降钙素原、高迁移率族蛋白1与急性胰腺炎严重程度和预后的相关性研究

目的 检测急性胰腺炎(AP)患者血清降钙素原(PCT)和高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)的水平,探讨它们与AP严重程度及患者预后的相关性.方法 收集80例AP患者血标本,其中重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)38例,轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP) 42例.应用酶联免疫分析法检测血清HMGB1水平,采用免疫化学发光法检测血清PCT水平,分析它们与其他生化指标、AP病情严重程度及患者预后的相关性.以30例健康成年人作为对照组 结果 SAP组患者血清PCT及HMGB1水平分别为(8.18±3.24) μg/L和(11.79±3.98) μg/L,MAP组分别为(5.67±2.43) μg/L和(5.38 ±2.06)μg/L,均显著高于对照组的( 1.85 ±0.86)μg/L和(1.87±1.47) μg/L(p值均＜0.01) AP患者血清PCT水平与HMGB1水平呈正相关(r=0.276,P=0.014),且两者与 Ranson评分、24 h APACHE Ⅱ评分、Balthazar CT评分均呈正相关(P＜0.05或＜0.01).此外,器官功能不全患者的血清HMGB1水平显著高于未出现器官功能不全者(P＜0.05).结论 AP患者的血清PCT及HMGB1水平显著升高,且与 AP病情严重程度呈正相关,因此PCT和HMGB1可作为评估AP严重程度潜在的血清指标.     

血清高迁移率族蛋白1在乙型肝炎病毒相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者中的特点及其临床意义

目的 探讨血清高迁移率族蛋白1 (HMGB1)在HBV相关的慢加急性肝衰竭(HBV-ACLF)患者中的特点及其临床意义.方法 对60例HBV-ACLF患者血清HMGB1水平进行检测分析,并与30例慢性乙型肝炎患者和24例健康查体者进行对照研究,分析其与患者肝功能生物化学指标的相关性,并分析其与患者预后的关系.两组间比较采用独立样本的t检验或非参数检验,多组间比较采用方差分析,相关性分析采用多元线性回归法.结果 HBV-ACLF患者血清HMGB1水平高于慢性乙型肝炎患者[(10.03±3.08) μg/L比对(7.47+2.06) μg/L,t=2.667,P＜0.01],晚期HBV-ACLF患者血清HMGB1水平高于早期患者[(11.68±1.93) μg/L比对(9.11±3.15)μ g/L,t=2.214,P＜0.01],HBV-ACLF患者血清HMGB1水平与AST水平呈正相关(r=0.655,P＜0.01).随访2个月,感染组患者的HMGB1水平高于非感染组[(11.85±2.21)μ g/L比对(9.83±2.75) μg/L,Z=4.027,P＜0.05],死亡组患者的HMGB1水平高于生存组[(11.03±2.31)μg/L比对(9.52±3.01)μg/L,t=2.428,P＜0.05].结论 HBV-ACLF患者血清HMGB1水平随病情进展呈进行性升高,并可部分预测HBV-ACLF患者的预后.     

急性胰腺炎患者血清高迁移率族蛋白B1水平的变化及意义

目的 检测急性胰腺炎(AP)患者血清高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group box-1protein,HMGB1)的水平变化,探讨HMGB1在AP发生发展中的作用.方法 以33例重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)、38例轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP)以及28例健康体检者为研究对象,在发病72 h内收集血标本,采用ELISA法检测血清HMGB1水平,分析其与患者性别,年龄,病因,发病时间,Ranson评分,Balthazar CT评分,血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酐、总胆红素等指标,局部和(或)全身并发症的关系.结果 健康对照组、MAP组、SAP组血清HMGB1水平分别为(1.82±0.64)μg/L、(6.13±5.80)μg/L、(11.48±6.94)μg/L,SAP组显著高于MAP组,MAP组又显著高于健康对照组(P值均<0.05).在发病24 h内患者血清HMGB1水平开始增高,48 h内达峰值,后开始下降,至72 h仍维持在高于正常值水平.血清HMGB1水平与患者性别、年龄、病因无关;与Ranson评分、Balthazar CT评分、CRP、LDH、血肌酐值呈正相关关系.有局部和(或)全身并发症患者血清HMGB1水平高于无并发症者,但差异不显著.结论 HMGB1是一种晚期炎症介质,与AP病情的严重程度相关,并可能参与了SAP时肾功能不全的发生.     

血清高迁移率族蛋白1与急性胰腺炎严重程度相关性研究

目的 观察急性胰腺炎(AP)患者血清高迁移率族蛋白1 (high mobility group box chromosomal protein-1,HMGB1)的水平,探讨HMGB1水平与AP严重程度的相关性。方法 收集62例患者入院即刻及入院后24、48 h血标本,应用ELISA方法检测血清HMGB1水平,并分析其与AP病情严重程度的相关性。以20例健康成年人作为对照组。结果 62例AP患者入院即刻及入院后24、48 h血清HMGB1水平分别为(8.05±1.60)、(8.04±1.39)、(8.25±1.56) ng/ml,均显著高于对照组的(2.20 ±0.57) mg/ml(P值均＜0.01)。其中重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)35例,轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP) 27例。SAP组患者血清HMGB1水平分别为(7.99±1.69)、(8.12±1.40)、(8.13±1.34) ng/ml;MAP组患者为(8.12±1.52)、(7.92±1.40)、(8.39±1.81) ng/ml。两组间差异无统计学意义。结论 AP患者的血清HMGB1水平显著高于正常人群,但其与AP的严重程度无平行关系。     

内镜治疗97例急性重症胆管炎疗效分析

目的探讨急性重症胆管炎的治疗方法。方法对1996年4月至2005年4月沈阳军区总医院收治的97例急性重症胆管炎(ACST)患者采取急诊内镜治疗,经内镜十二指肠乳头切开、机械碎石、网篮取石、球囊扩张、经鼻胆管引流、胆管内支架肠道内引流等技术及术中应用甲硝唑或庆大霉素溶液冲洗胆管等方法综合治疗,并对患者各项临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果97例患者全部存活,内镜治疗3d内患者血清总胆红素由(93.6±22.7)μmol/L降至(32.9±17.2)μmol/L,腹痛、高热、神志改变及休克等胆管炎症状缓解。结论急诊内镜微创综合治疗对急性重症胆管炎是安全有效的,是急性重症胆管炎的首选治疗方案。     

急性胰腺炎患者血清降钙素原与ARDS关系的研究

目的 检测AP患者血清降钙素原(PCT)的含量,探讨其与AP严重程度及并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的关系.方法 38例AP患者按临床诊断及分级标准,分为MAP组16例, SAP组22例,其中ARDS12例.健康体检者15例作为对照.测定AP患者发病后第1、3、7天血清PCT含量,同时进行APACHEⅡ评分.结果 MAP患者发病第1、3、7天血清PCT含量分别为(1.68±0.58)μg/L、(2.05±0.68) μg/L和(0.45±0.25) μg/L,SAP患者发病第1、3、7天血清PCT 含量分别为(2.59±1.10) μg/L、(4.15±1.22) μg/L和(5.29±0.96) μg/L,ARDS患者发病第1、3、7天血清PCT含量分别为(4.37±1.15) μg/L、(5.80±1.53) μg/L和(7.86±1.25) μg/L,均显著高于正常对照组的(0.25±0.12) μg/L(P＜0.01).SAP组的APACHEⅡ分值明显高于MAP组,而ARDS患者的分值又显著高于SAP患者(P＜0.001).SAP组及ARDS组患者PCT水平与APACHEⅡ分值呈正相关(P＜0.01).结果 AP早期可引起血清PCT含量升高,检测血测PCT有助于早期预测AP的严重程度,并可预警ARDS的发生.     

高迁移率族蛋白1在急性坏死性胰腺炎伴器官功能损害中的作用及其抗体的保护作用

目的 探讨高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)在急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)伴器官功能受损发生过程中的作用.方法 雄性ICR小鼠按数字表法随机分为对照组、ANP组和HMGB1单抗处理组(抗体组).采用20％L-精氨酸腹腔注射制备小鼠ANP模型,抗体组于建模成功后即刻给予腹腔内注射HMGB1单抗200 μg.制模后12、24、48 h分批处死小鼠,取血检测血清淀粉酶活性及肝、肾功能指标,ELASA法检测血HMGB1水平,取胰腺及肝脏组织行常规病理检查并评分,实时荧光定量PCR法检测胰腺和肝脏组织HMGB1 mRNA表达.结果 对照组、ANP组、抗体组12 h时的血清HMGB1水平分别为(9.09±1.03)、(25.04±4.30)、(16.84 ±4.27) μg/L；胰腺病理评分为(1.50±0.55)、(4.33±0.52)、(3.03±0.32)分；胰腺组织HMGB1 mRNA表达量为0.48 ±0.18、7.53 ±2.71、3.26 ±2.33;肝脏组织HMGB1 mRNA表达量为-1.23±0.37、0.15 ±0.65、-1.27 ±0.72.ANP组的上述指标均显著高于对照组(P值均＜0.05),而抗体组均显著低于ANP组(P值均＜0.05).造模后24 h血清HMGB1水平与胰腺病理评分呈线性正相关(r=0.768,P＜0.05).此外,各组血清淀粉酶、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、尿素氮、肌酐水平的变化趋势同血清HMGB1的变化,血清HMGB1水平与肌酐、尿素氮、谷丙转氨酶水平呈线性正相关(r值分别为0.824、0.719、0.590,p值均＜0.05).结论 HMGB1可能是ANP小鼠体内炎症反应和器官功能损害的关键因子,外源性给予其抗体可减轻ANP时胰腺及其他器官功能受损程度.     

2型糖尿病患者血清胆红素与尿白蛋白的相关性研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者血清胆红素与尿白蛋白水平之间的相关性.方法 选取2型糖尿病患者686例,根据尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)水平将其分为正常白蛋白尿组(UAER＜20 μg/min,329例)、微量白蛋白尿组(20 μg/min≤UAER＜ 200 μg/min,297例)和显性白蛋白尿组(UAER≥200 μg/min,60例),比较3组间血清胆红素水平的差异,采用Spearman相关分析和Stepwise多元逐步回归分析评价胆红素对UAER的影响.结果 显性白蛋白尿组患者的总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)和间接胆红素(IBIL)水平[分别是(8.4±3.7)μmol/L、(2.3±1.2)μmol/L和(6.1±3.0) μmol/L]较微量白蛋白尿组[分别是(10.6±4.8) μmol/L、(3.1±1.7)μmol/L和(7.4±3.5) μmol/L]和正常白蛋白尿组[(11.3±6.3)μmol/L、(3.5±2.8) μmol/L和(7.8±4.3) μmol/L]显著降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).TBIL(r=-0.084,P=0.027)、DBIL(r=-0.110,P=0.005)与UAER呈显著负相关.结论胆红素可能是2型糖尿病肾病的保护性因素,应重视胆红素的抗氧化作用.     

血清高速泳动族蛋白B1水平与糖尿病患者急性冠状动脉综合征关系的研究

目的:探讨血清高速泳动族蛋白B1(HMGB1)水平与2型糖尿病(DM)患者急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)发生的关系。方法:选取218例ACS患者,其中不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)95例,急性心肌梗死(AMI)123例。健康体检者234名作为对照;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清HMGB1、高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的水平。并对血清HMGB1水平与TNF-α、hsCRP和血糖水平进行相关性分析。结果:与对照组相比,AMI组、UAP组血清HMGB1[(12.70±6.72)μg/L、(7.68±3.63)μg/L比(3.83±1.72)μg/L,P<0.01]水平均明显升高。在对照组、UAP组和AMI组的亚组中,DM患者血清HMGB1水平均高于非DM者(均P<0.05)。血清HMGB1水平与hsCRP,TNF-α、血糖水平均呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论:ACS患者HMGB1水平显著升高,且合并DM的ACS患者HMGB1水平高于非DM患者,表明HMGB1有可能参与ACS的发生、发展过程,且在糖尿病时对ACS的病理生理过程影响更大。     

血清总胆红素水平与急性缺血性卒中患者梗死灶体积、严重程度和病因学分型的相关性

目的 探讨血清总胆红素水平与急性缺血性卒中患者梗死灶体积、卒中严重程度和病因学分型的相关性.方法 以2012年1月至2014年1月期间收治的急性缺血性卒中患者作为研究对象,收集其临床和影像学资料,并检测血清总胆红素水平,分析血清总胆红素水平与缺血性卒中患者梗死灶体积、卒中严重程度和病因学分型的相关性.结果 共纳入290例急性缺血性卒中患者.根据脑梗死体积中位数将患者分为大梗死组(≥1.8 cm3;n=145)和小梗死组(＜1.8 cm3;n=145).大梗死组总胆红素水平显著高于小梗死组[(16.896±7.761) μmol/L对(13.039±4.477) μmol/L;=5.185,P＜0.001],多变量logistic回归分析显示,总胆红素最高四分位数组(＞17.893 μmol/L)为大梗死的独立危险因素[优势比(odds ratio,OR)2.754,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)1.028～7.375;P =0.044].根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分将患者分为轻度卒中组(NIHSS评分＜8分;n=210)和中重度卒中组(NIHSS评分≥8分;n=80),中重度卒中组的总胆红素水平显著高于轻度卒中组[(16.861±7.689) μmol/L对(14.246±6.019)μmol/L;=3.052,P=0.002],多变量logistic回归分析显示,总胆红素水平并非中重度卒中的独立危险因素.将小动脉闭塞性卒中、大动脉粥样硬化性卒中和其他明确病因的卒中合并为非心源性脑栓塞组(n =244),心源性脑栓塞组(n=46)总胆红素水平显著高于非心源性脑栓塞组[(19.639±8.409) μmol/L对(14.087±5.831) μmol/L;t =5.479,P＜0.001],多变量logistic回归分析显示,总胆红素最高四分位数组(＞ 17.893 μmol/L)为心源性脑栓塞的独立危险因素(OR 8.405,95％ CI 1.719 ～41.106;P=0.009).结论 血清总胆红素水平升高是大梗死卒中和心源性脑栓塞的独立危险因素.急性期血清总胆红素作为一种氧化应激指标,可为早期判断缺血性卒中患者的梗死灶体积和病因学亚型提供帮助.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.