电转化法制备高转化效率的E.coli感受态细胞研究

为了制备高转化效率的E.coli TG1和E.coli DH5α感受态细胞,采用电转化方法探索E.coli生长对数期的不同生长阶段、质粒DNA含量、电场强度对E.coli转化效率的影响.研究结果表明40 μL菌液中加1.0 ng pUC19 DNA,用间隙0.2 am电击杯时转化效率最高,E.coli TG1有1个电转化效率峰值,即A600为0.665时,转化效率达1.7×109cfu/μg pUC19 DNA;E.coli DH5α有2个转化效率峰值,即A600为0.443和0.810时,转化效率均为3.0×109cfu/μg pUC19DNA.研究结果表明,在相同情况下E.coli DH5α的转化效率高于E.coliTG1,利用本实验确定的参数可制备出高转化效率的电转化感受态细胞.     

NTG对E.coli突变株聚唾液酸产量的影响

在不同的 pH条件下 ,用NTG连续处理E .coli,得到突变菌株JYⅡ 74 ;摇瓶培养 ,发酵液中聚唾液酸产量达 2 80 0mg/L ,比出发菌株提高了 130 0mg/L ,提高幅度为 72 .5 % ,且生产能力稳定 .提取发酵液中的聚唾液酸 ,红外光谱鉴定其纯度 ,13C核磁共振图谱表明 ,该多糖是一种α 2 ,8糖苷键连接的唾液酸同聚物 .     

生物转化法生产茶氨酸的重组大肠杆菌的构建

为构建生物转化法生产茶氨酸的基因工程菌，作者分析了影响大肠杆菌高效表达γ-谷氨酰基转肽酶的几个主要因素．将大肠杆菌JM109的ggt基因接入两种不同的质粒中后，转化大肠杆菌JM109，并在一定的条件下进行表达．通过对比E．coli JM109和转化子的γ-谷氨酰基转肽酶表达活性的不同，探讨了ggt基因的拷贝数、启动子的强弱等几个因素对γ-谷氨酰基转肽酶高效表达的影响．实验表明，将含有自身信号肽和启动子的E．coli JM109的ggt基因接入高拷贝的质粒pUC18中，仅提高ggt基因的拷贝数不能增加γ-谷氨酰基转肽酶的表达量．将含有自身信号肽但不含有自身启动子的E．coli JM109的ggt基因接入具有tac启动子的表达载体pEtac中，发现在强启动子tac的控制下，γ-谷氨酰基转肽酶的表达量提高至出发菌株的2．3倍．将构建的工程菌用于生物转化法生成茶氨酸，底物转化率相应地提高至出发菌株的1．7倍．     

重组大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）-pET28a（＋）-bgl诱导表达β-葡聚糖酶的条件优化

研究自行构建的产β-葡聚糖酶的工程菌E.coli BL21(DE3)-pET28a(+)-bgl在LB培养基中的生长特性,考察种子液的菌龄、培养基起始pH、接种量及诱导起始时发酵液菌浓度等对β-葡聚糖酶产生水平的影响;通过正交试验确定诱导剂IPTG及乳糖添加量、诱导温度及诱导剂作用时间.结果表明:培养基起始pH 7.0,对数生长中期的种子液(OD600为0.35)以接种量(体积分数)10%接入摇瓶发酵培养,37 ℃,200 r/min培养约3 h,菌液OD值达到1.0左右,添加终浓度分别为0.033 6 mmol/L的IPTG及10 mmol/L乳糖,24℃诱导6 h,发酵液清液中酶活达到最高(336.33 U/mL),菌体生长量为1.12 g/L,发酵液中总酶活达到459.32 U/mL,是原始菌株在相同条件下所产酶活的6.62倍.采用优化培养条件及诱导剂作用条件,重组菌在TB培养基中酶活水平进一步提高,诱导剂作用10 h,发酵清液中酶活为1 090.31 U/mL,总酶活1 570.83 U/mL,是原始菌在该条件下酶活的19.73倍,显示出重组菌具有广阔的工业化应用前景.     

嗜盐嗜碱菌Alkalibacterium sp. F26产碱性果胶酶发酵条件的优化

对Alkalibacteriumsp.F26发酵产碱性果胶酶的培养基和培养条件进行了优化.考察了碳源、氮源、无机盐、表面活性剂及起始pH、发酵时间、温度等发酵条件的影响.经单因素和响应面分析试验得到适宜的发酵培养基为(组分g/dL):葡萄糖0.95,蛋白胨1,NaCl 6.3,MgSO4.7H2O0.02,K2HPO4.3H2O 0.1,NaCO31,吐温-80 1;培养条件为:250 mL三角瓶装液量25 mL,35℃,起始pH值11.25,培养24 h.在此优化条件下培养,酶活达1 015 U/mL.     

淋病奈瑟菌外膜蛋白与粘膜佐剂的融合表达

目的 :在大肠埃希菌 (E .coli)中表达淋病奈瑟菌外膜蛋白与粘膜免疫佐剂的融合蛋白。　方法 :PCR扩增淋病奈瑟菌保守抗原表位porinloopⅥ～Ⅷ (PL678)基因 ,并与不耐热肠毒素B亚单位 (LTB)融合 ,转化E .coli,ELISA、SDS PAGE及Western印迹分析其表达。　结果 :融合蛋白获得表达 ,具有结合GM1神经节苷酯的能力和与抗淋病奈瑟菌多克隆抗体的反应性。　结论 :融合蛋白的表达为研究淋病奈瑟菌分子内佐剂疫苗奠定了基础。     

EcoPDB：高精度大肠杆菌蛋白质结构与对应基因序列数据集

高质量蛋白质结构及其对应基因序列数据是研究蛋白质折叠与蛋白质编码序列关系问题的基础.通过查询SWISS-PROT数据库中E.coli的蛋白质,得到不同数据库中的蛋白质结构与基因序列的交叉索引表,在此基础上,删除大量冗余及不可靠数据,最后得到一个高精度数据集EcoPDB.该数据集共有191个E.coli基因及其相应的精度好于2.5?的X射线衍射测定的PDB蛋白质结构数据,总残基数约5.5万.     

电泳制备家蝇幼虫抗菌肽及其性质

通过体壁损伤法诱导家蝇幼虫产生免疫血淋巴,经沸水浴热变性,透析浓缩处理,后经Tricine SDS PAGE得到诱导前后家蝇幼虫血淋巴中蛋白差异表达带,将该条带电泳回收,复性,抗菌活性检测等步骤,分离纯化得到3种抗菌肽:MDL 1、MDL 2、MDL 3.研究结果表明:MDL 1分子中富含Gly,相对分子质量为6200,对革兰氏阴性菌E.coli有较强抗性;MDL 2分子中富含Pro,相对分子质量为11000,对革兰氏阴性菌E.coli和革兰氏阳性菌S.aureus均有抗性;MDL 3分子中富含Gly,相对分子质量为14000,对革兰氏阳性菌S.aureus有较强抗性;3种抗菌肽具有很强的温度耐受性,均没有凝血活性和溶血活性.同时电泳制备抗菌肽的实验方法为此类微量生物活性物质的分离纯化提供了有效的途径.     

咖啡豆α-半乳糖苷酶基因在大肠杆菌JM83中可溶性表达、纯化及活性检测

目的:初步证实咖啡豆α-半乳糖苷酶基因在大肠杆菌JM83中可溶性表达、纯化及活性.方法:通过PCR扩增得到咖啡豆α-半乳糖苷酶基因克隆到载体pGEM-T easy,目的片段与预期的大小一致.咖啡豆α-半乳糖苷酶基因与分泌性原核表达载体pAS18连接,转化到宿主菌E.coli JM83.经过IPTG诱导表达并通过SDS-PAGE电泳分析,Western-blot印迹证实蛋白表达的特异性.结果:PCR扩增得到目的片段测序结果正确.SDS-PAGE电泳分析得到目的蛋白41 kD,经过Western blot鉴定正确.ELISA检测证实咖啡豆α-半乳糖苷酶具有生物活性.结论:优化诱导条件,初步证实重组咖啡豆α-半乳糖苷酶基因具有生物活性.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.