主动脉支架植入术治疗胸主动脉疾病的效果

目的:探讨胸主动脉疾病支架植入术治疗的适应证和疗效。方法: 对79例胸主动脉疾病行主动脉支架植入的疗效进行回顾性分析。79例患者中,Stanford A型主动脉夹层动脉瘤18例,Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤49例;主动脉瘤5例;外伤性胸主动脉破裂7例。术前采用CT血管造影(CTA)或磁共振血管造影(MRA)对主动脉进行评估。18例Stanford A型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者行术中支架置入,其余61例患者在数字减影血管造影(DSA)下经股动脉或髂动脉行支架腔内隔绝术。结果: 内漏8例（10%）,4例于术后3月内自行闭合,1例再次腔内隔绝治疗,3例未进一步治疗;死亡8例（10%）均在术后1月内,其中3例死于神经系统并发症, 4例死于严重的合并症,1例死于主动脉瘤破裂。随访生存3年以上7例（9%）,2年以上14例（18%）,1年以上26例（33%）,1年以内24例(30%)。结论: 主动脉支架植入术可减少手术风险,降低病死率,广泛适用于各种胸主动脉疾病。     

血管内带膜支架置入术在主动脉夹层治疗中的初步应用

目的 :探讨血管内带膜支架置入术治疗主动脉夹层的疗效。方法 :采用MedtronicTalentTM带膜支架置入治疗 5例StanfordB型亚急性期主动脉夹层患者 ,在全麻、数字减影血管造影术 (DSA)监控下 ,切开股动脉 ,将带膜支架系统置入降主动脉内膜破裂口处 ,封闭破口。结果 :所有患者带膜支架置入后破口完全封闭 ,真腔血流恢复正常 ,技术成功率 10 0 %。无急诊开胸手术、截瘫、瘤体破裂等严重并发症 ,无围手术期死亡。 1例术中发生新的StanfordA型夹层 ,所有患者在 1～ 8[平均 (4 .5 5± 2 .1) ]个月的随访期内经螺旋CT证实无内漏及支架移位等并发症发生。结论 :血管内带膜支架置入术治疗亚急性降主动脉夹层具有技术可靠、安全性高、术后恢复快、手术成功率高等优点 ,可望部分替代外科开胸手术     

StanfordB型胸主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术治疗的经验探讨

目的探讨主动脉腔内隔绝术在治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层（aorticdissection，AD）的价值。方法回顾性分析我院2005—2008年行腔内隔绝术的17例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的资料。结果所有患者均完成带膜支架置入，术后1个月CTA随访14例假腔完全血栓化，夹层破裂死亡1例，出现新发破口2例，内漏1例。结论带膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层是一种安全有效的方法，但术前破口定位。术中真腔确认及支架定位是手术成功的关键。     

腔内带膜支架植入术治疗胸主动脉瘤效果评价

目的评价腔内带膜支架植入术治疗胸主动脉瘤的效果。方法50例胸主动脉瘤患者随机分为对照组和观察组，对照组采用传统的开胸行人工血管置换术治疗，观察组采用腔内带膜支架植入术。对两组患者术后临床症状、ICU滞留时间、卧床时间、术后住院时间、并发症发生情况、术后1a生存率及1a无心脏意外率等情况进行比较。结果观察组ICU滞留时间、卧床时间、术后住院时间均明显少于对照组，且术后未见明显并发症。结论腔内带膜支架植入术治疗胸主动脉瘤患者效果佳、安全。     

17例DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的腔内修复治疗

目的:探讨17例DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层腔内修复治疗的经验和临床效果.方法:17例急性胸背痛患者经CT动脉造影(CTA)确诊为DeBakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层.依据术前CTA影像资料和数字减影血管造影(DSA)结果确认夹层破口位置,选择合适的带膜人工血管支架,在DSA监视下施行带膜人工血管支架移植术.术后1个月和术后6个月～1年行CTA检查,观察手术疗效以及有无内漏、支架移位和塌陷等术后并发症.结果:17手术成功,1 例术后3 d夹层进展为A型,3个月后死亡.无术后截瘫,无内漏、支架移位和塌陷发生.结论:腔内修复术治疗DeBakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层创伤小,严重并发症少,近期和中期疗效满意.     

Stanford A型夹层动脉瘤112例手术治疗体会

目的 提高Stanford A型夹层动脉瘤的治疗水平.方法 对112例Stanford A型夹层动脉瘤患者根据升主动脉受累部位分别采用直接升主动脉人造血管置换或David、Bentall 、Carbrol、 Wheat手术,主动脉弓部受累者置入带分支人工血管,胸降主动脉受累者同时行"象鼻"或"支架象鼻"手术.结果 110例手术顺利,术中出血200～1 600 ml,共植入人工血管123条;术中死亡2例.术后出现并发症22例,死亡3例.本组康复出院107例,术后2 a内复查无移植物感染、栓塞狭窄,均能行轻度体力劳动,心功能Ⅰ级85例,Ⅱ级22例.结论 手术是治疗Stanford A型夹层动脉瘤首选治疗方法,应根据累及部位选择不同术式,预防术中出血、缩短体外循环时间是手术成功的关键.     

主动脉覆膜血管内支架治疗DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的临床疗效

目的 总结主动脉覆膜血管内支架治疗DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的临床疗效.方法 选取本院2009年8月至2014年7月经CT增强扫描确诊为DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的患者63例,从股动脉植入主动脉覆膜血管内支架,封堵破口.植入后重复进行血管造影检查.结果 血管内支架植入全部成功.术后造影60例无内漏,3例轻度内漏,1例出现左上肢缺血.随访CT检查1～3年,未出现脊髓损伤、支架移位等并发症,大部分胸背痛等症状消失.结论 主动脉覆膜血管内支架是治疗胸主动脉瘤的有效方法,近期疗效满意.     

主动脉全弓置换及支架象鼻手术治疗De Bakey I型主动脉夹层（附2例报告）

对2例De Bakey I型主动脉夹层患者行主动脉全弓置换及支架象鼻手术。术后患者心功能良好，人造血管通畅。术后4个月彩超和MRI示支架远端主动脉真腔扩张良好，假腔内血栓充填。     

腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤107例分析

目的 探讨应用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的方法和效果.方法 对107例(男88例,女19例,年龄28～83岁)主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.术前采用CT血管成像(computerized tomography angiography,CTA)、经胸心脏超声(transthoracic echocardiography,TTE)、磁共振血管成像(magnetic resonance aniography,MRA)等技术对主动脉夹层动脉瘤进行评估.术中穿刺左肱动脉行主动脉造影了解破口的位置及撕裂的范围,在数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)监视下经股动脉将覆膜支架送入胸降主动脉封闭夹层破口.结果 107例成功进行了主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术.术后主动脉造影证实夹层裂口完全封闭或内漏明显减少,无中转开胸手术.术后随访1～48个月,术后1个月3例死亡.104例行CTA复查,术后3个月,所有患者内膜破裂口封闭,胸降主动脉真腔扩大,假腔内血栓形成,支架位置、形态正常.术后6个月,1例再发生升主动脉夹层,置入一枚支架后后假腔消失.术后1年,主动脉均未见病变.结论 覆膜支架腔内隔绝术是治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的安全、有效的方法,近期疗效好.手术死亡率和并发症发生率低,手术成功率和生存率高.     

带膜血管内支架置入治疗B型主动脉夹层

目的:探讨带膜血管内支架置入治疗B型主动脉夹层的效果。方法:B型主动脉夹层5例,切开股动脉置入带膜血管内支架封堵原发破口后重复造影检查。结果:均成功置入支架,置入的人造血管支架使降主动脉和腹主动脉真腔扩大,明显改善降主动脉及分支血管血流。术后4例患者肾功能恢复正常,1例内漏患者术后随诊,7个月后消失,夹层近端假腔内均有血栓形成。结论:带膜血管内支架置入是B型主动脉夹层有效的治疗途径,远期效果还有待进一步观察。     

覆膜支架腔内治疗急性胸主动脉综合征

目的 评价覆膜支架腔内治疗急性胸主动脉综合征的有效性和安全性。方法 2001年5月至2005年12月应用覆膜支架治疗57例急性胸主动脉综合征患者,其中急性主动脉B型夹层45例,穿透性粥样硬化性溃疡（PAU）或假性动脉瘤9例,创伤性胸主动脉瘤3例。建立数据库,分析其临床特点、疗效及随访结果。结果 57例患者覆膜支架置入技术成功率100％。5例有近端内漏,1例术中出现升主动脉夹层,未予特殊处理,随访结果良好;1例术后7天出现升主动脉夹层并发心包填塞死亡。5例PAU或主动脉夹层合并冠心病患者,在应用覆膜支架成功完全封闭破口后立即行冠状动脉介入治疗成功。1例出现术后一过性双下肢无力,经静脉滴注山莨菪碱和甘露醇2天后痊愈。1例支架覆盖左锁骨下动脉开口导致左椎动脉缺血,嗜睡2天后自行好转。术后重症监护病房时间1～8（平均3．5）天,术后平均住院10天。术后30天内死亡2例,1例死于升主动脉夹层破裂,1例死于急性肾衰竭。术后30天内死亡率3．5％。术后平均随访（25．3±13．1）（13—55）个月。1例于术后3个月死于大咯血,1例死因不明。1例因近端内漏行二次腔内修复术。5例患者因降主动脉覆膜支架远端再发现破口,行二次腔内修复术。术后截瘫发生率为0,无支架移位、狭窄等并发症。术后住院及随访期内总死亡率为7．0％。与传统手术相比,腔内治疗急性胸主动脉综合征具有创伤小、严重并发症少、住院时间较短的优势。结论 覆膜支架是治疗急性胸主动脉综合征优良且有效的方法,也可用于外科手术高风险患者,近中期随访结果良好,远期结果有待于进一步随访。     

Type A dissection following endovascular thoracic aortic stent-graft repair.

PURPOSE: To describe our experience with endovascular stent-graft repairs in the thoracic aorta focusing on the secondary complication of type A dissection. METHODS: Between January 1996 and April 2004, 73 patients were treated for traumatic thoracic aortic rupture (n=15), type B dissection (n=22), or atherosclerotic descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA, n=36). A retrospective review of the records found 5 (6.8%) patients (3 men; median age 64 years, range 43-87) who experienced a type A dissection at a median 20 days (range 2-124) after thoracic stent-graft repair for 3 type B dissections, 1 TAA, and a late type I endoleak that appeared 28 months after initial stent-graft repair of a traumatic dissection. RESULTS: In 3 patients (2 dissections, 1 endoleak), a tear in the aortic wall at the proximal stent-graft was responsible for a retrograde type A dissection. Underlying disease was the cause of the type A dissection in the 2 other patients (1 dissection, 1 TAA) and was unrelated to the stent-grafts. Three patients underwent open surgery at 3, 26, and 124 days after stent-graft placement; 2 procedures were successful, but the third patient died 3 months later due to multiorgan failure. Two type A dissections were untreated: one patient died from cardiac tamponade 14 days after successful stent-graft exclusion of the type I endoleak; the other patient refused further treatment and survived. The procedure-related mortality following acute retrograde type A dissection was 40%. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular stent-graft repair of the thoracic aorta is associated with lower morbidity and mortality rates than surgical repair, although potentially lethal complications, acute or delayed, may occur.     

Stent-graft treatment of infected aortic and arterial aneurysms.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of endovascular stent-graft repair of infected aortic and arterial aneurysms. METHODS: Eight patients (5 men; mean age 56.6 years, range 30-85) with infected saccular aneurysms in the brachiocephalic artery (n=1), proximal descending thoracic aorta (n=1), infrarenal abdominal aorta (n=3), common iliac artery (n=1), and common femoral artery (n=2) were treated with stent-graft placement and intravenous antibiotic treatment for at least 6 weeks followed by case-specific administration of oral suppressive antibiotics. All patients were considered to be in the high-surgical-risk group. RESULTS: Exclusion of the infected aneurysm was successful in all patients. However, 2 patients died within 30 days of uncontrolled sepsis, and 1 patient died at 6 months after rupture of a persistently infected aneurysm (37% mortality rate). Over a follow-up that ranged to 8 years, the 5 survivors showed complete resolution of the infected aneurysms; no stent-graft infection was observed during follow-up. CONCLUSION: The acceptable technical and clinical success of endovascular aneurysm repair makes this a promising treatment for infected aortic and arterial aneurysms. However, it is crucial that the infection is treated adequately prior to stent-graft placement.     

Endovascular stent-graft repair of aortic dissection

Between October 2000 and January 2002, 9 consecutive male patients with subacute or chronic aortic dissection underwent stent-graft placement. The indication for surgery was continuous pain or aneurysm development. One patient had a type A dissecting aortic aneurysm with a primary tear in the ascending thoracic aorta; the other 8 had type B dissection. Placement of an endovascular stent-graft was technically successful in 8 patients, and one underwent an open procedure for abdominal aortic fenestration. The entry site was sealed and the false lumen disappeared in 8 cases, and thrombosis of the false lumen was obtained. Rupture of an iliac artery dissecting aneurysm occurred in one patient 2 days after stent-graft placement; abdominal aortic fenestration with prosthetic replacement of the distal abdominal aorta was performed. One patient died of myocardial infarction 3 days after the stent-graft procedure. During a mean follow-up period of 7 months (1-16 months), one patient died of acute myocardial infarction at 11 months. It was concluded on the basis of these short-term results that endovascular repair of aortic dissection is a promising treatment, and abdominal aortic fenestration is a useful adjuvant procedure.     

Combined staged procedures for the treatment of thoracoabdominal aneurysms.

PURPOSE: To examine the efficacy of a staged approach for the treatment of thoracoabdominal aneurysms, with open visceral revascularization followed by aortic endografting, in selected patients not considered candidates for conventional surgical repair. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of 13 consecutive patients (8 women; mean age 64 years, range 33-77) who underwent visceral bypass followed by endovascular thoracoabdominal stent-graft implantation since 1999. Three patients presented with symptomatic aneurysms and 2 with rupture. Two patients had connective tissue disorders. All patients were deemed unfit for conventional thoracoabdominal repair due to comorbid conditions. The procedures were tailored to the pathology and specific patient anatomical situation: 5 aortic dissections with aneurysmal degeneration and 8 aneurysms (5 Crawford type II, 2 type III, and 1 type IV). RESULTS: The patients underwent retrograde visceral bypass (11 iliovisceral and 2 infrarenal aortic to visceral artery) followed by endovascular aortic relining with Zenith TX2 devices (n=7), homemade endografts (n=5), or a Talent thoracic endograft (n=1). Six patients required either a proximal or distal direct aortic repair (2 infrarenal reconstructions, 3 arch elephant trunk grafts, and 1 ascending aortic repair), while 3 patients also underwent left carotid-subclavian bypass grafting. Two patients developed paraplegia (1 following a ruptured aneurysm), and 2 patients had transient paraparetic events. Two patients had acute renal failure requiring short-term dialysis. Three patients died within 30 days; 2 late aneurysm-related deaths were noted. Three patients developed endoleaks during follow-up. Mean lengths of stay were 13 days (7-30) for the visceral bypass and 12 (3-25) for the endovascular stent-graft. In addition, remaining procedures in 8 patients required a mean of 7 days (0-14) in hospital. CONCLUSION: Staged endovascular and open procedures are feasible for thoracoabdominal aneurysms in patients at prohibitive risk for open thoracoabdominal reconstruction. However, this approach still carries a significant risk of perioperative mortality and morbidity. The potential for less invasive alternatives should be investigated.     

Usefulness of transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring to improve the outcome of stent-graft treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms

The stent-graft procedure is becoming an alternative to surgery for treatment of many diseases of the descending thoracic aorta. This study evaluated the role of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), used in combination with fluoroscopy and angiography, in monitoring the outcome of stent-graft placement. Twenty-two consecutive patients were submitted to stent-graft positioning in the descending aorta for various pathologies (7 patients had type B aortic dissections, 6 had thoracic aneurysms, 2 had thoraco-abdominal aneurysms, and 7 had post-traumatic aortic aneurysms). Before stent-graft deployment, TEE changed the proximal site of stent positioning initially identified by angiography in 33% of patients (5 of 15) with aortic aneurysms because of calcifications or atheromas that could interfere with stent adhesion to the aortic wall and that were not seen on angiography. In 28% of patients (2 of 7) with aortic dissection, TEE showed the guidewire in the false lumen, allowing an immediate repositioning. After stent-graft deployment, color Doppler TEE showed a perigraft leak in 7 patients, whereas angiography detected a perigraft leak in only 2 patients (p = 0.02). In 4 of these patients, further balloon expansions resulted in resolution of the leak. In the remaining 3 patients, additional stent-graft positioning was necessary. Considering the total patient cohort, TEE yielded relevant information, resulting in procedure changes in 59% (13 of 22). In conclusion, TEE provided additional information with respect to angiography in all phases of stent-graft treatment, improving immediate outcome and reducing complications.     

单中心主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗胸降主动脉扩张性疾病的疗效评价

目的 评价主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗胸降主动脉扩张性疾病的近期和远期疗效及安全性.方法 选择沈阳军区总医院2002年4月至2013年10月行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗胸降主动脉扩张性疾病的患者449例,其中男349例,女100例,年龄（54.3±11.9）岁.经股动脉切开植入覆膜支架封堵胸降主动脉夹层破口或隔绝胸主动脉瘤,主动脉造影确认疗效;合并严重冠状动脉狭窄的患者,于腔内隔绝术后3-7 d完成经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗.观察主动脉疾病患者PCI治疗的疗效.结果 主动脉腔内隔绝术操作成功率为100％,共植入416枚主体覆膜支架及56枚短体覆膜支架.43例患者完全封闭左锁骨下动脉开口,仅1例患者出现严重窃血综合征,行血管旁路移植术.34例患者行PCI治疗成功率为100％,对37支靶血管共植入45枚冠状动脉支架,无出血、心肌梗死等并发症.68例患者出现腔内隔绝术后综合征,76例患者术后有残余漏,其中11例因内漏明显同台或再次行手术治疗.住院期间主动脉破裂病死率为1.3％（6/449）.术后随访（68±29）个月,随访率为79.0％（350/443）.随访期间共死亡患者23例（6.6％）：明确主动脉血管破裂死亡4例,急性心肌梗死1例,脑出血4例,肾功衰竭死亡3例,多器官功能衰竭2例,恶性肿瘤4例,猝死5例（原因不明）.25例联合PCI治疗患者临床造影随访主要心血管事件发生率为8.0％（2/25）.结论 主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗胸降主动脉扩张性疾病近期及长期疗效好,并发症发生率低.合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者择期二次行PCI治疗安全可行,主要心血管事件发生率低.     

Restoration of the thoracic aorta in Type A dissection with hybrid prosthesis

Following successful repair of Type A dissection, late morbidity and mortality depend on the progression of residual chronic Type B dissection. To avoid the development of late aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta, a persistent aortic false lumen around the stent-graft can be prevented by remodeling the thoracic aorta. Ten consecutive patients (mean age: 56 years) with acute Type A dissection underwent a "frozen elephant trunk operation" with the E-vita hybrid prosthesis, under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, between October 2009 and April 2010. The thoracic aorta was restored to its original size. Computed tomography was used to size the aortic diameter. All patients survived and were routinely discharged. Postoperative computed tomography showed no remaining false lumen and no distal organ ischemia in any patient. No new neurological complication was recorded. Two patients suffered postoperative pulmonary arterial embolism; one underwent embolectomy. Restoration of the thoracic aorta is a safe procedure to close the false lumen during the primary operation for acute Type A dissection. However, the diameter of the stent should reflect the overall aortic size, independent of the diameter of the true lumen.     

Multiple endovascular stent-graft implantations in a patient with aortic thoracic and abdominal aneurysms due Takayasu arteritis

We report an adult female patient with Takayasu arteritis (TA) receiving conventional medical treatment and anti-TNF therapy, which developed progressive thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms. She developed imminent rupture of the thoracic aneurysm and an endovascular stent-graft (EVSG) was emergency implanted and a year after this procedure the abdominal aneurysm increased in size requiring reoperation and placement of another EVSG. Both procedures had a very good outcome. This case shows the effectivity and security of multiple EVSG implantations in multiple aortic aneurisms in patients with TA.