,描述情感能力、认识及区别情绪和躯体感受能力、述情障碍总分均呈下降趋势(F值分别为24.227、22.284、10.357,P<0.05),而缺乏幻想因子得分则相反(F=10.787,P<0.05).首次妊娠比例典型A型和偏A型行为孕妇比例最低;既往妊娠次数、药物流产率、人工流产率均表现为典型A型和偏A型行为孕妇次数最高.结论 不同行为类型孕妇情绪表达能力存在一定差异,A型行为类型与既往流产经历有关.     

从老年男性失眠症患者述情障碍与临床症状相关性研究得到的启示

目的探讨老年男性失眠症患者的述情障碍状况与临床症状严重程度的相关性。方法对23例老年男性失眠症患者和健康志愿者采用多伦多述情障碍量表进行评定。结果老年失眠症患者多伦多述情障碍量表总分及F1和F2因子分均高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。结论老年男性失眠症患者存在明显的述情障碍,主要表现为感受辨认和感受描述能力方面。     

大学生述情障碍对主观幸福感的影响

探讨大学生述情障碍对主观幸福感的影响,为增强大学生自我了解与改善心理健康水平提供依据.方法 方便选取宁夏大学大一至大四本科生426名,使用多伦多述情障碍(TAS-20)中文版量表和主观幸福感(SWB)量表进行测试.结果 大学生的述情障碍得分在性别、是否独生子女、学科上差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),主观幸福感总分在学科、是否独生子女、年级间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).大学生述情障碍得分与主观幸福感得分呈负相关(P<0.01).述情障碍量表中的情感识别障碍和情感描述障碍对主观幸福感有负向预测作用(P值均<0.01).结论 大学生主观幸福感受述情障碍的影响.增强情感识别和情感描述能力能够提升大学生主观幸福感.     

老年糖尿病患者述情障碍现状及影响因素分析

目的 探讨老年糖尿病患者述情障碍现状并分析其影响因素。方法 通过方便抽样的方法选取三所三甲医院180名老年糖尿病患者为研究对象，采用一般情况调查表、多伦多述情障碍量表以及Barthel指数评定量表对其调查。采用χ2检验和logistic回归进行相关统计分析。结果 老年糖尿病患者述情障碍的发生率为45%，主要表现为情感识别障碍和情感表达障碍。logistic回归结果显示，文化程度为小学[OR = 2.536,95%CI = (1.847,3.482)]、初中[OR = 1.529,95%CI = (1.082,2.159)]、在职[OR = 8.777,95%CI = (0.984,78.309)]、日常生活能力中为轻度依赖[OR = 2.044,95%CI = (1.154,3.620]，中度依赖[OR = 2.337,95%CI = (1.811,3.016)]，重度依赖[OR = 4.570,95%CI = (3.268,6.389)]；合并其他疾病[OR = 3.939,95%CI = (2.363,6.535)]；有并发症[OR = 1.683,95%CI = (1.024,2.779)]的患者更容易发生述情障碍。结论 老年糖尿病患者述情障碍发生率高且程度较严重，护理人员应加强对患者的社会支持及心理支持，以提高患者的情感认知能力、自我管理能力及社会适应能力，从而提高患者的生活质量。     

抑郁症患者心理韧性在述情障碍与情绪自我效能感间的中介效应

目的 探讨抑郁症患者心理韧性在述情障碍与情绪自我效能感间的中介效应。方法 选择2018年3月—2020年6月本院收治的130例抑郁症患者,其中123例患者符合研究要求。应用心理韧性量表、述情障碍量表及情绪自我效能感量表分别评估患者心理韧性、述情障碍及情绪自我效能感等。应用Pearson法分析心理韧性、述情障碍和情绪自我效能感的相关性;应用AMOS 21.0软件构成以心理韧性为中介变量的拟合模型,采用最大似然比法修正并拟合模型,并通过Boostrap法验证心理韧性的中介效应。结果 123例抑郁症患者心理韧性评分、述情障碍及情绪自我效能感分别为(58.37±6.54)、(54.91±8.99)和(28.17±4.08)分。心理韧性和情感自我效能呈现正相关(r=0.478, P<0.001),心理韧性和情感自我效能感与述情障碍呈负相关(r=-0.56、-0.424, P<0.001)。抑郁症患者情绪自我效能感对述情障碍的直接效应为-0.645,情绪自我效能感对心理韧性的直接效应为0.741,心理韧性对述情障碍的直接效应为-0.235,且情绪自我效能感通过心理韧性对述情障碍产生的间...     

冷漠是不是心理问题

5个表现判断是否有情绪表达障碍 上世纪60年代,临床实践发现,心身疾病患者往往存在情感表达困难,称之为“述情障碍”。述情障碍即情绪表达障碍,指不能够用相应的语言来描述自己的情绪状态。     

原发性肺癌患者的述情障碍表现及护理对策

目的调查原发性肺癌患者的述情障碍表现，研究其规律性。方法71例原发性肺癌患者（肺癌组）治疗前接受了“多伦多述情障碍量表（TAS-20）”评估，并与63例正常人（对照组）比较。结果肺癌组的“难以识别自己的情感”、“难以描述自己的情感”、外向性思维等因子评分和TAS总分均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01—0．05）。结论原发性肺癌患者有明显的述情障碍表现，医护人员应制定有针对性的干预对策。     

Emotion recognition and alexithymia in females with non-clinical disordered eating

ObjectivesThe aims were to determine if emotion recognition deficits observed in eating disorders generalise to non-clinical disordered eating and to establish if other psychopathological and personality factors contributed to, or accounted for, these deficits.DesignFemales with high (n = 23) and low (n = 22) scores on the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) were assessed on their ability to recognise emotion from videotaped social interactions. Participants also completed a face memory task, a Stroop task, and self-report measures of alexithymia, depression and anxiety.ResultsRelative to the low EDI group, high EDI participants exhibited a general deficit in recognition of emotion, which was related to their scores on the alexithymia measure and the bulimia subscale of the EDI. They also exhibited a specific deficit in the recognition of anger, which was related to their scores on the body dissatisfaction subscale of the EDI.ConclusionsIn line with clinical eating disorders, non-clinical disordered eating is associated with emotion recognition deficits. However, the nature of these deficits appears to be dependent upon the type of eating psychopathology and the degree of co-morbid alexithymia.     

Alexithymia and facial emotion recognition in patients with eating disorders

OBJECTIVE: Patients with anorexia or bulimia nervosa are reported to show high levels of alexithymia and to have difficulties recognizing facially displayed emotions. The current study tested whether it could be that facial emotion recognition is a basic skill that is independent from alexithymia. METHOD: We assessed emotion recognition skills and alexithymia in a group of 79 female inpatients with eating disorders and compared them with a group of 78 healthy female controls. Instruments used were the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Facially Expressed Emotion Labeling (FEEL) test, and the revised Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between patients and controls in their emotion recognition scores, but patients with eating disorders displayed significantly more alexithymia and psychopathology. Emotion recognition in patients was not related to alexithymia, psychopathology, or clinical symptoms. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the reported alexithymia of patients with eating disorders is complex and independent from basic facial emotion recognition.     

Alexithymia and eating behaviour in severely obese patients

Background: Alexithymia is the inability to express feelings with words and comprises a psychological construct frequently found in obese individuals. In eating disordered patients who show a tendency to lose control over food intake, personality traits with alexithymic characteristics have been demonstrated. The present cross‐sectional study investigated the relationships between alexithymia and eating behaviour in severely obese patients. Methods: This study analysed 150 obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and 132 subjects at more than 1 year after biliopancreatic diversion (BPD), when body weight has steadily normalised and any preoccupation with weight, food and diet has been completely abandoned. Obese and operated subjects completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and eating behaviour was assessed via a semi‐structured interview exploring binge eating disorder (BED), night eating and emotional eating, as well as by utilisation of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). Results: Although alexithymic patients showed deranged eating behaviour, as evaluated by the TFEQ scores, the frequency of BED, night eating and emotional eating was similar in alexithymic (TAS > 60) and non‐alexithymic patients. However, the prevalence of alexithymia was similar in obese and BPD subjects, whereas, in the operated subjects, TFEQ scores were lower (P < 0.005) than those in obese patients. Conclusions: These data suggest that, in severely obese patients, alexithymia does not influence eating behaviour; in severely obese patients, the tendency to lose control over food intake apparently represents a psychological construct that is substantially independent from alexithymia.     

Comparison of trait and ability measures of emotional intelligence in medical students

Context  Emotional intelligence (EI), the ability to perceive emotions in the self and others, and to understand, regulate and use such information in productive ways, is believed to be important in health care delivery for both recipients and providers of health care. There are two types of EI measure: ability and trait. Ability and trait measures differ in terms of both the definition of constructs and the methods of assessment. Ability measures conceive of EI as a capacity that spans the border between reason and feeling. Items on such a measure include showing a person a picture of a face and asking what emotion the pictured person is feeling; such items are scored by comparing the test-taker's response to a keyed emotion. Trait measures include a very large array of non-cognitive abilities related to success, such as self-control. Items on such measures ask individuals to rate themselves on such statements as: 'I generally know what other people are feeling.' Items are scored by giving higher scores to greater self-assessments. We compared one of each type of test with the other for evidence of reliability, convergence and overlap with personality.
Methods  Year 1 and 2 medical students completed the Meyer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT, an ability measure), the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS, a trait measure) and an industry standard personality test (the Neuroticism–Extroversion–Openness [NEO] test).
Results  The MSCEIT showed problems with reliability. The MSCEIT and the WLEIS did not correlate highly with one another (overall scores correlated at 0.18). The WLEIS was more highly correlated with personality scales than the MSCEIT.
Conclusions  Different tests that are supposed to measure EI do not measure the same thing. The ability measure was not correlated with personality, but the trait measure was correlated with personality.     

人格特征与疾病关系研究

人格特征与疾病的关系得到广泛研究,结果表明人格特征与疾病之间具有紧密联系.研究发现,A型人格与冠心病有关;C型人格与癌症有关;易患病人格与多种疾病都有关系.个体人格特征影响疾病的因素主要有情绪因素、应激时的生理变化和行为因素.本文提出了一些干预措施,主要包括建立健康的生活方式、保持乐观的态度和获得社会支持.     

人格特征与疾病关系研究

人格特征与疾病的关系得到广泛研究,结果表明人格特征与疾病之间具有紧密联系。研究发现,A型人格与冠心病有关;C型人格与癌症有关;易患病人格与多种疾病都有关系。个体人格特征影响疾病的因素主要有情绪因素、应激时的生理变化和行为因素。本文提出了一些干预措施,主要包括建立健康的生活方式、保持乐观的态度和获得社会支持。     

岸勤军人述情障碍特点及与心身症状的关系

目的探讨海军岸勤官兵的述情障碍特点及述情障碍程度与心身症状的关系。方法采用20个条目多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-20)中文版、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和一般资料问卷对761名岸勤官兵进行测评。将被试按职别分为义务兵组、士官组和军官组,按TAS得分高低分为述情障碍高、中、低分组,将测评结果进行比较及相关分析。结果士官组TAS量表F3因子分显著高于义务兵和军官组(P0.05);述情障碍高分组SCL-90的10个因子得分均显著高于中、低分组(P0.05);相关分析显示,F3因子分与年龄间呈显著负相关(r=-0.101,P0.05);TAS总分及各因子分与教育年限间呈显著负相关(r=-0.079~-0.200,P0.05);SCL-90中除精神病性因子与TAS总分和F1、F2因子分呈显著正相关外(r=0.295、0.332、0.276,P0.05),其他9个因子分与TAS总分及3个因子分均呈显著正相关(r=0.075~0.523,P0.05)。结论岸勤官兵中士官内在的感受能力差于义务兵和军官;教育程度高的官兵述情障碍程度较低;高述情障碍者倾向于有更明显的心身症状,通过心理干预改善述情障碍情况将有助于提高心身健康水平。     

儿童1型糖尿病患者的个性特征分析

目的 了解儿童1型糖尿病患的个性特征，分析不同病程以及不同病情控制情况儿童的个性特点。方法 了解患的一般情况，测定糖化血红蛋白，同时运用艾森克个性问卷对哈尔滨市1型糖尿病患45例的个性进行调查。结果 艾森克个性问卷的3个个性维度中，只有情绪稳定性维度，患儿的T分显高于常模；患在内外倾向维度中的分布与常模相比差异有显性；病程不同的患的个性特点之间差异无显性；病情控制程度不同的患的个性差异无显性。结论 儿童1型糖尿病患的个性与常模比较，具有神经质倾向，但是在病情控制程度不同或病程长短不同的患中，没有一定的个性特征。     

Emotional processing in children with conduct problems and callous/unemotional traits

Background A considerable body of evidence now suggests that conduct problem (CP) children with callous/unemotional (CU) traits differ in many ways from CP children without these characteristics. Previous research has suggested that there are important differences for youth with CP and CU characteristics in their ability to process emotional information. The current study investigated the ability of children with disruptive behaviour disorders to label emotional faces and stories. Methods Participants (aged 7–12) were involved in a summer day treatment and research programme for children with disruptive behaviour problems. Two tasks were administered that were designed to measure participant's ability to recognize and label facial expressions of emotion, as well as their ability to label emotions in hypothetical situations. Results Results indicated that children with higher levels of CU traits, regardless of whether they had elevated CP scores, were less accurate in identifying sad facial expressions. Interestingly, children with higher CU scores were more accurate in labelling fear than were children with lower CU scores, while children with high CP but low CU traits were less accurate than other children in interpreting fearful facial emotions. Further, children's recognition of various emotional vignettes was not associated with CP, CU traits or their interaction. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that it was the combination of CP and a high number of CU traits that differentiated emotional attributions. Consistent with previous research, youth with CU traits had more difficulty in identifying sad facial expressions. However, contrasting with some previous studies, higher CU traits were associated with more accurate perceptions of fearful expressions. It is possible that there is something specific to fear recognition for individuals with more psychopathic, CU traits that actually make them more successful for observing or recognizing fearful expressions. Additional research is needed to clarify both the recognition and processing of fear expression in CP children with and without CU.