Surgical treatment of bronchiectasis: a retrospective observational study of 138 patients

Background

We analyzed cases of bronchiectasis; its presentation, etiology, diagnosis, indications for surgery, surgical approach, and the outcome.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 138 patients who underwent surgery for bronchiectasis.

Results

The mean age was 30.2±15.7 years. 55.8% patients were males. Symptoms were recurrent infection with cough in all patients, fetid sputum (79.7%), and hemoptysis (22.5%). The etiology was recurrent childhood infection (38.4%), pneumonia (29%), TB (9.4%), sequestration (4.3%), foreign body obstruction (4.3%), and unknown etiology (14.5%). CXR, CT scan, and bronchoscope were done for all patients. Bronchiectasis was left-sided in (55.1%) of patients. It was mainly confined to the lower lobes either alone (50.7%) or in conjunction with middle lobe or lingual (7.2%). Indications for resection were failure of conservative therapy (71.7%), hemoptysis (15.9%), destroyed lung (8%), and sequestration (4.3%). Surgery was lobectomy (81.2%), bilobectomy (8.7%), and pneumonectomy (8%). Complications occurred in 13% with no operative mortality. 84% of patients had relief of their preoperative symptoms.

Conclusions

Surgery for bronchiectasis can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality at any age for localized disease. Proper selection and preparation of the patients and complete resection of the involved sites are required for the optimum control of symptoms and better outcomes.KEY WORDS : Bronchiactesis, pneumonia, TB, lobectomy, bilobectomy, pneumonectomy     

支气管扩张患者痰培养检出菌及药敏结果分析

目的:分析支气管扩张患者痰培养检出菌的分布及对抗菌药物的敏感性,为临床提供药物治疗依据。方法:对2007年7月至2011年7月,对北京安贞医院住院的212例支气管扩张患者,痰致病菌培养及药物敏感结果进行回顾性分析。结果:本组212例患者病原菌检出阳性95例(44.81%),共分离出细菌96株,铜绿假单胞菌29株(30.2%),肺炎克雷伯杆菌7株(7.29%),嗜麦芽假单胞菌4株(4.17%),大肠埃希氏菌3株(3.13%),产气肠杆菌2株(2.08%),阴沟肠杆菌2株(2.08%),弗氏柠檬酸杆菌2株(2.08%),荧光假单胞菌2株(2.08%),洋葱伯克霍尔德式菌1株(1.04%),醋酸钙-鲍曼氏不动杆菌10株(10.42%),醋酸钙不动杆菌2株(2.08%),鲍曼氏不动杆菌4株(4.17%),鲁氏不动杆菌1株(1.04%),金黄色葡萄球菌12株(12.50%),表皮葡萄球菌4株(4.17%),溶血葡萄球菌2株(2.08%),模拟葡萄球菌1株(4.17%),缓动链球菌1株(1.04%),铅黄肠球菌1株(1.04%),粪肠球菌2株(2.08%),白色假丝酵母4株(4.17%)。结论:支气管扩张患者病原菌占前3位的分别是铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、醋酸钙-鲍曼氏不动杆菌。真菌感染应值得关注。提示支气管扩张患者应合理选用抗生素药物。     

戊型肝炎149例临床分析

目的　了解戊型肝炎的临床特点。方法　回顾性总结分析14 9例戊型肝炎临床资料。结果　①14 9例戊型肝炎中,单纯性戊型肝炎41例,平均年龄47.3 2±16.10岁;乙型与戊型肝炎重叠感染95例,平均年龄40 .17±14 .15岁(P <0 .0 5 ) ;②乙、戊型肝炎重叠感染者较单纯戊型肝炎者,虽然ALT和TBIL无显著差异(P >0 .0 5 ) ,但ALB明显降低,且病程长、并发症多(P <0 .0 5和P <0 .0 1) ;③全部病例中好转118例;死亡8例,其中乙、戊型肝炎重叠感染6例;④2 1例检测了血清甲胎蛋白,2 0～40 0ng/ml 11例,>40 0ng/ml 3例。结论　戊型肝炎临床上以成年人多见。HBV感染者容易感染HEV ,且致临床病程延长,并发症多,预后差。良性肝病患者AFP也可明显升高。     

Surgical management of bilateral bronchiectases: results in 29 patients

Bronchiectasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Staged bilateral segmental resection of the lungs is performed in selected patients. Our experience of surgical removal of 87 bilateral bronchiectases in 29 patients during an 11-year period was reviewed retrospectively. High-resolution computed tomography was performed preoperatively in all patients to locate the anatomic sites of bronchiectasis. The mortality and morbidity of the surgical procedure, clinical symptoms, age distribution, etiology, bacteriology, and operative procedures were analyzed. There were 22 males (76%) and 7 females (24%), aged 5 to 60 years, with a mean age of 30 years. Complications developed in 11 patients (38%); atelectasia was the most common (14%). There was one hospital death. Clinical symptoms disappeared in 19 (66%) patients, improved in 5 (17%), and were unchanged in 4 (14%). Staged bilateral resection for bronchiectases can be performed at any age with acceptable morbidity and mortality.     

Surgical treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in Central Europe

BackgroundBronchiectasis is a mostly irreversible bronchial dilatation induced by the destruction of elastic and muscular fibers of the bronchial wall. Surgical treatment is usually reserved for focal disease, and whenever complications, like hemoptysis or secondary aspergilloma, arise. In this study, we report our experience and outcomes in surgical bronchiectasis management between 2016 and 2020.MethodsWe retrospectively searched our database for patients admitted for surgical treatment of bronchiectasis between 2016 and 2020. All records were screened for pre-surgical management. Age, gender, distribution of bronchiectatic lesions, type of surgery, perioperative complications, chest tube duration, length of hospital stay as well as 30-day-mortality were recorded, and a brief follow-up was made.ResultsA total of n=34 patients underwent pulmonary resection with bronchiectasis. Mean age on admission was 56.2±15.1 years and n=21 patients (62%) were female. In n=23 cases the right lung was affected, in n=9 cases the left side and in two cases both lungs. Indications for surgery included persistent major alterations after conservative therapy (n=9), massive hemoptysis (n=4), and full-blown “destroyed lobe” (n=7). All patients received anatomical lung resection (n=21 lobectomies, n=2 bilobectomies and n=11 segmentectomies), either by uniportal video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (n=28) or by lateral thoracotomy (n=6). Average length of hospital stay was 7.9±6.3 days; one patient died on POD 7 due to myocardial infarction.ConclusionsIn spite of a decreasing number of patients with bronchiectasis referred to surgery due to improvements in preventing and managing the disease, pulmonary resection still plays a significant role in treating this pathology in Central Europe. Surgery remains a viable approach for localized forms of bronchiectasis, and the only option in treating acute deterioration and complications like massive hemoptysis.     

Surgical treatment of bronchiectasis: a collective review of 487 cases

Pulmonary resection to treat bronchiectasis in a total of 487 patients between December 1976 through June 1988 is reported on. The surgical treatment consisted of pneumonectomy in 190 cases (144 left and 46 right), lobectomy in 202 cases, bilobectomy in 23 cases and lobectomy combined with segmental resection in 72 cases. The overall mortality rate was 3.5%. Patients were followed up for a period ranging between 4 months to 10 years: at the end of the study 71% of the patients were completely asymptomatic. It is concluded that though the first choice of therapy must be conservative, in those patients with bronchiectasis in whom disease progresses despite medical treatment and in those whose disease requires frequent hospitalization, continuing medical treatment is unwarranted and surgery must be the choice of therapy.     

Surgical management of eight cases of bronchiectasis]

Few reports are currently available on the surgical management of bronchiectasis. We report our experience with 8 cases of bronchiectasis. The indications of pulmonary resection were recurrent pneumonia and/or hemoptysis in spite of medical treatment and the extent mainly limited to the unilateral lung. With the exception of one patient, who died from postoperative pneumonia, all patients showed improvement in symptoms. However, in two cases, hemoptysis recurred; these patients had cystic bronchiectasis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and minimal disease in the contralateral lung, which accounted for the recurrence of hemoptysis. A few reports indicated that cystic bronchiectasis and incomplete resection were adverse prognostic factors and that Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections were related to the development of new bronchiectasis. However, according to some other reports, these factors were not adverse prognostic factors. It is thought that the analysis of many cases is required to determine the indication of lung resection and the appropriate type of resection for bronchiectasis; however, it is difficult to conduct randomized control studies. Since the accumulation of case reports is also considered to be important, we report our series of cases.     

Surgical results in 657 patients with colorectal cancer

Six hundred fifty-seven patients with colorectal cancer who were operated upon at the Second Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital during the period 1966 to 1975 had a 40.5 per cent crude five-year survival rate and 54.2 per cent relative (corrected) rate. The survival rates of patients with Dukes' A lesions were 80.7 per cent, Dukes' B, 61.6 per cent, Dukes' C, 40.4 per cent, and Dukes' D, 2.7 per cent. One hundred two patients (15.5 per cent) underwent emergency operations; 91 were occlusive cancers, eight were perforations and three were cancer bleedings. The operative mortality for the whole series was 6.5 per cent (4.7 per cent in elective and 16.7 per cent in emergency operations). A definite improvement of the five-year survival rates could be seen in both the colonic and rectal cancer series. This was due to earlier detection of the disease, reflecting a decreasing number of palliative operations. Patients at high risk for colorectal cancer (inflammatory bowel disease, inherited intestinal polyposis, cancer family syndrome, multiple colorectal cancers, and neoplastic polyps) might benefit from more effective cancer surveillance and prophylactic surgery to find and treat cancers in earlier stages, to prevent recurrences, and to facilitate follow-up. The controversial findings on postoperative adjuvant therapy presented in this study indicate the need for further controlled studies to define the patients who really benefit from it.     

老年腰椎间盘突出症的手术疗效观察

目的 回顾性观察老年腰椎间盘突出症患者术后疗效。方法报告1994年7月至2011年11月因腰椎间盘突出症在我院手术治疗的患者共95例,年龄60～85（平均70-3）岁,男59例,女36例,随访时间3个月～10年（平均35．7个月）。采用中华医学会骨科学分会脊柱外科学组腰背痛手术评定标准和日本骨科学会评分标准,比较不同手术方式（单纯椎间盘切除和椎间盘切除并内固定融合）、不同减压方式（开窗、半椎板切除和全椎板切除）和不同随访时间（3年以内,3～5年,5年以上）的疗效。结果95例患者总优良率为84．2％,单纯椎间盘切除组和椎间盘切除并内固定融合组优良率分别为80．5％,87．0％,两组差异无统计学意义（P=O．694）;改善率分别为（60．89±32．62）％,（65．74±26．32）％,两组改善率差异无统计学意义（P=0．636）。开窗组、半椎板切除组和全椎板切除组优良率分别为80．6％,91．3％和85．4％,3组间差异无统计学（P=O．958）,3组改善率分别为（59．84±29．84）％,（62．30±27．10）％和（62．94±31．96）％,3组间差异无统计学（P=O．835）。随访时间3年以内组,3～5年组,5年以上组,其优良率分别为90．6％,77．8％和79．2％,3组间优良率差异无统计学（P=0．660）;3组术后改善率分别为（62．01±25．97）％,（55．06±35．89）％,（60．83±33．73）％,3组间差异无统计学意义（P=0．811）。结论单纯椎间盘切除与椎间盘切除并内固定融合治疗老年腰椎间盘突出症随访可获得良好疗效,开窗组、半椎板切除和全椎板切除均可获得良好疗效,且其疗效随着随访时间延长无明显变化。     

Surgical results of 23 patients with tracheobronchial injuries

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the surgical results of tracheobronchial injuries. Between July 1988 and March 1996, tracheobronchial surgery was performed on 23 injured patients. According to the aetiology, the injuries were categorized as blunt injury ( n = 13), cutting or penetrating injury ( n = 5), and corrosive injury ( n = 5). Blunt injuries included three complete laryngotracheal disruptions, one tracheal laceration, and eight bronchial ruptures. Cutting or penetration injuries included four laryngotracheal ruptures and one tracheal cutting wound. Corrosive injuries included one tracheal necrosis, one tracheal stenosis and three esophago- respiratory fistulae. Operative procedures that were performed on the tracheobronchus included tracheoplasty ( n = 12), bronchoplasty ( n = 7), sleeve resection of the trachea ( n = 2) and bronchus ( n = 2). Two hospital deaths were encountered, with a mortality rate of 8.7%. One patient with caustic injuiy died of bronchopleural fistula and empyema. The other patient died with multiple injuries from multiple organ failure which was unrelated to the bronchoplasty. One postoperative complication was restenosis of the trachea in a caustic injured patient, which was treated by a T-tube insertion. In conclusion, tracheobronchoplasty is an effective life-saving emergency procedure for the patients with tracheobronchial injuries.     

Aetiology in adult patients with bronchiectasis

BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis has a number of causes. Their prevalence is not well documented. The aim of this study was to identify aetiology in a population of patients referred to a specialist clinic with symptoms suggestive of bronchiectasis, to determine the proportion of patients in whom knowing the aetiology altered management. In addition we wished to describe in detail those patients who remained idiopathic to facilitate future studies of this group; and establish the diagnosis in those without bronchiectasis. METHODS: A total of 240 consecutive patients referred to the Royal Brompton Hospital with a history of recurrent chest infections, chronic cough and regular sputum production underwent a 3 day program of investigation. RESULTS: A total of 165 patients had bronchiectasis on CT scan, an underlying cause was identified in 122 (74%) and this affected management in 61 (37%). The common aetiologies were: post-infection (52), primary ciliary dyskinesia (17), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (13), and immune deficiency (11). Fourty-three patients had idiopathic bronchiectasis. They had symmetrical predominant lower lobe disease with onset of chronic chest and sinus symptoms in middle age. CONCLUSION: Full investigation of problematic cases should occur in a specialist centre because results affect management in a third of cases.     

Surgical results of 29 patients with benign tracheobronchial lesions

Abstract This study was carried out in order to evaluate the surgical results of benign tracheobronchial diseases. Between July 1988 and March 1996, tracheobronchial surgery was performed on 29 patients with a variety of benign diseases. The primary diseases were post intubation or post tracheostomy tracheal stenosis ( n = 12), tuberculous stenosis ( n = 7), congenital tracheal stenosis with or without vascular ring ( n = 4), tracheobronchial tumour ( n = 2), oesophageal tumour ( n = 1), and miscellaneous conditions ( n = 3). Thirty-one operative procedures included sleeve lobectomy ( n = 7), sleeve resection of trachea ( n = 17) and bronchus ( n = 2), and plastic surgery of trachea ( n = 4) and bronchus ( n = 1). There was one operative death, which put the mortality rate at 3.4%. There were five postoperative complications in this series (17.2%), including anastomotic disruption of trachea ( n = 1), bilateral vocal cord palsy ( n = 1), prolonged endotracheal intubation ( n =1) and overgrowth of granulation ( n = 2). The complication of anastomotic disruption of trachea was treated by insertion of a tracheal T-tube, and the granulation was treated by bronchoscopic excision. We suggest that tracheobronchoplasty is a safe procedure in carefully selected patients with benign diseases.     

Surgical results of 40 patients with malignant tracheobronchial lesions

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of tracheobronchoplasty performed on a variety of malignant diseases which involved the tracheobronchus. Between July 1988 and March 1996 tracheobronchial surgery was performed on 40 patients who had a variety of malignant diseases. The primary diseases were bronchogenic carcinoma ( n = 26), tracheobronchial tumour ( n = 5), thyroid cancer ( n = 6), and oesophageal cancer ( n = 3). Operative procedures that were performed on the tracheobronchus were sleeve lobectomy ( n = 22) or bilobectomies ( n = 5), sleeve pneumonectomy ( n = 3), sleeve resection of trachea ( n = 7) and bronchus ( n = 3). There was one postoperative death with a mortality rate of 2.5%. However, there were no significant postoperative complications apart from the one postoperative death; one patient developed a bronchopleural fistula and empyema. In lung cancer patients, the 2 year survival rate was 47.3%, and one (3.8%) local tumour recurrence. Four of five patients who had tracheobronchial tumours were alive and free from disease during 2–6 year follow-up period. One patient who had malignant fibrous histiocytoma died of brain metastasis 6 months after the operation. Among six patients whose thyroid cancer involved the trachea, one patient survived for 7 years, the other five patients were still alive and free from disease 2–5 years after the operation. Of the three patients whose oesophageal carcinoma involved the tracheobronchus, there was one operative death and the others died of tumour recurrence 1 and 2 years, respectively. We suggest that tracheobronchoplasty is a safe procedure with low morbidity and mortality rates in carefully selected patients with malignant diseases.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并支气管扩张患者的临床特点分析

目的:分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并支气管扩张患者的临床特征,提高对该病的认识和诊断水平。方法:选择我院2007年1月至2014年12月,就诊住院的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者260例为研究对象,分为慢性阻塞性肺疾病组(n=134例),慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并支气管扩张组(n=126例),比较两组患者在临床表现、胸部高分辨CT、肺功能检查结果及实验室检查等方面的差异。结果:两组患者在年龄、性别、吸烟指数、体质量指数及基础药物治疗等方面,均差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。合并支气管扩张患者肺功能FVC%预计值、FEV1%预计值、FEV1/FVC%预计值、DLCO/VA%预计值较未合并支气管扩张组低,而RV%预计值、TLC%预计值、RV/TLC%预计值高于未合并支气管扩张组(P0.05),且出院后6个月内发生急性加重的次数多,呼吸困难评分(m MRC)高(P0.05)。结论:合并支气管扩张的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能下降更为明显,发生急性加重的风险增加。