抗脆弱类杆菌和产气荚膜杆菌McAb池在外科感染快速诊断中的应用

目的 制备抗脆弱杆菌和抗产气荚膜杆菌单克隆抗体池,并用于快速诊断及时指导临床治疗。方法 采用间接免疫荧光抗体染色法（IFA）和免疫酶标抗体染色法（ELA）对我院1998～1999年191例外科感染患者的标本进行细菌学检测,并与常规培养法进行比较。结果 3种方法从191份标本中分别检出脆弱类杆菌53株（27.7%）和55株（28.8%）以及25株（13.1%）;检出产气荚膜杆菌12株（6.3%）和11株（5.8%)以及6株（3.1%）。IFA和ELA法2种厌氧菌检出率明显高于CM法。但IFA和ELA法之间检出率差异无显著性。结论 自制脆弱类杆菌和抗产气荚膜杆菌的McAb池,检测平时常见的脆弱类杆菌和战时常见的产气荚膜杆菌,敏感性高,简便,快速、便于推广。     

直接荧光抗体染色法快速诊断脆弱类杆菌感染

用1株SFMC 10012脆弱类杆菌(Bacteroides fragilis,Bf)制备的荧光抗体应用于临床快速诊断该菌感染,共检140份临床标本,并与培养法比较。结果示直接荧光抗体染色法敏感性为100％,特异性94.5％,阳性期望值83.3％,阴性期望值100％。我们认为:(1)该荧光抗体可用于临床Bf感染的快速诊断;(2)仅用1株Bf的荧光抗体即可取代过去多株Bf制备的混合荧光抗体,从而简化工艺便于生产。     

国内筛选的脆弱类杆菌荧光抗体的评价

通过筛选得到5株脆弱类杆菌(Bacteroides fragilis,Bf),用作者改进后的方法免疫NZW兔,获得凝集效价为1∶1280～1∶5120的五份免疫血清,并制成荧光抗体。其中SFMC10012株的荧光抗体可使100％(69/69)的同种细菌染上4~+荧光,除1株多形类杆菌(B.thetaiotaomicron)染上荧光外,未发现与其它细菌有2~+以上的交叉荧光染色。SFMC 10012菌株的发现,可简化脆弱类杆菌多价荧光抗体的制备工艺,便于生产。     

抗脆弱类杆菌单克隆抗体的研制及其初步应用

用脆弱类杆菌ＡＴＣＣ２５２８５免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠，取其脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞ＳＰ２／０融合。得到一株能稳定分泌高效价特异性抗体的杂交瘤细胞株（２Ｃ）。经鉴定该单抗主要与脆弱类杆菌的菌体抗原ＬＰＳ发生反应。玻片凝集试验和ＥＬＩＳＡ检测，该单抗只与脆弱类杆菌呈现阳性反应，而与其它厌氧菌和需氧菌均呈阴性反应。应用该单抗建立的ＥＬＩＳＡ夹心法快速检测脆弱类杆菌，具有特异性和敏感性高。方法简便、快速的优点。     

牙周病龈下菌斑厌氧菌培养的初步报告

报道牙周病、牙龈炎及正常牙龈龈下菌斑厌氧菌培养的结果。51例牙周病标本检出146株,其中厌氧菌111株,兼性厌氧菌35株。厌氧菌中革兰氏阴性厌氧菌59株,革兰氏阴性厌氧菌中革兰氏阴性厌氧杆菌占优势,其中类杆菌属29株、梭形杆菌属25株。类杆菌属中又以产黑色素类杆菌菌株居多,梭形杆菌属中核梭形杆菌居多为22株,而其他菌株数则较少,我们认为革兰氏阴性厌氧杆菌与牙周病的关系是比较密切的。     

脆弱类杆菌引起坏疽性口炎1例

脆弱类杆菌引起坏疽性口炎１例杨文权鞍山钢铁公司长甸医院口腔科（１１４００５）关键词脆弱类杆菌，坏疽性口炎无芽胞厌氧菌脆弱类杆菌引起的大面积、多部位坏疽性口炎，临床罕见，我们遇到１例，报告如下。１病例报告患者男性，６８岁，因口腔粘膜破溃、疼痛２０天，不...     

脆弱类杆菌脂多糖(LPS)对正常人外周血单个核细胞分泌IL-10及凋亡的影响

目的 通过研究脆弱类杆菌LPS对正常人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)分泌IL-10及凋亡的影响,探讨脆弱类杆菌感染的机制,为临床上防治厌氧菌感染提供科学的理论依据.方法 采用脆弱类杆菌临床分离菌和标准菌株(NCTC9343)提取的LPS,以不同浓度梯度作用于正常人外周血单个核细胞,24h后收集培养细胞上清液,运用ELISA法检测上清液中IL-10的含量变化,溴乙啶-吖啶橙染色检测凋亡百分率.结果 脆弱类杆菌LPS对正常人PEMC分泌有显著刺激作用,并能诱导其凋亡(P<0.01).脆弱类杆菌临床分离菌与标准菌株LPS对正常人PBMC分泌IL-10及凋亡具有相同效应,两组之间无明显差异(p>0.05).结论 脆弱类杆菌LPS对正常人PBMIL-10的分泌有刺激作用,并能诱导其凋亡.     

脆弱类杆菌与大肠杆菌在胆红素结石成因中的比较研究

作者在制成以脆弱类杆菌为代表的厌氧菌胆红素结石兔模型基础上,对脆弱类杆菌与大肠杆菌在成石中的作用进行了对比研究。作者证实脆弱类杆菌与大肠杆菌按最适比例导致的胆道感染形成的结石最多。早期控制感染是防止成石的关键。脆弱类杆菌产生β-葡萄糖醛酸酶的能力较大肠杆菌强,在色素石成石中作用更大。     

革兰阴性杆菌耐药机制及治疗对策

正革兰阴性菌种类繁多,按照细菌形态分为球菌、球杆菌和杆菌;每种形态的细菌按照生长条件可分为需氧菌和厌氧菌。革兰阴性杆菌在临床上分离率较高,分为5类:肠杆菌科需氧或兼性厌氧菌(志贺菌属、克雷伯菌属、肠杆菌属),弧菌科细菌(弧菌属、气单胞菌属),绝对需氧菌(葡萄糖非发酵菌如铜绿假单胞菌、不动杆菌),绝对厌氧菌(拟杆菌、梭杆菌)     

应用气相色谱法鉴定脆弱类杆菌的实验研究

使用气相色谱技术分析了类杆菌属中脆弱类杆菌的代谢产物，发现脆弱类杆菌产生乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸，异戊酸和琥珀酸。与常规培养法比较，气相色谱技术具有速度快、精确度高、标本用量少等特点。     

DETECTION OF BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS AND BACTEROIDES MELANINOGENICUS BY INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE

This paper presents an evaluation of indirect immunofluorescent and anaerobic culture of B. fra gilis and B. melaninogenicus. 102 clinical specimens were studied. The correlation between these two methods were 87.3'70 for B. fragilis and 86.3To for B. melaninogenicus. In the 102 specimens, the positive rate of l or 2 Bacteroides was 26 (25.5'70) by immuno- fluorescence and 11 (10.7To) by anaerobic culture. The average number of B. melaninogenicus per oil im mersion field in positive anaerobic cultures was 71.9, but was only 4.3 in positive immunofluorescent nega tive cultures, indicating that immunofluorescent is more sensitive than anaerobic culture. No cross im- munofluorescence was detected in B. fragilis, B. me- laninogenicus, 24 strains of other anaerobes and 73 strains of aerobes. This shows that our immuno- fluorescent method is rather specific. The time necessary for anaerobic culture is one week or more, but immunofluorescence requires only an hour. It seems that immunofluorescent assay is more useful for early diagnosis of B. fragilis and B. melaninogeni- cus infections.     

Anaerobic bacteria and intrahepatic stones: detections of Clostridium sp. and Bacteroides fragilis

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In vitro activity of teicoplanin, vancomycin, A16686, clindamycin, erythromycin and fusidic acid against anaerobic bacteria

The in vitro activity of teicoplanin and A16686, two new glycopeptide antibiotics was determined against 196 isolates of anaerobic bacteria. The activity of teicoplanin and A16686, in comparison with that of vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin and fusidic acid was 2 to 16 times higher against the gram positive anaerobes, namely, Propionibacterium acnes, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium species, Peptococcus species and Peptostreptococcus species. However, Bacteroides fragilis was resistant to teicoplanin and A16686 while Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides bivius were found to be sensitive.     

Primary meningitis caused by Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium necrophorum.

A fatal case of meningitis due to Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium necrophorum is reported. This appears to be the first case in which meningitis due to these organisms was not secondary to a disease elsewhere in the body. The organisms are difficult to culture and strict anaerobic methods should be used whenever they are suspected. Intravenous metronidazole is probably the antibiotic of choice.     

Gliadin antibody detection in gluten enteropathy

Circulating antigliadin antibody has been described in patients with gluten enteropathy although the prevalence varies in different studies. It has been suggested that the investigation for antigliadin antibody might be useful as a screening test. The object of the present study was to evaluate two different techniques for assaying these antibodies — an indirect immunofluorescent method and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies were assayed in the sera of 102 patients in whom jejunal biopsies were also obtained. The specificity of both tests was greater than 95%, and the correlation between the presence of antibody and histology was significant (p < 0.005), though the sensitivity of each test was less than 70%.     

Erythromycin for anaerobic pleuropulmonary and soft-tissue infections.

Erythromycin has been reported to be active in vitro against most anaerobic bacteria. We found it effective in treating 14 of 17 patients with mild to moderately severe anaerobic or mixed aerobic/anaerobic pleuropulmonary of soft-tissue infections when adjunctive measures (eg, drainage, débridement, and the use of additional antibiotics to treat important aerobic pathogens) were employed. Erythromycin offers a reasonable therapeutic alternative to penicillin in the treatment of a penicillin-allergic patient who has a mild or moderately severe anaerobic or mixed aerobic/anaerobic infection not involving Bacteroides fragilis or fusobacteria.     

The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria from pneumonic cattle lungs

One hundred and forty-four lungs obtained postmortem from cattle with pneumonia were cultured for anaerobic bacteria. Forty-five lungs yielded 73 anaerobic isolates belonging to 20 species. The number of isolations of anaerobes from acute fibrinous or suppurative bronchopneumonias (32.5%) was slightly lower than from similar chronic bronchopneumonias (36.5%). Anaerobes were not recovered from 15 lungs showing macroscopic changes not of bacterial origin, nor from 13 healthy lungs. The predominant genera isolated were Bacteroides, Peptococcus, Fusobacterium and Clostridium. The most common species were P. indolicus (15 isolates), B. asaccharolyticus (nine), F. necrophorum (six), C. perfringens (four) and B. fragilis (four). There was a significant correlation between the presence of Corynebacterium pyogenes (p less than 0.001) or Escherichia coli (p less than 0.01) and the presence of anaerobes in the lungs. The isolated anaerobic bacteria were generally susceptible to ampicillin, penicillin G, cefoxitin, cephalothin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline and metronidazole. The B. fragilis and C. perfringens isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance, and five P. indolicus isolates were resistant to tetracycline.     

54例女童阴道厌氧菌分析

本文报告54名3～5(11/12)岁正常女童阴道厌氧菌培养结果。54例培养均阳性。共分离出153株32种厌氧菌,分离率从高至低依次为拟杆菌(96.3％)、消化链球菌(59.3％)、消化链球菌(14.8)、小韦荣球菌(13％)、放线菌{9·3％)和梭杆菌(5·6％)。最多见的菌种是双路拟杆菌、锐利拟杆菌、脆弱拟杆菌、狄氏拟杆菌和真口腔拟杆菌,其次是黑色消化球菌不解糖消化链球菌、厌氧消化链球菌、小韦荣球菌和产生消化链球菌。提示这些厌氧菌是女童阴道正常菌群。厌氧菌在女童外阴阴道感染的病原学意义尚有待研究。