不同类型游离穿支皮瓣组合在四肢复杂创面修复中的临床应用

目的探讨不同类型游离穿支皮瓣组合在四肢复杂创面修复中的临床应用效果。方法采用回顾性观察性研究方法。2018年1月—2022年6月, 遵义医科大学附属医院收治11例符合入选标准的四肢复杂创面患者, 其中男8例、女3例, 年龄28～55岁, 创面位于上肢者4例、下肢者7例, 均采用不同类型游离穿支皮瓣组合进行修复。清创后, 创面面积为7.0cm×6.0cm～28.0cm×12.0cm。应用穿支皮瓣组合类型为旋股外侧动脉降支穿支3叶皮瓣者6例、旋股外侧动脉降支联合斜支穿支皮瓣者2例、旋股外侧动脉降支穿支分叶皮瓣联合对侧足底内侧动脉穿支皮瓣者2例、双侧旋股外侧动脉降支穿支皮瓣联合甲瓣者1例, 单个皮瓣切取面积为2.0cm×2.0cm～25.0cm×6.0cm。对供瓣区创面行直接拉拢缝合或移植皮片/皮瓣修复。游离移植皮瓣时, 根据皮瓣实际携带穿支情况进行裁剪、分叶, 并将供区与受区血管进行端端或端侧吻合。术后观察原发受区移植皮瓣成活情况、是否发生血管危象, 供瓣区创面愈合情况及供瓣区移植的皮片/皮瓣存活情况。随访时, 观察原发受区移植皮瓣血运、外观及质地, 同时观察足底受区负重情况以及皮瓣有无滑...     

胸背动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复不同部位皮肤软组织缺损16例

目的 探讨胸背动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植和带蒂转移修复四肢及颈部、腋窝、肩背部皮肤软组织缺损的可行性和临床效果.方法 选用同侧带血管蒂胸背动脉穿支皮瓣修复5例颈部、腋窝、肩背部创面;选用胸背动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复11例四肢骨外露或肌腱外露创面.其中12例以胸背动静脉-外侧支-穿支为血管蒂,4例以胸背动静脉-前锯肌支-穿支为血管蒂,皮瓣不携带深筋膜、背阔肌和胸背神经.皮瓣面积最小10 cm×5 cm,最大26 cm×10 cm.结果 术后16例皮瓣全部成活,供区与受区创面一期愈合.术后随访3～ 24个月,皮瓣质地良好、外形不臃肿,皮瓣供区瘢痕不明显,肩关节功能无影响.结论 胸背动脉穿支皮瓣质地良好、供区隐蔽、血管蒂长、血供可靠,且不牺牲背阔肌和胸背神经.带蒂转移是修复同侧颈、肩、腋窝皮肤软组织缺损的理想方法,游离移植适合修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损.     

削薄腓浅动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复前足创面

目的 探讨削薄腓浅动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复前足创面的临床效果. 方法 2010年1月至2012年6月,应用削薄腓浅动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复前足创面6例,其中足背创面4例,足趾创面2例;缺损面积为3.0cm×5.0cm～5.5cm×8.0cm;4例供区直接缝合,2例供区创面植皮修复. 结果 本组6例皮瓣全部成活,未出现血管危象.随访3 ～12个月,原缺损部位外形及功能恢复满意,供区外形功能无明显影响. 结论 削薄腓浅动脉穿支皮瓣血管解剖恒定,皮瓣质地好,厚薄适中,供区破坏小,是游离移植修复前足创面的新选择,值得在临床上推广应用.     

腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复四肢软组织缺损

目的 总结应用游离腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复四肢软组织缺损并肌腱、骨外露的手术方法及临床应用效果.方法 对四肢软组织缺损创面应用腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植进行修复9例,切取皮瓣面积21 cm×10cm～17 cm×8 cm.结果 皮瓣全部成活,没有并发症发生.术后随访6～20个月,皮瓣外形良好,供区均无腹壁薄弱及腹壁疝的发生.结论 腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣不带腹直肌及前鞘,只含有皮肤、皮下脂肪和血管蒂,避免了供区腹部并发症的发生.供区隐蔽,手术操作方便,是修复四肢软组织缺损的理想皮瓣之一.     

游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复拇指再造供区

目的探讨游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复拇指再造供区创面的临床效果。方法采用游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复12例拇指再造供区创面。缺损面积2. 8 cm×4. 5 cm～5. 0 cm×9. 1 cm,切取皮瓣面积3. 0 cm×5. 0 cm～5. 5 cm×10. 0 cm,皮瓣供区均直接缝合。结果患者均获得随访,时间6～24个月。皮瓣全部成活,质地优良,外观满意。小腿供区切口均一期愈合,仅存留较小的线状瘢痕。结论游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣血管相对恒定、血供可靠,皮瓣切取较简单,供区可直接缝合,是修复拇指再造供区创面较好的选择。     

端侧吻合动脉行游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损

目的 探讨端侧吻合动脉行游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损的效果.方法 采用端侧吻合动脉行游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复21例患者四肢皮肤软组织缺损创面.缺损面积2 cm×2 cm～10 cm×7 cm,皮瓣切取面积3 cm×3 cm～11 cm×8 cm.结果 患者均获得随访,时间2～10个月.21...     

游离髂腹部穿支皮瓣的临床应用

目的 介绍选择供血血管的游离髂腹部穿支皮瓣的临床应用体会.方法 设计选择供血血管及穿支为蒂的髂腹部游离皮瓣移植修复四肢软组织缺损,临床应用30例,其中以旋髂浅动脉为蒂12例,以旋髂深动脉及穿支为蒂14例,以旋髂浅深动脉共干为蒂4例.皮瓣切取面积最大22.0cm×10.0cm,最小8.0cm×6.0cm.结果 术后所有皮瓣均顺利存活,供区创面直接缝合.随访时间3～6个月.修复前臂及小腿(12例)皮瓣外观满意;修复手及足踝部(18例)皮瓣较臃肿,二期行整形术.供区仅遗留线条瘢痕,未出现任何并发症.结论 髂腹部皮瓣供区隐蔽,供皮量大,是修复四肢软组织缺损的良好供区;但供血血管有旋髂浅动脉及旋髂深动脉两类,且穿支或皮支的解剖有一定变异,具体手术时应根据供血血管的口径、走行灵活选择.     

应用股前内侧穿支皮瓣修复足部创面

目的 探讨应用股前内侧穿支皮瓣游离移植修复足部创面的临床疗效.方法 应用股前内侧穿支皮瓣游离移植修复足部创面共7例,其中足背创面缺损4例,足跟创面2例,足底创面1例.缺损面积:6cm×4 cm～18cm×9 cm大小.其中5例穿支皮瓣吻接了股前皮神经支,供区创面直接缝合3例,游离植皮4例.结果 本组7例皮瓣全部成活,未出现血管危象.随访3～9个月,皮瓣质地良好,其中吻合皮神经的穿支皮瓣恢复了保护性感觉.供区功能无影响.结论 应用股前内侧穿支皮瓣游离移植修复足部创面,临床效果满意.     

以彩色多普勒术前定位的短蒂股前外侧穿支皮瓣游离移植修复四肢中小面积皮肤缺损

目的介绍应用彩色多普勒在术前对股前外侧皮瓣穿支血管进行精准定位后, 切取不携带主干血管的短蒂单穿支股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复四肢中小面积皮肤缺损的手术方法和临床效果。方法自2017年12月至2019年9月, 我科对15例四肢中小面积皮肤缺损患者应用短蒂股前外侧单穿支皮瓣游离移植修复, 皮瓣供养动脉与受区动脉端侧吻合, 皮瓣静脉与受区静脉端端吻合。皮瓣切取面积6 cm×5 cm～11 cm×7 cm, 所有皮肤缺损创面均伴有肌腱或骨外露, 皮瓣均为单穿支皮瓣, 皮瓣的游离时间为30～40 min, 平均切取时间为35 min。皮瓣供区一期缝合。结果术后15例皮瓣全部存活, 随访时间3～12个月, 平均7.2个月, 皮瓣外形满意, 供区创面Ⅰ期愈合。结论利用彩色多普勒在股前外侧的近中段对皮瓣穿支入皮点及穿支血管在皮下和肌肉内的行径进行精确定位, 选择合适的穿支作为皮瓣的供养血管, 应用"Free-style"理念切取短蒂股前外侧皮瓣, 对供区损伤小, 切取较传统方式简便, 手术时间短, 供区能直接缝合, 是一种理想的应对血管变异的手术方法。对显微外科技术和彩色多普勒操作技术和要求较高。     

游离腓动脉穿支串联皮瓣修复腕掌背皮肤缺损

目的 探讨以腓动脉穿支为血管蒂,通过游离穿支血管链串联皮瓣修复手腕部两处不同部位皮肤缺损的临床应用及疗效.方法 2008年7月至2011年12月,采用以游离腓动脉穿支串联皮瓣修复手腕掌背部两处皮肤软组织缺损共7例.单纯皮肤缺损4例,合并骨关节、血管、神经及肌腱损伤3例;腕掌侧皮肤缺损面积5.8 cm×4.5 cm～8.2 cm×7.0 cm,腕背皮肤缺损面积4.6 cm× 3.2 cm～ 7.5 cm×6.8 cm;均为亚急诊修复.两皮瓣由腓动脉皮支血管链相连,小腿供区创面宽度小于4.0 cm直接拉拢缝合,较大创面取全厚皮片游离植皮.结果 术后7例14块皮瓣全部存活,2例远端皮瓣出现水泡,经拆线减张后结痂愈合.术后7例获得6～24个月的随访,平均10个月.皮瓣外形满意、质地柔软.皮瓣供区植皮区愈合良好,无水泡及破溃.结论 应用腓动脉穿支为血管蒂,通过游离腓动脉穿支皮动脉血管链串联皮瓣移植修复腕、掌部软组织缺损的方法可行、有效,可获得较好的临床效果.     

蒂部潜移法增加V-Y筋膜皮瓣的推进距离

目的:为修复上肢中小创面提供一种V-Y推进皮瓣。方法:在邻近创面的健康皮肤,依纵行的筋膜皮下血管丛方向设计V-Y筋膜皮瓣,通过对蒂部在深筋膜下间隙及皮下疏松组织中不同层次的潜行分离,既增加了皮瓣的推进距离,又不影响皮瓣的血供基础。结果:临床修复上肢创面6例,皮瓣面积为3cm×4cm~5cm×8cm,推进距离2.5cm~5.0cm,均完全成活。结论:皮瓣蒂部潜移法能安全有效地增加V-Y筋膜皮瓣的推进距离,是修复中小面积创面的较好方法。     

小腿前外侧的皮瓣及筋膜瓣的临床应用

目的介绍小腿前外侧的皮瓣筋膜瓣的应用解剖、手术方式、方法及临床应用。方法在14侧成人下肢标本及1条断腿上,观察了腓浅血管的起始部位、行程及皮支的分布情况,设计了小腿前外侧组织瓣的4种术式。1988年以来,临床应用26例。结果术后皮瓣筋膜瓣全部成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合23例,Ⅱ期愈合3例,20例随访4个月到5年,情况稳定良好,无复发。结论手术操作简单、安全可靠,对供区影响小,是修复小腿及对侧踝及跟部后方创面及治疗胫骨慢性骨髓炎的一种可供选用的方法。     

皮神经营养血管组织瓣的临床应用原则与命名

目的 探讨皮神经营养血管组织瓣的临床应用原则，并提出新的命名方法。方法 总结皮神经营养血管组织瓣的解剖研究和临床经验。结果 皮神经多与皮静脉伴行，在其周围均存在丰富的链式吻合血管丛，显著增加了这类组织瓣的血供。临床以远端(31例)或近端(3例)为蒂，在前臂(26例)和小腿(8例)切取带皮神经和皮静脉营养血管的岛状筋膜皮瓣(20例)和筋膜皮下组织瓣(14例)共34例，长宽比例2．7～5．1：1，平均3．5：1，完全成活。结论 带皮神经营养血管的组织瓣是传统筋膜皮瓣和筋膜皮下组织瓣的特殊范例，临床应用应遵循一定的原则。     

Distally-based superficial sural flap: Advantages of the adipofascial over the fasciocutaneous flap

Abstract

The distally-based superficial sural flap has proved to be an easy and reliable method of reconstruction in soft tissue cover of the distal third part of the leg. There are two ways to prepare this flap: as a fasciocutaneous flap, which includes the fascia with the subcutaneous tissue including the skin; or as an adipofascial flap, which is made up of both the fascia and the subcutaneous adipose tissue. In the latter case, the flap is covered with a partial thickness skin graft either immediately after or at a later stage. The aim of this study was to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the two flaps. The adipofascial flap seems to be better, as it is associated with less donor site morbidity, improved quality of reconstruction, and fewer complications.     

Distally based perforator flaps for reconstruction of post-traumatic defects of the lower leg and foot. A review of the anatomy and clinical outcomes

Study aims

To report the surgical anatomy of the perforator arteries at the lower leg, analyse clinical outcomes in previous studies, and forward methodological recommendations for future studies of post-traumatic perforator flap reconstructions.

Methods

A study sample of 640 human patients drawn from 24 clinical reports was included for review. The sample comprised of four subsets: sural flap reconstructions (n = 257), saphenous flaps (n = 122), supramalleolar flaps (n = 92), and propeller flaps (n = 169).

Results

Statistical analysis of samples from anatomical studies documents significant differences in the perforator distribution from the tibial and peroneal artery; peroneal perforator arteries are randomly organised whereas tibial artery perforators are clustered at three definite levels. The failure rates in clinical studies ranged from 0% to 6%, being lowest for supramalleolar flap reconstructions and highest for saphenous flaps; however, differences between the four subsets were not statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Due to methodological flaws, outcome comparisons in the actual study sample should be interpreted cautiously; in most clinical studies both risk variables and outcome indicators are poorly defined. The outcome of Dynamic Infrared Thermography imaging of post-transposition changes of flap perfusion is reported.

Summary

Fasciocutaneous perforator flaps seem to have high survival rates and represent a feasible approach to post-traumatic reconstructions, especially in low-resource settings. A template for data gathering is recommended for higher accuracy in future comparative studies, and for scientific analysis of success and risk factors. New imaging techniques indicate a promising potential of micro-circular angiogenesis during the first two weeks after flap transpose.     

Experience with the forearm septofascial flap

Summary Fascia has a well vascularized surface, and when it is covered with a split skin graft, it provides the thinnest possible flap. The authors present their own experience with the use of the forearm septofascial flap in 23 patients. A free septofascial flap was used in 15 patients and an island flap in 8 patients. Seven days later, only 25% of the patients had complete take of the split skin graft, while in 60% of the cases, there was only partial take of the graft. The results at 6 months, regarding appearance of the flap and donor site, were good. In 2 patients, a composite osteofascial flap was used for reconstruction of the mandible. In those patients, the viability of the bone was assessed with scintigraphy. There were no significant complications with the donor site. The forearm septofascial flap proved to be a good and reliable method of reconstruction in those parts of the body where thin cover was required. Constant anatomy and minimal postoperative complications are great advantages of the forearm septofascial flap when compared with other fascial flaps.     

Deltopectoral flap revisited: Role of the extended flap in reconstruction of the head and neck

The extended deltopectoral flap is still the best choice in selected cases. During the period 1987-2004, 34 patients required reconstruction of the head and neck using this flap. Twenty-nine had had one or more failed attempts at microsurgical reconstruction after excision of cancer. Five were treated primarily. The flap was divided at least three weeks after the primary operation. All 34 survived, and there were no donor site complications. Twenty-seven patients had an uncomplicated outcome, but the remaining seven required later closure or skin grafting, usually under local anaesthesia, for complications. The extended deltopectoral flap has been used successfully to provide stable coverage of defects in the head and neck and should remain in the armamentarium of reconstructive microsurgeons.     

带蒂组织瓣转移手术修复肢体软组织缺损35例分析

目的　分析带蒂组织瓣转移手术修复肢体软组织缺损创面的疗效。方法　选择肌瓣、岛状皮瓣、岛状肌皮瓣转移 ,直接修复缺损或转移肌瓣表面植皮覆盖。结果　 2 9例慢性骨髓炎和 6例外伤后软组织缺损创面 ,肌瓣、岛状皮瓣、岛状肌皮瓣转移修复疗效满意。结论　带有营养血管的肌瓣、皮瓣肌皮瓣转移手术 ,一期修复肢体创伤、骨髓炎等所致的骨缺损腔及软组织缺损创面 ,效果好 ,因不需吻合血管 ,手术相对简单 ,临床使用安全。