特质愤怒量表中文版在大学生人群应用的信度和效度

目的:探讨特质愤怒量表(TAS)在大学生中的适用性及信度和效度检验。方法:以方便抽样抽取653名大学生完成TAS量表的初测,再以整群抽样的方法,在重庆、四川等七省市各抽取1所高校,以年级分层抽取1866名大学生完成TAS量表的正式施测,同时完成攻击问卷,症状自评量表中的敌意分量表,激惹、抑郁和焦虑自评量表中的外向型激惹分量表,以检验校标效度。对185名大学生4周后重测TAS量表,以检验重测信度。数据资料采用相关分析、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析进行处理。结果:TAS量表中文版的内部一致性信度为0.80,重测信度为0.83,各条目与总分的相关系数均大于0.30(0.43～0.72),探索性因素分析提取出2个因子(特征值分别为3.72、1.42),验证性因素分析揭示了二维的量表结构(χ2/df=7.02,RMSEA=0.06,RMR=0.02,NFI=0.97,CFI=0.97,IFI=0.97,GFI=0.98,AGFI=0.97,RFI=0.95),并有良好的效标关联效度,与各效标之间的相关系数分别为0.59、0.56、0.60、0.42。结论:特质愤怒量表具有良好的信、效度,可用于大学生特质愤怒水平评估。     

特质——状态错失恐惧量表的中文版修订

目的:检验特质—状态错失恐惧量表在中国文化背景下的信度和效度。方法:在大学生群体中发放问卷800份,回收有效问卷720份,另用社交网站使用强度量表和状态—特质焦虑问卷作为效标,4周后随机抽取60名学生进行重测。结果:探索性因素分析得到特质性错失恐惧和状态性错失恐惧2个因子,累积方差贡献率为51.042%。验证性因素分析显示数据拟合良好(χ~2/df=2.379,CFI=0.940,TLI=0.924,GFI=0.942,IFI=0.941,NFI=0.903,AGFI=0.911,RMSEA=0.067,SRMR=0.058);总量表及2个分量表内部一致性信度在0.770-0.824之间,重测信度在0.779-0.862之间;总量表及2个分量表得分与社交网站使用强度得分的相关(r=0.146-0.455,P0.01)、与状态—特质焦虑问卷总分及分量表得分的相关(r=0.156-0.324,P0.01)均有统计学意义,量表具有较好的效标关联效度。结论:特质—状态错失恐惧量表中文版具有良好的信度和效度,可以用于大学生特质性及状态性错失恐惧测量。     

父亲参与教养问卷(中文版)的信效度检验

目的:检验父亲参与教养问卷(IFI)中文版的信效度。方法:经原作者授权,将IFI译为中文版,包含26个条目。采用方便抽样选取871位儿童的父亲施测IFI,进行项目分析、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析和内部一致性检验。同时施测自评抑郁量表(SDS)、自评焦虑量表(SAS)和婚姻质量问卷(ENRICH),以检验校标关联效度。4周后随机抽取30人再次测评IFI以检验其重测信度。结果:探索性因素分析提取4个因子,累计方差解释率为64.5%,验证性因素分析验证了4因素模型(χ2/df=2.99,GFI=0.87,IFI=0.92,NNFI=0.91,CFI=0.92,RM SEA=0.07)。父亲的IFI总分及各因子得分与SDS总分(r=-0.22～-0.34,P0.01)和SAS总分呈负相关(r=-0.17～-0.28,P0.01),与ENRICH总分呈正相关(r=0.35～0.47,P0.01)。整个量表的内部一致性信度为0.95,重测信度为0.84,4个分量表的内部一致性信度为0.74～0.91,重测信度为0.70～0.82。结论:IFI中文版具有较好的信效度,可用于我国关于父亲参与教养方面的研究。     

状态-特质好奇量表在中国大学生群体中的测评

目的:对状态-特质好奇量表(A State-Trait Curiosity Inventory,STCI)中文版进行修订并考察其在中国大学生群体中的适用性。方法:以状态-特质好奇量表中文版、中国版大学生感觉寻求问卷、学习动机量表以及中国大五人格问卷简式版为研究工具,对534名中国大学生施测,并对82人四周后进行重测。结果:(1)验证性因素分析显示,各分量表的单因素模型拟合程度较好,CFI,IFI,TLI,GFI值均大于0.90,RMSEA值均小于0.08,SRMR值均小于0.05,χ~2/df值均小于4。(2)状态好奇分量表和特质好奇分量表的Cronbachα系数分别为0.91,0.92,重测信度分别为0.64,0.78。(3)STCI各分量表总分与兴奋与冒险寻求、学习内在动机、开放性的相关系数在0.21到0.70之间,均显著正相关(P0.01)。结论:状态-特质好奇量表中文版具有较好的信效度,适宜在中国大学生群体中使用。     

不同性度女性的愤怒表达方式与抑郁

目的:考察不同性度(男性化、女性化)女性的愤怒表达方式和抑郁的差异,探讨女性抑郁易感性。方法:采用中国大学生性别角色量表-50(CSRI-50)测评性度,选取男性化女性和女性化女性各200名,用状态-特质愤怒表达量表修订版(STAXI-Ⅱ)评估愤怒表达方式(分为内部表达、外部表达、控制内部表达及控制外部表达),状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)及贝克抑郁量表第2版(BDI-Ⅱ)评估焦虑、抑郁水平,并用相关及回归分析探讨愤怒表达方式与抑郁的关系。结果:女性化女性愤怒内部表达得分高于男性化女性[(19.2±3.9)vs.(18.4±4.3),P<0.05],而控制愤怒内部表达得分低于男性化女性[(21.5±4.2)vs.(23.7±4.4),P<0.001]。女性化女性STAI、BDI-Ⅱ总分均高于男性化女性[(107.3±18.7)vs.(92.4±16.2),(18.9±11.3)vs.(11.4±8.6),均P<0.001]。愤怒内部表达得分与BDI-Ⅱ总分呈正相关(r=0.29,P<0.001),控制愤怒内部表达得分与BDI-Ⅱ总分呈负相关(r=-0.27,P<0.001)。结论:本研究提示,与男性化女性相比,女性化女性更倾向于抑制愤怒,并可能与抑郁的发生有相关。这一发现为今后女性抑郁易感性研究提供了新思路。     

自我调节疲劳量表中文版测评青年人的效度与信度

目的:引入自我调节疲劳量表(SRF-S),并在青年人群中对其效度和信度进行检验。方法:选取北京市某高校一年级研究生238名和某国企青年职工315名,通过条目分析、验证性因子分析检验量表的条目鉴别力和结构效度,选用简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)和自我控制双系统量表(DMSC-S)为效标,考察量表的效标关联效度;对研究生样本进行间隔2周的重测,评定量表的重测信度。结果:SRF-S的条目鉴别力良好,各条目与所属分量表的相关在0.38~0.67之间。验证性因子分析结果表明,剔除2个因子载荷低于0.32的条目后,量表的结构效度较好(χ2/df=5.08、RM SEA=0.09、NFI=0.90、NNFI=0.90、CFI=0.92、IFI=0.92、GFI=0.90),各条目的因子载荷在0.37~0.71之间;SRF-S总分及3个分量表得分与消极应对方式、冲动系统得分均呈正相关(r=0.25~0.58,均P0.001),与积极应对方式和控制系统得分呈负相关(r=-0.22~-0.47,均P0.001)。总量表的内部一致性α系数为0.84,3个分量表的α系数在0.64~0.69之间;总量表的重测信度为0.73,3个分量表的重测信度在0.62~0.67之间。结论:本研究形成的包含16个条目的自我调节疲劳量表中文版具有较好的效度和信度,适合用于评估我国青年人的自我调节疲劳状况。     

儿童期虐待史自评量表在大学生中的信效度研究

目的对儿童期虐待史自评量表进行修订,检验其在大学生中的信效度。方法抽取2374名大学生进行儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)、贝克抑郁自评问卷(BDI)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和自杀意念量表(SIS)的测查。结果 1PRCA的4个分量表和总量表的内部一致性系数为0.604~0.839,间隔6周的重测信度为0.358~0.829(P<0.01)。修正模型中4个分量表的建构信度为0.626~0.717;2验证性因素分析显示,修正后模型的χ2/df<5.000,RMR、RMSEA<0.05,GFI、AGFI、NFI、RFI、IFI、TLI和CFI均>0.900,PGFI、PNFI、PCFI均>0.500,CAIC值小于饱和模型和独立模型;3PRCA的4个分量表分和总量表分分别与近1年SIS分、BDI分和SAS分呈正相关(r=0.084~0.326,P<0.01)。结论儿童期虐待史自评量表具有良好的信效度,可作为评估我国大学生儿童期受虐待情况的有效工具。     

综合相对自主指数在中国父母群体中的修订

目的：本研究基于自我决定理论,检验综合相对自主指数在中国父母群体中的信度和效度。方法：采用综合相对自主指数、亲代养育与柔情问卷及养育倦怠量表对1392名中国父母进行调查,四周后抽取62名父母进行重测。结果：探索性因素分析得到无动机、外部动机、消极内摄、积极内摄、认同动机和内部动机6个因子,累计方差解释率为70.45%。验证性因素分析显示6因子结构拟合良好(χ2/df=4.93, GFI=0.88, CFI=0.90, IFI=0.90, NFI=0.88, RMSEA=0.075)。总量表及6个分量表内部一致性信度在0.79～0.91之间,重测信度在0.10～0.56之间。总量表与亲代养育倾向呈正相关(r=0.25, P<0.001),与养育倦怠呈负相关(r=-0.51,P<0.001)。结论：综合相对自主指数在中国父母群体中具有良好的信效度,可以用于测量中国父母群体的养育动机内化水平。     

痛苦容忍度量表中文版修订及其信效度检验

目的：对《痛苦容忍度量表》(Distress Tolerance Scale, DTS)在中国成年群体中进行修订。方法：对四组样本(共1122人)施测,进行项目分析、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析、效标效度分析和信度检验。结果：1.痛苦容忍度量表中文修订版(Chinese Revised Version of Distress Tolerance Scale,DTS-CR)为一阶三因素结构,包含容忍、调节、评价三个维度,共13题。该模型拟合指数良好(χ²/df=3.313, NFI=0.942, RFI=0.927, IFI=0.959, TLI=0.948, CFI=0.959, RMSEA=0.070)。2.修订后的量表具有良好的会聚效度,与情绪易变性量表中度负相关(r=-0.43),与负性情绪调节预期量表中度正相关(r=0.39);具有良好的效标效度,与特质愤怒量表(r=-0.44)和特质焦虑量表(r=-0.43)均为中度负相关。3.修订后的量表信度良好,总量表的内部一致性为0.86-0.93,2周重测信度为0.85,7周重测信度为0.51。各子量表的内部一...     

中文版员工真实性量表的信效度检验

目的:检验员工真实性量表(Individual authenticity measure at work,IAM Work)在中国企业员工中应用的信度和效度。方法:用IAM Work中文版对657名企业员工进行测试,在样本中随机抽取214名员工同时施测IAM Work中文版、Utrecht工作投入量表简版(UWES-9)、建言行为量表和中国企业员工工作幸福感量表,并在两个月后重测。结果:验证性因素分析验证了员工真实性的三因素模型。各拟合指标分别为χ~2/df=2.61,NFI=0.94,CFI=0.96,IFI=0.96,GFI=0.93,AGFI=0.91,RMSEA=0.05。简版量表为χ~2/df=2.99,NFI=0.97,CFI=0.98,IFI=0.98,GFI=0.96,AGFI=0.94,RMSEA=0.06。所有项目的决断值均显著(P0.001),项目与量表总分的相关在0.46~0.77之间。IAM Work中文版量表和真实的生活、自我异化、接受外部影响的Cronbach’sα系数依次为0.92、0.90、0.93、0.91。简版量表的Cronbach’sα系数依次为0.89、0.83、0.92、0.92。IAM Work量表两个月后的重测信度为0.79,简版为0.78。IAM Work中文版总分、简版总分与工作幸福感(r=0.67,0.58,P0.01)、工作投入(r=0.50,0.43,P0.01)与建言行为(r=0.34,0.23,P0.01)呈现显著正相关。结论:IAM Work中文版量表和简版量表具有良好的信效度,适合在中国背景下使用。     

中学生网络攻击行为与愤怒

目的:探讨中学生网络攻击行为与愤怒的关系。方法:选取12～19岁中学生349人,采用少年网络攻击行为评定量表、少年攻击性问卷和状态-特质愤怒表达量表修订版进行测评。结果:女生愤怒气质因子分高于男生[(2.0±0.7)vs.(1.9±0.7),P0.05]。高中生特质愤怒得分高于初中生[(2.1±0.6)vs.(1.9±0.6),P0.01];愤怒外部表达因子分高于初中生[(2.3±0.5)vs.(2.2±0.6),P0.01]。攻击行为与特质愤怒、愤怒表达各因子均呈显著的正相关(r=0.14～0.57,P0.05);现实攻击行为和网络工具性攻击行为与愤怒控制各因子呈显著的负相关(r=-0.19～-0.11,P0.05),网络反应性攻击行为与愤怒控制各因子相关均无统计学意义。多元逐步回归分析显示,愤怒反应、愤怒表达因子得分与攻击行为得分呈正相关(β=0.13～0.37,P0.05),控制外部表达因子与反应性攻击得分呈负相关(β=-0.01,P0.05)。对攻击行为的可解释变异率的范围为19.1%～35.7%。结论:中学生网络攻击行为可能与特质愤怒、愤怒表达相关。     

Anger Management Style and Hostility: Predicting Symptom-Specific Physiological Reactivity Among Chronic Low Back Pain Patients

It was hypothesized that anger management style (anger-in or anger-out) and hostility affect the aggravation of chronic low back pain (CLBP) through symptom-specific (i.e., lower paraspinal muscle) reactivity during stress. Subjects were 102 CLBP patients who performed mental arithmetic and an Anger Recall Interview (ARI) while trapezius and lower paraspinal EMG, SBP, DBP, and HR were recorded. Results showed anger-in × hostility and anger-out × gender interactions for lower paraspinal but not trapezius reactivity, and only during the ARI. Further analyses revealed that (1) hostility was related positively to lower paraspinal reactivity among high anger suppressors, (2) hostility was related negatively to lower paraspinal reactivity among low anger suppressors, and (3) anger expression was related positively to lower paraspinal reactivity only among men. Anger management style and hostility may contribute to the exacerbation of CLBP by influencing stress reactivity only in muscles near the site of pain or injury.     

The clinical anger scale: Preliminary reliability and validity

This article reports preliminary evidence for the development and validation of the Clinical Anger Scale (CAS), an objective self-report instrument designed to measure the syndrome of clinical anger. Factor analysis of the CAS confirmed a unidimensional item structure; reliability analyses also demonstrated adequate internal consistency and test-retest stability for the CAS; other results indicated that the CAS was unrelated to social desirability influences. Additional findings indicated that clinical anger was associated positively with several anger-related concepts (e.g., trait anger, state anger, anger-in, anger-out, anger-control) and that the CAS was related in predictable ways to people's psychopathological symptoms, personality traits, and early family environments. Implications for future research and therapeutic assessment with the Clinical Anger Scale are discussed.     

Anger Cognitions and Cardiovascular Recovery Following Provocation

The current study describes the creation and validation of the Anger Cognitions Inventory (ACI) to assess the cognitive appraisals associated with resentful and reflective anger. The ACI was created based on a content analysis of self-reports of participants' thoughts and feelings following anger provocation in the laboratory. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on two separate college student samples (N = 267 and N = 276, respectively) revealed five subscales which could validly be grouped into resentful and reflective anger. Convergent and divergent validity data showed that resentful anger correlated positively with anger-out/trait anger and reflective anger correlated positively with anger-in/brooding. A second study showed positive correlations between rumination and delayed cardiovascular recovery following anger provocation. Limitations of both studies include restricted samples which limit generalizability of results and cardiovascular recovery data collected in Study II which does not include assessment of autonomic balance between vagal and sympathetic responsivity.     

Anger, and Plasma Lipid, Lipoprotein, and Glucose Levels in Healthy Women: The Mediating Role of Physical Fitness

The association between anger, lipid profiles, and glucose levels were examined in this study of 103 middle aged, healthy women. A principal component factor analysis of Spielberger's Trait Anger and Anger Expression scales yielded two anger factors: Impulsive Anger-Out and Neurotic Anger. Impulsive anger-out significantly predicted a negative lipid profile (high total serum cholesterol (TSC), low density lipoproteins (LDL), TSC/HDL (high density lipids), and triglyceride levels) and heightened glucose levels, but only in physically unfit women. Neurotic anger did not predict lipid and glucose levels. These findings parallel previous findings regarding the two anger dimensions and CHD, with only impulsive anger-out predicting CHD. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the protective effect of physical fitness, previously documented for men, also occurs in women.     

The validity of multidimensional self-report anger and hostility measures

The present study assessed the convergent and discriminant validity of multidimensional measures of anger and hostility and validated abbreviated neurotic and reactive hostility subscales of the Buss Durkee Hostility Inventory. A sample of 120 adults were administered the abbreviated Buss Durkee Reaction (RH) and Neurotic Hostility (NH) subscales, State-Trait Anger Scale (ST), Anger Self-Report General (ASRG) subscale, Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI), and Framingham Anger-in (FI), Anger-out (FO), and Discuss (FD) scales. An intercorrelation matrix supported the convergent and discriminant validity of these measures except for the Anger-in/Brood subscale of the MAI and the FO scale. Factor analysis of the scales resulted in three factors: anger experience/hostility, verbal/adaptive anger expression, and maladaptive/physical anger expression. Implications for future research on anger assessment, specifically the components of anger experience and anger expression or suppression, were discussed.     

The relationship of anger expression and alexithymia with coronary artery stenosis in patients with coronary artery diseases

This study examined the relationship between anger expression or alexithymia and coronary artery stenosis in patients with coronary artery diseases. 143 patients with coronary artery diseases (104 males and 39 females) were enrolled in this study. The severity of their coronary artery stenosis was measured by angiography. The Anger Expression Scale and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale were used to assess the level of anger expression and alexithymia. The more stenotic group (occluded by 75% or more) exhibited a significantly higher level of alexithymia than the less stenotic group (occluded by less than 25%). Multiple regression analysis on the extent of stenosis also revealed that regardless of gender and age, the coronary artery disease patients with higher alexithymia were likely to show a greater level of stenosis. However, no significant differences were found on either the anger-in or anger-out subscale scores between the two groups. These results suggest that alexithymia is associated with the severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease. However, both anger expression and anger suppression were not shown to be associated with the severity of coronary artery stenosis.     

Anger,adiposity, and glucose control in nondiabetic adults: findings from MIDUS II

Anger has been linked to cardiovascular disease, but few studies have examined the relationship between anger and type 2 diabetes. The aim was to investigate associations among different indicators of anger expression, adiposity, and nondiabetic glucose metabolism in a national survey of adults. Participants were 939 adults without diabetes in the Midlife in the US study (MIDUS II). Glucose metabolism was characterized by fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA_1c). Spielberger’s Anger Expression inventory was used to measure suppressed anger (anger-in), expressed anger (anger-out), and controlled anger (anger-control). We investigated the relationship between anger and glucose metabolism, and whether anger amplified the adverse relationship between body weight distribution (body mass index = BMI and waist-to-hip ratio = WHR) and glucose metabolism. Multivariate-adjusted analyses revealed an association between anger-out and both insulin and insulin resistance. As predicted, anger-in amplified the relationships between BMI and insulin and insulin resistance, while anger-out amplified the association between WHR and insulin and insulin resistance. Low anger-control was associated with higher glucose. None of the three anger measures was significantly associated with HbA_1c. Our findings extend previous research on anger as a potential risk factor for type 2 diabetes by demonstrating that anger expression is associated with clinical indicators of glycemic control, especially among those with pre-existing risk due to obesity and high central adiposity.     

Anger inhibition and pain: conceptualizations, evidence and new directions

Anger and how anger is regulated appear to affect acute and chronic pain intensity. The inhibition of anger (anger-in), in particular, has received much attention, and it is widely believed that suppressing or inhibiting the verbal or physical expression of anger is related to increased pain severity. We examine theoretical accounts for expecting that anger inhibition should affect pain, and review evidence for this claim. We suggest that the evidence for a link between trait anger-in (the self-reported tendency to inhibit anger expression when angry) and acute and chronic pain severity is quite limited owing to a number of factors including a inadequate definition of trait anger-in embodied in the popular anger-in subscale of Spielberger's Anger Expression Inventory, and a strong overlap between trait anger-in scores and measures of general negative affect (NA). We argue that in order to determine whether something unique to the process of anger inhibition exerts direct effects on subsequent pain intensity, new conceptualizations and approaches are needed that go beyond self-report assessments of trait anger-in. We present one model of anger inhibition and pain that adopts elements of Wegner's ironic process theory of thought suppression. Findings from this emerging research paradigm indicate that state anger suppression (suppression manipulated in the laboratory) may indeed affect sensitivity to subsequent painful stimuli, and we outline potentially productive avenues of future inquiry that build on this model. We conclude that although studies employing correlational designs and self-reports of trait anger-in have not upheld the claim that anger inhibition affects pain severity, evidence from studies using new models suggests that actually inhibiting anger expression during a provocative event may increase perceived pain at a later time.