核黄素产生菌T30的补料发酵

对核黄素产生菌Ｔ３０补料发酵进行了研究。结果表明，发酵液呈非牛顿特性，充足的溶氧是核黄素高产的关键。补料发酵可以提高核黄素的产量，补料以补糖为主，补单糖或双糖均可。补糖时间与发酵液的ｐＨ值和菌体生长情况密切相关。发酵４８ｈ以后，控制发酵液的ｐＨ值在５．４～６．２之间，多次少量补糖，核黄素的产量可提高２０％～３０％．经补糖发酵后，Ｔ３０的核黄素产量可达８ｇ／Ｌ以上。     

pH值和初始淀粉质量浓度对发酵生产谷氨酰胺转胺酶的影响

研究了不同的 pH值对谷氨酰胺转胺酶 (MTG)发酵过程中菌体生长和产酶的影响 ,在此基础上探讨了不同初始淀粉质量浓度及中后期碳源流加对发酵过程的影响 .研究结果表明 :pH值对菌体的生长和产酶模式产生明显的影响 ,当发酵过程的 pH值控制在 6 .5时 ,最有利于菌体的生长和酶的合成 ,在此条件下可得到较高的菌体干重 (DCW )和酶活 ;初始淀粉质量浓度以 3g/dL较适宜 ,其DCW和MTG酶活最高 ,DCW为 2 5.1g/L ,酶活水平达 2 .94U /mL ;中后期采用流加碳源的策略使发酵时间比分批发酵最好水平缩短 12h左右 ,酶活提高到 3.0 5U/mL ,各项指标均比分批发酵最好水平有明显的提高 .     

盐对勾兑牛奶酒体系稳定性的影响

试验了不同浓度的柠檬酸三钠对于勾兑牛奶酒体系的影响,结果表明随着柠檬酸三钠浓度的增大,勾兑牛奶酒体系的pH值和粘度也随之增大,当柠檬酸三钠的浓度由0.002mol/L增大到0.02mol/L,酒精质量分数大于20%时,其体系的pH值表现出了几乎相同的增加值;而对所有体系来讲,随着酒精质量分数的增大,粘度的增加值却越来越小.试验结果还发现,加入0.008mol/L柠檬酸三钠能够使得牛奶蛋白在乙醇存在下达到最好的稳定效果.     

甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂的分批发酵动力学

在台式发酵罐上研究了Candidaantarctic以豆油为碳源生产生物表面活性剂甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂 (MEL)的分批发酵动力学 ,考察了不同的植物油作为碳源对生产MEL的影响 ,发现精制豆油为最佳碳源 ;在分批发酵实验中发现 ,pH值对C .antarctica的MEL生产影响不大 ,豆油质量浓度过高对菌体生长有一定的抑制作用 .     

Kluyveromyces fragilis LFS-8611 β-D-半乳糖苷酶的摇瓶培养条件

脆壁克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromycesfragilis)LFS 8611合成的β D 半乳糖苷酶具有较高的催化半乳糖基转移反应活力.脆壁克鲁维酵母(K.fragilis)LFS 8611细胞生长和β D 半乳糖苷酶的合成同步.该菌株生长和产酶的最适碳源为半乳糖,乳糖次之;最适氮源为蛋白胨F403;最适培养条件为:发酵培养基的初始pH值为7.0,摇床的转速为200r/min.培养基中碳源和氮源质量浓度对菌体生物量和β D 半乳糖苷酶活力有重要影响,以12mg/mL乳糖为碳源,16mg/mL蛋白胨(F403)为氮源,在最适培养条件下培养32h后,菌体生物量和β D 半乳糖苷酶活力分别为7.56g/L和18.83U/mL.     

Zn2+对轮枝链霉菌SK4.001生长及转谷氨酰胺酶合成的影响

研究了Zn2+在SK4.001发酵生产转谷氨酰胺酶中的作用. 在发酵培养基中加入不同质量浓度的Zn2+,检测菌体量、pH、残余甘油及转谷氨酰胺酶(TGase) 酶活的变化, 发现Zn2+在SK4.001发酵生产转谷氨酰胺酶中除满足菌体生长需要外,还具有提高转谷氨酰胺酶酶活的作用. 发酵培养基中含有3.15 μg/mL Zn2+时,菌体生长正常,菌体量较高;当Zn2+质量浓度增加到8.15 μg/mL时,菌体量改变不明显, 但转谷氨酰胺酶酶活迅速上升,达到4.723 U/mL,是Zn2+质量浓度为3.15 μg/mL时的2.06倍.     

产甘油假丝酵母在丙三醇发酵过程中的有机酸种类及其变化

HPLC分析研究了产甘油假丝酵母 (Candidaglycerolgenesis)发酵过程中有机酸的种类和含量变化 .C .glycerolgenesis主要在菌体生长期产生有机酸 ,使发酵液总酸增加 .确定了发酵过程形成的有机酸含有乙酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、酮戊二酸、苹果酸等 .建立了HPLC测定有机酸的方法 .分析发现 :有机酸中乙酸质量浓度最高约为 1.6 g/L .随着发酵时间的延长 ,发酵液总酸含量逐渐下降 ,而乙酸和α -酮戊二酸在发酵后期有所回升 .     

提高耐高温α-淀粉酶发酵液酶活力的方法

提出了提高耐高温α-淀粉酶发酵水平的方法,并在容积为30 L的机械搅拌式生物反应器上进行了较系统的研究.结果表明发酵过程中向发酵罐内流加一定量的谷氨酸水溶液,有利于对数生长期菌体的增殖,提高了发酵液中菌体的浓度数,同时也满足了菌体在酶的合成期对α-氨基氮代谢的需求,进而明显地提高发酵液的酶活力.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌不同发酵阶段的补糖发酵

通过苏云金芽胞杆菌工程菌BMB005发酵不同阶段补加葡萄糖发酵试验,研究了补糖对苏云金芽胞杆菌发酵的影响.结果表明:对数生长期补加葡萄糖可以提高生物量,进而使发酵液中杀虫晶体蛋白的质量分数提高33 1%,而稳定期补加葡萄糖则是通过提高菌体合成晶体蛋白的能力而使发酵液中晶体蛋白的质量分数提高18 1%. 30 L发酵罐补糖实验结果表明:在起始碳源质量浓度为3 0 g/dL的情况下,对数生长期补加1 0 g/dL葡萄糖可以将发酵液中杀虫晶体蛋白的质量分数和生物效价分别提高37%和51%;稳定期补加 1 0 g/dL葡萄糖可以将发酵液中杀虫晶体蛋白的质量分数和生物效价分别提高33 7%和75 1%;而且稳定期补加比对数生长期补加葡萄糖更有利于增效因子的合成.     

新型搅拌器对黄原胶发酵的影响

设计了一组由六叶布鲁马金与下压式双折叶圆盘涡轮搭配组合而成的新型搅拌器,该搅拌器在冷模实验状态下具有较高KLa值和气含率。将该新型搅拌器应用于机械搅拌式生物反应器黄原胶的发酵,针对发酵过程中黄原胶的浓度、粘度、淀粉含量等参数的变化与传统的六直叶圆盘涡轮进行了对比研究,并研究了不同的挡板条件对黄原胶发酵的影响。结果表明：新型搅拌器能够提高黄原胶发酵液中黄原胶的浓度和粘度、降低发酵液中残留淀粉的浓度,并明显地减少了高粘性发酵液静止区的体积;挡板的缩小或将拆除,更适合于黄原胶高粘性物系的机械搅拌式生物反应器的发酵。     

从发酵液中分离提取核黄素

核黄素的溶解度受溶液的ｐＨ值影响较大，在碱性条件下核黄素的溶解度较大，而在偏酸性溶液中溶解度较小。实验中分析了温度、ｐＨ值、作用时间和避光条件等因素对核黄素分解损失的影响，在此基础上设计了碱溶法提取核黄素的新工艺，并用核黄素的发酵液进行了试验，获得了较好的效果。与传统的酸溶法提取工艺相比，不仅提高了收得率，能耗也大大降低。     

Rose bengal photodynamic antimicrobial therapy to inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis isolates

To evaluate the in vitro efficacy of rose bengal and riboflavin photodynamic antimicrobial therapy for inhibition the growth of four Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolates. Four different clinical P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from patients with confirmed keratitis. Each strain was mixed with either sterile water, 0.1% riboflavin solution, or 0.1% rose bengal solution to yield a final bacteria concentration of 1.5?×?10⁷ CFU/mL. Aliquots from each suspension were plated onto nutrient agar in triplicate. Plates were separated into two groups: (1) no irradiation and (2) 5.4 J/cm² of radiant exposure with custom-made LED irradiation sources. Separate irradiation sources were used for each photosensitizer. The riboflavin groups used a UV-A light source (375 nm) and rose bengal groups used a green light source (525 nm). Plates were photographed at 72 h and custom software measured bacterial growth inhibition. Growth inhibition to riboflavin and rose bengal PDAT showed strain-dependent variability. All four strains of P. aeruginosa showed greatest growth inhibition (89–99%) in the green irradiated-rose bengal group. The UV-A-irradiated riboflavin showed inhibition of 24–44%. UV-A irradiation only showed minimal inhibition (7–14%). There was little inhibitory effect in the non-irradiated photosensitizer groups. Rose bengal PDAT had the greatest inhibitory effect on all four P. aeruginosa isolates. In the UV-A-irradiated riboflavin group, there was moderate inhibition within the irradiation zone; however, there was no inhibition in the non-irradiated groups. These results suggest that rose bengal PDAT may be an effective alternative treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.

     

Impaired intestinal absorption of riboflavin in experimental uremia

Increased plasma and red blood cell concentrations of riboflavin have been reported in uremia. The possible role of altered intestinal absorption of riboflavin in the genesis of this abnormality is not known. For this reason we examined the intestinal absorption of riboflavin in rats made uremic by subtotal nephrectomy and sham-operated (control) rats in vivo using the recycling perfusion technique and in vitro using the everted-sac technique. Paradoxically, the results showed a significant impairment of intestinal absorption of riboflavin in vivo in uremic rats compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was observed in riboflavin transport in vitro. We conclude that the intestinal absorption of riboflavin is decreased in experimental uremia and cannot account for the reported increase in its plasma and red blood cell concentrations.     

严重烧伤患者核黄素营养状况的分析

目的　了解严重烧伤患者核黄素的营养状况。　方法　用登记加询问核实法统计分析 32例严重烧伤患者 [烧伤面积 ( 30 .2± 10 .9) % ,平均烧伤指数 19.7]伤后 37d、814d平均每日核黄素、蛋白质和热能经不同途径摄入量 ,并用荧光法测定 32例严重烧伤患者伤后 37d、814d核黄素 4h尿负荷试验。　结果　 32例严重烧伤患者伤后 37d、814d平均每日摄入蛋白质和热能基本达我国烧伤患者热卡估算公式量 ,蛋白质摄入量约占总热量的 17% 18% ,平均每日摄入核黄素约 35mg ,而 4h尿负荷试验核黄素平均排出量均小于 40 0 μg。　 结论　严重烧伤患者伤后 314d体内缺乏核黄素     

Riboflavin inhibits IL-6 expression and p38 activation in islet cells

Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin that reduces the production of proinflammatory mediators and oxygen radicals. Because islet beta-cells are very sensitive to oxidative stress and to cytokines, we investigated the possible cytoprotective effects of riboflavin on insulinoma NIT-1 cells and on isolated rodent islets. NIT-1 cells and islets cultured in the presence or absence of 10 microM riboflavin were studied at baseline and after exposure to cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, INF-gamma). Riboflavin treatment did not affect islet cell viability as assessed by flow cytometry for caspases activation. However, riboflavin prevented the cytokine-induced increase in IL-6 mRNA expression and p38 phosphorylation analyzed by real-time PCR and immunoassay, respectively. In summary, nontoxic doses of riboflavin prevent cytokines-induced p38 phosphorylation and IL-6 upregulation in islet cells. This observation, together with the safety profile of riboflavin in the clinical setting, makes it an appealing agent for islet cytoprotection in islet transplantation protocols.     

Bimodal distribution of fasting gastric acidity in a rural African population.

SETTING: The people of Transkei eat a diet high in linoleic acid, the principal fatty acid in maize. The theory has been put forward that a diet high in linoleic acid and low in fat and riboflavin, such as the traditional diet in Transkei, results in overproduction of prostaglandin E2 in the gastric mucosa, and that this overproduction in turn causes a suppression of gastric acid production. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of diet on fasting gastric pH in a rural black African population. DESIGN: Fasting gastric acid samples were obtained by fine nasogastric tube aspiration from 150 volunteers at a rural health clinic. The pH of these samples was measured and a full dietary questionnaire was used. Helicobacter pylori serology was done on a subgroup of 30 volunteers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A bimodal pH distribution was found. Approximately half the population had a gastric pH within the range 1-4. Half had a pH of over 4. A high pH was significantly associated with consumption of maize (p = 0.006), and with consumption of both pumpkin and beans (p = 0.006). A high proportion of this rural African population has a diet-associated abnormally high gastric pH. The pattern of upper gastrointestinal disease may be significantly affected by diet in this community and in others with a similar diet.     

Low dietary riboflavin but not folate predicts increased fracture risk in postmenopausal women homozygous for the MTHFR 677 T allele.

The MTHFR C677T polymorphism is associated with mildly elevated homocysteine levels when folate and/or riboflavin status is low. Furthermore, a mildly elevated homocysteine level is a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures. We studied whether dietary intake of riboflavin and folate modifies the effects of the MTHFR C677T variant on fracture risk in 5,035 men and women from the Rotterdam Study. We found that the MTHFR C677T variant interacts with dietary riboflavin intake to influence fracture risk in women. INTRODUCTION: The MTHFR C677T polymorphism is associated with mildly elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels in the presence of low folate and/or riboflavin status. A mildly elevated Hcy level was recently identified as a modifiable risk factor for osteoporotic fracture. We studied whether dietary intake of riboflavin and folate modifies the effects of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism on BMD and fracture risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 5,035 individuals from the Rotterdam Study, >or=55 yr of age, who had data available on MTHFR, nutrient intake, and fracture risk. We performed analysis on Hcy levels in a total of 666 individuals, whereas BMD data were present for 4,646 individuals (2,692 women). RESULTS: In the total population, neither the MTHFR C677T polymorphism nor low riboflavin intake was associated with fracture risk and BMD. However, in the lowest quartile of riboflavin intake, female 677-T homozygotes had a 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1-2.9, p = 0.01) times higher risk for incident osteoporotic fractures and a 2.6 (95% CI: 1.3-5.1, p = 0.01) times higher risk for fragility fractures compared with the 677-CC genotype (interaction, p = 0.0002). This effect was not seen for baseline BMD in both men and women. No significant influence was found for dietary folate intake on the association between the MTHFR C677T genotype and fracture risk or BMD. In the lowest quartile of dietary riboflavin intake, T-homozygous individuals (men and women combined) had higher (22.5%) Hcy levels compared with C-homozygotes (mean difference = 3.44 microM, p = 0. 01; trend, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of elderly whites, the MTHFR C677T variant interacts with dietary riboflavin intake to influence fracture risk in women.     

浓缩核黄素发酵液制取饲料添加剂

从发酵液直接制取作为饲料添加剂的核黄素颗粒（含ＶＢ２约１０％）具有很大的实用价值。通过对重力沉降、过滤和离心等分离方法的试验，发现离心分离是去核黄素发酵液中的机械水分的好方法，而重力沉降和过滤除水在工业生产中均存在着较大的困难。离心获得的浓缩的发酵液经干燥、粉碎和筛分以后可制得流动性好，容易与大宗饲料均匀混合的核黄素颗粒。在实际生产中利用喷雾和流化干燥离心获得的发酵浓缩物将取得更为理想的效益。     

Riboflavin-mediated reduction of oxidant injury, rejection, and vasculopathy after cardiac allotransplantation

BACKGROUND: Riboflavin is a well-known nutritional supplement that has been shown to exhibit antioxidant properties and protect tissue from oxidative damage. We hypothesized that riboflavin given during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) might reduce subsequent acute rejection, after allotransplantation, and coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV). METHODS: A murine heterotopic cardiac transplantation model was used to test whether riboflavin improves I/R injury and acute/chronic rejection. RESULTS: Riboflavin significantly reduced oxidant production and inflammatory mediator production induced by I/R injury, as evidenced by decreased levels of malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase activity, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Administration of riboflavin also improved graft survival and suppressed T-cell infiltration and donor-reactive alloantibody formation during the early period after allotransplantation. A murine long-term cardiac allograft model using immunosuppression (preoperative anti-murine CD4 and anti-CD8) was employed to investigate the effect of riboflavin against CAV at 60 days. Riboflavin-treated grafts exhibited a significant decrease in the severity of coronary artery luminal occlusion as compared with saline-treated grafts (17.4+/-1.8% vs. 43.5+/-5.6%, P=0.0012). However, there was no significant effect of riboflavin to reduce donor-reactive alloantibodies in this chronic model. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that riboflavin improves early I/R injury and reduces the development of CAV, most likely due to alloantigen-independent effects such as reduced early graft oxidant stress. Riboflavin administered in the setting of cardiac allograft transplantation appears to be a powerful means to reduce early graft lipid peroxidation, leukocytic infiltration, and cytokine production as well as to suppress the late development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy.     

Treatment of ureteral colic with intravenous indomethacin.

A randomized prospective double-blind study of the analgesic effect of 50 mg. intravenous indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, was done on 47 consecutive patients with acute ureteral colic. The placebo used was 5 mg. intravenous riboflavin because of the same color as indomethacin. Indomethacin provided complete relief in 78 per cent of the cases, while riboflavin provided relief in 30 per cent. The difference is statistically significant. No side effects were observed with indomethacin.