三维超声心动图对冠心病患者左心功能的研究并与核素心血池造…

本文应用三怕心图（３ＤＥ）图像再建技术对２０例冠心病患者与年龄、性别相配对的１５例正常人进行了左心功能研究，并与二维（２ＤＥ）、Ｍ型超声心动图（ＭＭＥ）及核素心血池造影（ＲＮＡ）进行对照。结果发现：①３ＤＥ对其中１２例心病患者所测左室射血分数（ＥＦ）与ＲＮＡ的相关系数（ｒ＝０．９４）明显高于２ＤＥ（ｒ＝０．７１）（Ｐ＜０．０１）；②３ＤＥ，２ＤＥ、ＭＭＥ三种超声方汉所测左室容量（ＬＶＶ）与ＥＦ，在     

冠状动脉病变支数对二维和三维超声心动图左室功能测量准确性的影响

为了探讨冠状动脉病变支数对二维（２ＤＥ）和三维超声心动图（３ＤＥ）左室功能测量结果的影响，应用多平面经食管３ＤＥ技术测量了９例冠状动脉单支血管病变患者（Ａ组）及１１例多支血管病变患者（Ｂ组）的左室舒张末期容量（ＥＤＶ）、收缩末期容量（ＥＳＶ）、心搏量（ＳＶ）及射血分数（ＥＦ），并与２ＤＥ及左室造影（ＬＶＡ）的测值进行了对比，结果显示：①在Ａ、Ｂ两组患者中２ＤＥ测量的ＥＤＶ、ＥＳＶ、ＳＶ及ＥＦ与ＬＶＡ相应测值仅呈中度相关，３ＤＥ则均呈高度相关，且３ＤＥ所测ＥＤＶ、ＥＳＶ对左室造影结果的低估程度仅为２ＤＥ方法的一半；②在Ａ、Ｂ两组患者中，２ＤＥ所测ＥＦ均高于左室造影结果（Ｐ＜０．０１），３ＤＥ所测ＥＦ则与左室造影测值无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。③Ｂ组患者的ＥＦ用２ＤＥ、３ＤＥ及ＬＶＡ三种方法测量均较Ａ组患者明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＥＤＶ则显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

二维多普勒超声对缺血性心肌病左室重构变化的研究

目的对缺血性心肌病（ＩＣＭ）患者的左室重构（ＬＶＲ）病理生理变化进行分析研究。方法应用ＨＰ ７７０２０ＡＣ型彩色多普勒血流显像仪（探头频率３．５ＭＨｚ）分别对５６例ＩＣＭ患者和５０例正常对照组进行分析评价。结果显示ＩＣＭ组的各项指标与正常组比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．００１）。ＩＣＭ组的ＬＶＥＤｄ、ＥＤＶ、ＥＳＶ、ＥＳＳ、ＰＶＡ、ＬＡＴ、ＬＡＦ显著增大，ＥＦ、ＣＯ、ＬＶＳＣＩ、ＭＶＣＦ、ＰＶＥ、ＰＦＲ及ＰＶＡ／ＰＶＥ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．００１）。结论认为ＩＣＭ病人ＬＶＲ的主要病因与心肌缺血引起的梗塞区膨展、左室扩张、容量负荷及室壁应力的增加有关，而ＥＳＶ、ＥＤＶ及ＥＦ可作为了解ＩＣＭ远期预后的最佳指标     

多平面经食管三维超声心动图定量评价冠心病患者左室收缩功能

应用多平面经食管三维超声心动图技术（３ＤＥ）对３０例冠心病患者的左室容量、射血分数等心功能指标进行了分析，并与两维超声心动图（２ＤＥ）及心血管左室造影（ＬＶＡ）所测值进行了对比，结果显示：２ＤＥ所测左室舒张末期容量、收缩末期容量、心搏量及射血分数与左室造影相应指标呈中度相关，而３ＤＥ则与左室造影相应测值呈高度相关（Ｐ值＜０．０１）；２ＤＥ所测左室射血分数（ＥＦ）高于左室造影结果（Ｐ值＜０．０５），３ＤＥ所测ＥＦ与左室造影结果无显著差异（Ｐ值＞０．０５）。表明在冠心病患者中，经食管３ＤＥ仍可较准确地定量评价左室功能，其准确性优于２ＤＥ方法，为左室收缩功能的定量评价提供了简便可行的新途径     

高血压病心室活动同步性和收缩功能的核素心室造影研究

应用计算机－核素心室造影（ＥＲＮＡ）对１２０例各期高血压患者和２０例正常人进行左室收缩功能（ＬＶＳＦ）参数测定，并通过位相分析得到心室活动同步性（ＶＳＳ）参数心室相角程（ＰＳ）和半高竞（ＦＷＨＭ）。结果表明：高血压病Ⅰ期组ＬＶＳＦ参数在正常或超常水平；Ⅱ期患者与Ⅰ期患者比较，其ＬＶＥＦ和１／３ＥＦ降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）且ＰＳ和ＦＷＨＭ增宽（ＰＭ＜０．０５），提示存在ＶＳＳ损伤；Ⅲ期ＬＶＳＦ各参数均较Ⅰ、Ⅱ期明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＰＳ和ＦＷＨＭ更增宽（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＬＶＥＦ与ＰＳ和ＦＷＨＭ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．５４，－０．５０，Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＰＳ和ＦＷＨＭ增竟是ＶＳＳ损伤表现．计算机－ＥＲＮＡ在高血压病分期诊断、治疗和判断预后上有重要意义。     

超声心动图评价房间隔缺损患者左心室收缩功能

用超声心动图检测２８例继发孔型房间隔缺损（ＡＳＤ）患者及４０例正常人左心室收缩功能（ＬＶＳＦ）。结果表明：ＡＳＤ患者左室射血分值（ＬＶＥＦ）、短轴缩短分数（ＬＶＦＳ）、每搏量（ＳＶ）、心输出量（ＣＯ）、主动脉瓣口血流速度（ＡＶ）、速度时间积分（ＡＶＩ）均较正常人明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１～０．０５），左室射血前期（ＬＰＥＰ）延长（Ｐ＜０．０１）、射血时间（ＬＶＥＴ）缩短（Ｐ＜０．０５）、ＬＰＥＰ／ＬＶＥＴ增大（Ｐ＜０．０１），且ＬＶＥＦ、ＬＶＦＳ、ＳＶ、ＣＯ、ＡＶ、ＡＶＩ与肺／体循环量比值（Ｑｐ／Ｑｓ）呈中度负相关（ｒ＝－０．３９～－０．７８，Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论认为：ＡＳＤ患者ＬＶＳＦ存在一定程度的减退，并推测其机理可能与ＡＳＤ患者因右室容量超荷所致的左室扩张性降低、舒张末容积减小、室间隔运动异常及左室几何形态改变等有关     

二维超声心动图对急性心肌梗塞后左室重构的分析研究

应用二维超声心动图对３６例急性心肌梗塞患者的左室重构病理生理变化进行分析评价。结果显示：心肌梗塞患者的ＬＶＤｄ，ＬＶＥＤＶ，ＬＶＥＳＶ，Ｅｄｂ，Ｅｓｂ及ｍｅａｎ ｂ显著增大（ｐＰ＜０．０５－－０．０１），ＥＦ、ＬＶＳＣＩ及ＭＶＣＦ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５－０．０１）。结论认为：急性心肌梗塞后左室重构的主要病因是梗塞区膨展、左室扩张、容量负葆增加及室壁应力增大，可直接导致心肌梗塞后并发症的出现。     

多普勒超声心动图检查对缺血性心肌病左室重构的研究

本文应用多普勒超声心动图对５１例缺血性心肌病（ＩＣＭ）患者的左室重构进行研究。结果显示。ＩＣＭ组的各项指标与正常组比较均有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＩＣＭ组的ＬＶＤｄ、ＬＶＤｓ、ＰＣＷＰ和ＥＳＳ显著增大，ＳＶ、ＣＩ、ＥＦ、ＭＶＣＦ明显降低。结论，ＩＣＭ的左室重构与缺血性心肌损伤（包括冠脉闭塞和冠脉狭窄）引起的左室扩张、肺毛细血管楔压和室壁应力增加有关。多普勒超声心动图对ＩＣＭ左室重构的研究具有重要临床价值。     

多普勒超声心动图对急性心肌梗塞患者溶栓治疗的评价

目的：探讨多普勒超声心动图对不同梗塞部位急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）溶栓治疗再通评价的意义。方法：对１６０例首次ＡＭＩ患者随机分成尿激酶溶栓治疗再通组和常规治疗对照组，采用彩色多普勒超声心动图测定左房内径（ＬＡＤ）、室间隔和左室后壁运动最小幅度（ＩＶＳＡ和ＬＶＰＷＡ）、左室射血分数（ＥＦ）、二尖瓣Ｅ点至室间隔距离（ＥＰＳＳ）和二尖瓣血流频谱Ａ峰最大速度与Ｅ峰最大速度比（Ａ／Ｅ）。结果：①溶栓治疗者再通率为５８．８２％（７０／１１９）。②急性前壁心肌梗塞（ＡＡＭＩ）患者的ＬＡＤ、ＥＰＳＳ和Ａ／Ｅ在溶栓组明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０１）；溶栓再通组ＥＦ明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。③急性下壁心肌梗塞（ＡＩＭＩ）患者ＬＶＰＷＡ溶栓再通组高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；溶栓再通组Ａ／Ｅ明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。④ＡＡＭＩ＋ＡＩＭＩ患者ＥＦ在溶栓再通组明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＥＰＳＳ低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：溶栓治疗可限制梗塞面积，挽救濒死心肌，改善左室功能。在梗塞部位上，前壁优于下壁，ＡＡＭＩ＋ＡＩＭＩ介于两者之间。     

尿毒症心脏病变的超声心动图及多普勒研究

目的：探讨超声心动图及多普勒在尿毒症患者所致心脏病变的诊断中的应用价值。方法：本文选用３０例超声心动图及多普勒资料完整的病例作为病例组并随机抽取正常人３０例作为对照组。结果：尿毒症组与对照组各测值统计学处理，差异显著。左室腔明显扩大，左室心肌重量和左空心肌重量指数明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０１），左室收缩功能ＥＦ与ＦＳ无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），反映泵血功能的ＳＶ、ＥＳＶ、ＥＤＶ和ＣＯ增高（Ｐ＜０．０５－Ｐ＜０．０１）；反映左室舒张功能的二尖瓣血流频谱Ａ峰、ＡＩ、Ｅ／Ａ和 ＩＶＲＴ均有增大（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５－ Ｐ＜ ０．０１），肺静脉血流频谱 Ｄ波、ＤＩ和 ＲＦＩ明显减少， Ｓ／Ｄ ＡＲ和 ＡＲＤ均有明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０１），左室舒张功能下降明显。结论：超声心动图与多普勒在尿毒症患者心脏病变的检查诊断中有极高的应用价值。     

Optimal rotational interval for 3-dimensional echocardiography data acquisition for rapid and accurate measurement of left ventricular function.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged 3-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) acquisition time currently limits its routine use for calculating left ventricular volume (LVV) and ejection fraction (EF). Our goal was to reduce the acquisition time by defining the largest rotational acquisition interval that still allows 3DE reconstruction for accurate and reproducible LVV and EF calculation. METHODS: Twenty-one subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging and precordial 3DE with 2 degrees acquisition intervals. Images were processed to result in data sets containing images at 2 degrees, 4 degrees, 8 degrees, 16 degrees, 32 degrees, and 64 degrees intervals by excluding images in between. With use of the paraplane feature, 8 equidistant short-axis slices were generated from each data set. The suitability of these short-axis slices for manual endocardial tracing was scored visually by 4 independent experienced observers. The LVV and EF were calculated by using Simpson's rule from 3DE data sets with 2 degrees, 8 degrees, and 16 degrees intervals, and the results were compared with values obtained from magnetic resonance imaging. The probability of 3DE to detect LVV and EF differences was calculated. RESULTS: All patients were in sinus rhythm with a mean heart rate of 72 bpm (SD + or - 12). The LV short-axis images obtained with 16 degrees rotational scanning intervals allowed LV endocardial tracing in all subjects. Good correlation, close limits of agreement, and nonsignificant differences were found between values of LVV and EF calculated with 3DE at 2 degrees, 8 degrees, and 16 degrees rotational intervals and those obtained with magnetic resonance imaging. At steps of 16 degrees, 3DE had excellent correlation (r = 98, 99, and 99), close limits of agreement (+ or - 38, + or - 28.6, and + or - 4.8), and nonsignificant differences (P =.5,.8, and.2) with values obtained from magnetic resonance imaging for calculating end-diastolic LVV, end-systolic LVV, and EF, respectively. Three-dimensional echocardiography with use of 16 degrees rotational intervals could detect 15-mL differences in end-diastolic volume with a probability of 95%, 11-mL differences in end-systolic volume with a probability of 92%, and 0.02 differences in EF with a probability of 95%. CONCLUSIONS: The 3DE data sets reconstructed with images selected at 16 degrees intervals from data sets obtained at 2 degrees precordial rotational acquisition intervals allowed the generation of LV short-axis images with adequate quality for endocardial border tracing. Therefore precordial acquisition at 16 degrees intervals would be sufficient for the reconstruction of 3DE data sets for LV function measurement. This would reduce the acquisition time while maintaining enough accuracy for clinical decision making and would thus make 3DE more practical as a routine method.     

实时三维超声评估左室容积与质量的初步探讨

目的探讨实时三维超声心动图（RT3DE）测量左室容积及心肌质量的可行性及准确性。 方法分别应用RT-3DE、多层螺旋计算机断层显像（MDCT）、磁共振显像（MRI）3种无创技术对10只猪心模型的左室容积及心肌质量进行测量，将3种技术的测量结果与实际测值进行相关性分析。结果3种影像学技术所测左室容积及心肌质量分别与猪心左室铸型实测体积及左室心肌实际质量相对照，差异均无显著性意义，且呈高度正相关。结论较之MDCT及MRI，RT-3DE能快速、准确测量左室容积及心肌质量，具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Measurements of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction with three-dimensional echocardiography: feasibility and agreement compared to two-dimensional echocardiography

Recent guidelines regard three-dimensional echocardiography (DE) derived measurements of left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) as the method of choice. The feasibility of 3DE and agreement between 2DE and 3DE was examined. Our hypothesis was that a number of patients can only be examined with 2DE in a patient population admitted to a general hospital. Hospitalised patients referred for echocardiography by residents on call who found grounds to perform a pocket-sized ultrasound examination (PCU) were included. A subsequent 2DE and 3DE was planned. 3DE was considered unfeasible in the presence of irregular heart rhythm and poor quality imaging (included inability to hold breath). Agreement was evaluated with correlation and Bland–Altman analyses. Of 273 consecutive patients examined with 2DE, 202 (74 %) had satisfactory 3DE images for LV volume and EF measurements. Reasons for exclusion of 71 patients from the 3DE study included irregular heart rhythm in 58 patients and poor quality images in 13 patients. Median LV end-diastolic volume was 146 mL with 3DE and 161 mL with 2DE (p < 0.001). The respective values for LV end-systolic volume were 76 mL and 83 mL (p < 0.001), and for LVEF 48 % and 49 % (p = 0.061). Optimal 3DE assessment of LV volumes and EF could only be performed in 3/4 of patients. A significant overestimation of LV volumes was observed in terms of 2DE versus 3DE, whereas no such difference was found for LVEF.     

三维超声检测二尖瓣病变患者左室收缩功能

应用三维超声(3DE)对44例慢性风湿性二尖瓣病变(MVD)患者左室收缩功能测定,并与M型超声(MME)、二维超声(2DE)和核素心血池造影(RNA)对照研究.结果表明:MME、2DE、和3DE对正常人左室收缩期容量(VES)、舒张期容量VED和射血分数(EF)的测量,三种方法均为准确,可靠,但对有病理改变的心脏病患者,3DE所测左室射血分数较为准确。3DE有可能为临床提供一种检测左室局部心肌收缩功能的定量定位方法。     

动态三维超声心动图多巴酚丁胺负荷试验中心肌梗死患者左室容积变化及意义

目的　探讨动态三维超声心动图（３ＤＥ） 多巴酚丁胺负荷试验（ ＤＳＴ） 中心肌梗死（ ＭＩ） 患者左室容积（ＬＶＶ） 变化的临床意义。方法　用３ＤＥ 方法测定了３２ 例正常人和３５ 例急性 ＭＩ 恢复期患者在ＤＳＴ 中的变化情况。结果　ＤＳＴ 中正常人和 ＭＩ 患者ＬＶＶ 和射血分数（ＥＦ） 呈现明显不同的变化趋势。结论　用３ＤＥ 方法测定ＤＳＴ 中ＭＩ 患者的ＬＶＶ 和ＥＦ 值变化能够判断 ＭＩ 患者的左心功能状态和心肌缺血反应。     

Rapid full volume data acquisition by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography for assessment of left ventricular indexes in children: a validation study compared with magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the feasibility, accuracy, and reproducibility of a rapid full volume acquisition strategy using real-time (RT) 3-dimensional (3D) echocardiography (3DE) for measurement of left ventricular (LV) volumes, mass, stroke volume (SV), and ejection fraction (EF) in children. METHODS: A total of 19 healthy children (mean 10.6 +/- 2.8 years, 11 male and 9 female) were prospectively enrolled in this study. RT 3DE was performed using an ultrasound system to acquire full volume 3D dataset from the apical window with electrocardiographic triggering in 8 s/dataset. The images were processed offline using software. The LV endocardial and epicardial borders were traced manually to derive LV end-systolic volume, end-diastolic volume, mass, SV, and EF. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were performed on a 1.5-T scanner using a breath hold 2-dimensional cine-FIESTA (fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition) sequence. RESULTS: All RT 3DE and MRI data were acquired successfully for analysis. Measurements of LV end-systolic volume, end-diastolic volume, mass, SV, and EF by RT 3DE correlated well by Pearson regression ( r = 0.86-0.97, P < .001) and agreed well by Bland-Altman analysis with MRI. The interobserver and intraobserver variability of RT 3DE measurements were less than 5%. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study demonstrated that RT 3DE measurements of LV end-systolic volume, end-diastolic volume, mass, SV, and EF in children using rapid full volume acquisition strategy are feasible, accurate, and reproducible and are comparable with MRI measurements.     

实时三维超声心动图定量冠心病、扩张型心肌病心房和心室容积及功能的研究

目的应用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)定量评价冠心病、扩张型心肌病患者左心室、左心房、右心室和右心房容积及收缩功能。方法在24例正常人、16例扩张性心肌病和27例心肌梗死患者中,应用实时三维超声心动图获取各房室全容积三维图像,分别应用2、4、8平面方法测量各房室收缩末期容积(ESV)、舒张末期容积(EDV)和射血分数(EF),并与二维超声心动图(2DE)Simpson法和声学定量(AQ)技术测值比较。结果在扩张性心肌病和心肌梗死患者中,2DE、AQ技术和RT-3DE2平面法测量的左、右心房和左、右心室ESV、EDV明显低于RT-3DE4平面法、8平面法测值(P<0.05);各种方法检测的EF值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2DE、AQ技术和RT-3DE检测结果均显示扩张性心肌病、心肌梗死患者各房室ESV、EDV均明显大于正常组(P<0.05),EF明显低于正常组(P<0.05)。结论应用实时三维超声心动图能显示心腔立体结构,测量各心腔容积,评价心脏功能。     

实时三维超声心动图测量急性心肌梗死左心室容积与射血分数最佳切面的研究

目的探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)测量急性心肌梗死左心室容积与射血分数的最佳切面。方法对14条杂种犬急性心肌梗死动物模型进行二维(2DE)和RT-3DE检查,分别应用2DE和RT-3DE的2-平面法、4-平面法和8-平面法测量左心室舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)、每搏输出量(SV)和射血分数(EF),用注射盐水法测量离体心脏左心室容积作为参照容积,采用Bland和Altman方法进行一致性分析。结果2DE和RT-3DE的2-平面法、4-平面法测量的EDV、ESV、SV与RT-3DE8-平面法的测量结果高度相关(r=0.84～0.99),2DE、RT-3DE2-平面法测值显著低于RT-3DE8-平面法测值(P<0.01),而RT-3DE4-平面法与8-平面法测值间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2DE、RT-3DE2-平面法及4-平面法测量的EF与RT-3DE8-平面法测量结果高度相关(r=0.82～0.98),与RT-3DE8-平面法测量的EF值间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2DE、RT-3DE2-平面法、4-平面法测量的EDV与参照容积测量结果高度相关(r=0.84,0.92,0.94,0.97),RT-3DE4-平面法、8-平面法的EDV测值与参照容积间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但2DE、RT-3DE2-平面法的EDV测值显著低估参照容积(P<0.01)。RT-3DE4-平面法、8-平面法测量的EDV与参照容积间的一致性明显高于2DE、RT-3DE2-平面法。RT-3DE4-平面法测量的可重复性优于2DE。结论RT-3DE在测量急性心肌梗死左心室容积和射血分数中具有较高的准确性和可重复性,其中RT-3DE4-平面法是既准确又省时的最佳测量切面。     

实时三维超声心动图对陈旧性心肌梗死患者左心房功能的初步研究

目的 探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)评价陈旧性心肌梗死(心梗)患者左心房功能的价值.方法 应用RT-3DE与二维超声心动图(2DE),分别测量30例正常人(A组)、20例心梗左房无重构者(B组)和20例心梗左房重构者(C组)的左房最大容积指数(LAVmaxI)、最小容积指数(LAVminI)及收缩期前容积指数(LAVpreAI),计算左房各期的射血分数(LAEF).结果 ⑴ 3组内2种测量结果之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而相关性显著(P<0.05);⑵ 3组之间测量结果对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);结论 RT-3DE能评价心梗患者左房功能,左房重构后,左房功能减低与左室功能下降相关.     

M型、二维或三维超声心动图诊断左室肥厚

目的对比M型、二维和三维超声心动图三种技术诊断左室肥厚的敏感性和相对准确性。方法在43例冠心病和高血压患者中,应用M型超声Penn方程、二维超声双平面Simpson方程和多平面经食管三维超声心动图技术分别测量左室心肌重量,以Framingham研究确定的左室肥厚诊断标准,对比了三种超声技术对左室肥厚的检出率。以三维超声的诊断结果为标准,评价了M型和二维超声的诊断准确性。结果M型、二维和三维超声技术对左室肥厚的检出率分别为14.0%、16.3%和20.9%,与三维超声诊断相比M型和二维超声的诊断准确率分别为88.4%和90.7%(P均＜0.05)。结论对于左室肥厚的诊断,三维超声具有较M型和二维超声更高的敏感性和准确性,在左室肥厚合并明显节段性室壁运动异常的患者,三维超声应作为首选的诊断技术。