辅酶Q10在免疫调节中的作用

目的:研究辅酶Q10对小鼠免疫调节功能的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法:从细胞免疫、体液免疫、单核-巨噬细胞吞噬作用及自然杀伤细胞的攻击作用四方面观察辅酶Q10对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果:与阴性对照组(蒸馏水)和溶剂对照组(植物油)比较,辅酶Q10 8.0、12.0和24.0 mg/kg.BW剂量组均能提高ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力;4.0、8.0和12.0 mg/kg.BW剂量组均能增加小鼠左后足跖部厚度差24 h测量值;12.0和24.0 mg/kg.BW剂量组均能提高小鼠溶血空斑数;4.0、8.0、12.0和24.0 mg/kg.BW剂量组均能提高小鼠NK细胞活性及小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率;12.0 mg/kg.BW剂量组能提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬指数。结论:辅酶Q10具有增强小鼠免疫力作用,其作用机制可能与辅酶Q10能激活NK细胞、T细胞、巨噬细胞功能及清除氧自由基、稳定膜电位等有关。     

辅酶Q10与营养素联合使用对大鼠体内抗氧化状态的影响

目的研究辅酶Q10(CoQ10,CQ)以及CoQ10与混合类胡萝卜素(番茄红素和叶黄素,LL)、锌硒(ZS)联合使用对大鼠抗氧化状态的影响。方法以AIN-76配方为基础制备大鼠饲料,并添加4%猪油,将大鼠按体重随机分为6组:对照组、CQ组[CQ 10mg/(kg·d)]、CQ+ZS组[CQ 10mg/(kg·d),Zn 1mg/(kg·d),Se 4μg/(kg·d)]、CQ+LL组[CQ 10mg/(kg·d),叶黄素1mg/(kg·d),番茄红素2mg/(kg·d)]、CQ+ZS+LL组[CQ 10mg/(kg·d),Zn 1mg/(kg·d),Se 4μg/(kg·d),叶黄素1mg/(kg·d),番茄红素2mg/(kg·d)]以及VE组[VE 2mg/(kg·d)]。8周后处死大鼠,测定各项抗氧化指标。结果CoQ10单独补充组血浆SOD、TOAC及肝SOD、GPX水平显著高于对照组,与其他物质联合补充能更进一步提高大鼠血浆和肝匀浆抗氧化酶活性,降低脂质过氧化和淋巴细胞自发性氧化损伤水平。结论CoQ10可以提高大鼠抗氧化能力,降低氧化损伤,与其他抗氧化物质联合补充的效果要强于单独补充。     

Augmenting effect of vitrification on lipid peroxidation in mouse preantral follicle during cultivation: Modulation by coenzyme Q10

Cryopreservation-induced oxidative stress (OS) may lead to lipid peroxidation, which may be responsible for decreased cell survival rate. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) as a potent antioxidant may improve cell viability by neutralizing OS. In this study, oxidative lipid injury following the vitrification of preantral follicles was investigated. The effects of CoQ10 treatment on the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, lipid peroxidation products, and activities of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants of vitrified preantral follicles were also studied. Preantral follicles were isolated from immature mouse ovaries and were vitrified. After warming, these follicles were cultured with or without CoQ10 for four days. The levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and MDA, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT), were assessed at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of culture period. The MDA level in the vitrified preantral follicles was higher than that in the fresh groups. By contrast, the MDA level was significantly lower in the groups with CoQ10 treatment than in those without this treatment during cultivation. The TAC level was higher in the fresh preantral follicles than in the vitrified groups. The rates were also higher in the CoQ10-treated groups than in those without this treatment. The activities of SOD, GPX, and CAT were also significantly higher in the fresh groups than in the vitrified groups, especially in the groups with CoQ10 treatment than in those without this treatment. Lowering the vitrification-induced lipid peroxidation of preantral follicles by CoQ10-supplemented maturation medium may be mediated by increasing SOD, GPX, and CAT activities and TAC level during cultivation.     

Effect of coenzyme Q10 and Ardisia japonica Blume on plasma and liver lipids, platelet aggregation, and erythrocyte Na efflux channels in simvastatin-treated guinea pigs

Forty guinea pigs were divided into four groups and fed 0.04% cholesterol based control diet, plus 0.05% simvastatin, and statin plus 0.1% CoQ10 or 10% Ardisia Japonica Blume (AJB) leave powder for 4 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol levels decreased significantly in all groups fed the statin-containing diet compared with that in guinea pigs fed the control diet (P < 0.01). Plasma and liver triglycerides decreased significantly in the statin plus CoQ10 group compared with those in the control (both P < 0.05). Maximum platelet aggregation was significantly higher in the statin plus CoQ10 group than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). Na-K ATPase activity increased in the statin group and decreased in the statin plus CoQ10 group (P < 0.01). Na-K co-transport and Na passive transport decreased significantly in the control group compared with those in the other groups (both P < 0.05). Intracellular Na was highest in the statin group and lowest in the statin plus CoQ10 group and was correlated with Na-K ATPase activity. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance production in platelet-rich plasma and liver tended to decrease in the statin plus CoQ10 group compared with those in the other groups. Plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase increased significantly in the statin group compared with those in the control (P < 0.05). These result suggest that antioxidant rich AJB did not have positive effects on cardiovascular disease parameters. The statin plus CoQ10 seemed to decrease cholesterol more efficiently than that of statin alone.     

辅酶Q10改善冠心病无症状心肌缺血的效果与评价

目的评价辅酶Q10治疗冠心病无症状性心肌缺血的疗效与安全性。方法随机将84例冠心病无症状心肌缺血患者分为两组,其中治疗组42例,采用辅酶Q10治疗;对照组42例,服用安慰剂。同时两组均服用硝酸异山梨酯、阿司匹林、阿托伐他汀钙片,治疗10周。治疗前后进行24 h动态心电图监测,对比观察缺血及其相关指标。结果治疗10周后,两组治疗后动态心电图ST段压低的次数、持续时间均明显改善,与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组组间比较,治疗组的疗效显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间未见辅酶Q10明显不良反应。结论辅酶Q10治疗冠心病无症状性心肌缺血有效、安全,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Atorvastatin increases blood ratios of vitamin E/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coenzyme Q10/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic patients

Statins are among the most widely used drugs in the management of hypercholesterolemia. In addition to inhibiting endogenous cholesterol synthesis, however, statins decrease coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) synthesis. CoQ10 has been reported to have antioxidant properties, and administration of drugs that decrease CoQ10 synthesis might lead to increased oxidative stress in vivo. Our present study examined the hypothesis that atorvastatin increased oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic patients due to its inhibition of CoQ10 synthesis. We investigated the effects of atorvastatin (10 mg/d) administration for 5 months on lowering hypercholesterolemia and blood antioxidant status. The study population included 19 hypercholesterolemic outpatients. Blood levels of lipid and antioxidant markers, consisting of vitamin C, vitamin E, CoQ10, and glutathione (GSH), and urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were examined pre- and postadministration of atorvastatin. Atorvastatin administration resulted in a significant decrease in blood levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, vitamin E, and CoQ10 (P < .05); however, a significant increase in the ratios of vitamin E/LDL cholesterol and CoQ10/LDL cholesterol was noted (P < .05). Atorvastatin had no significant effect on red blood cell (RBC) level of GSH and urinary 8-OHdG. The present study provides evidence that atorvastatin exerts a hypocholesterolemic effect, but on the basis of the urinary level of 8-OHdG and the blood ratios of vitamin E/LDL cholesterol and CoQ10/LDL cholesterol, has no oxidative stress-inducing effect.     

Effect of Coenzyme Q10 and green tea on plasma and liver lipids, platelet aggregation, TBARS production and erythrocyte Na leak in simvastatin treated hypercholesterolmic rats

This study was conducted to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effect of simvastatin (30 mg/kg BW) and antioxidant effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, 15 mg/kg BW) or green tea (5%) on erythrocyte Na leak, platelet aggregation and TBARS production in hypercholesterolemic rats treated with statin. Food efficiency ratio (FER, ADG/ADFI) was decreased in statin group and increased in green tea group, and the difference between these two groups was significant (p<0.05). Plasma total cholesterol was somewhat increased in all groups with statin compared with control. Plasma triglyceride was decreased in statin group and increased in groups of CoQ10 and green tea, and the difference between groups of statin and green tea was significant (p<0.05). Liver total cholesterol was not different between the control and statin group, but was significantly decreased in the group with green tea compared with other groups (p<0.05). Liver triglyceride was decreased in groups of statin and green tea compared with the control, and the difference between groups of the control and green tea was significant (p<0.05). Platelet aggregation of both the initial slope and the maximum was not significantly different, but the group with green tea tended to be higher in initial slope and lower in the maximum. Intracellular Na of group with green tea was significantly higher than the control or statin group (p<0.05). Na leak in intact cells was significantly decreased in the statin group compared with the control (p<0.05). Na leak in AAPH treated cells was also significantly reduced in the statin group compared with groups of the control and CoQ10 (p<0.05). TBARS production in platelet rich plasma was significantly decreased in the groups with CoQ10 and green tea compared with the control and statin groups (p<0.05). TBARS of liver was significantly decreased in the group with green tea compared with the statin group (p<0.05). In the present study, even a high dose of statin did not show a cholesterol lowering effect, therefore depletion of CoQ10 following statin treatment in rats is not clear. More clinical studies are needed for therapeutic use of CoQ10 as an antioxidant in prevention of degenerative diseases independent of statin therapy.     

液质联用法同时测定保健食品中维生素E、维生素E乙酸酯和辅酶Q10

目的采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS),建立保健食品中维生素E、维生素E乙酸酯和辅酶Q10的检测方法。方法样品经过乙腈超声提取(50℃),采用HPLC-MS/MS法进行检测。色谱条件:采用Agilent Eclipse-plus C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙醇-甲醇(含0.1%甲酸)溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为0.2 ml/min,柱温为35℃。质谱条件:电喷雾离子源(ESI+),干燥气温度为250℃,鞘气流速为11 L/min,源电压为4 kV,检测方式为多重反应监测(MRM)模式。结果维生素E、维生素E乙酸酯和辅酶Q10在相应的浓度范围内与峰面积都呈良好线性关系(r>0.99),加样回收率为78.1%~96.3%,精密度RSD<6%,方法检出限在0.008μg/g^0.15μg/g。结论此方法测定快速准确、灵敏度高,专属性强,可用于保健食品中维生素E、维生素E乙酸酯和辅酶Q10的检测。     

Changes in content of coenzyme Q10 in beef muscle, beef liver and beef heart with cooking and in vitro digestion

The goals of this study were to determine the contents and digestibility of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in beef muscle, beef liver and beef heart, which are rich in coenzyme Q10, as well as the effects of cooking on coenzyme Q10 content. Coenzyme Q10 contents were found as 109.97 ± 1.54 μg/g in beef heart, 33.34 ± 1.43 μg/g in beef liver and 23.47 ± 1.06 μg/g in beef M. longissimus dorsi muscle. The lowest retention in coenzyme Q10 content was found as 69.42 ± 0.56% (p < 0.01) in beef heart after frying processing. Coenzyme Q10 retentions were also found as 76.38 ± 0.89% and 77.19 ± 1.09% after frying of beef liver and boiling of beef M. longissimus dorsi muscle, respectively. Digestibility of coenzyme Q10 in beef heart (65.84 ± 0.84%) and beef liver (68.17 ± 0.60%) was significantly higher than the digestibility of coenzyme Q10 in beef M. longissimus dorsi muscle (60.16 ± 0.53%) (p < 0.01).     

Effect of coenzyme Q10 evaluated by 1990 and 2010 ACR Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia and SCL-90-R: Four case reports and literature review

Recently, Coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) deficiency has been implicated in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia (FM). It is our objective to present the findings of the FM evaluation before and after oral CoQ₁₀ treatment using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Diagnostic Criteria of 1990 and 2010, and Symptom Checklist-Revised (Scl-90-R). Four patients with FM were examined using the trigger points, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, visual analog scale (pain, fatigue, and sleep), Widespread Pain Index, symptom severity scale, and Scl-90-R. Previously, CoQ₁₀ contents from patients were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. All patients showed CoQ₁₀ deficiency. All patients meet the ACR 1990 and 2010 criteria. After treatment, all patients showed an important improvement in clinical symptoms in all evaluation methods. According to our results, and evaluated by three methods, patients with FM are candidates for treatment with CoQ₁₀. However, more controlled clinical trials and investigations are needed to clarify the precise mechanism(s) by which CoQ₁₀ may contribute in pathological and therapeutic processes of FM and to provide data on its effectiveness in FM.