心肺转流下心脏瓣膜术后急性肾损伤的危险因素分析

目的探讨成人心肺转流(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)下心脏瓣膜手术后急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)的危险因素。方法回顾性分析1 349例心脏瓣膜手术患者的临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析心脏瓣膜术后AKI的危险因素。结果 1 349例心脏瓣膜手术患者AKI发生率为28.4%,多因素Logistic回归分析显示,每增加1岁(OR=1.05,95%CI 1.03~1.06,P0.001)、糖尿病史(OR=2.11,95%CI 1.22~3.68,P=0.008)、贫血(OR=1.50,95%CI1.05~2.21,P=0.026)、术前血清肌酐(Scr)值每增加1mg/dl(OR=1.01,95%CI 1.01~1.02,P=0.001)、手术时间每增加1h(OR=1.28,95%CI 1.15~1.41,P0.001)、术中输注血浆(OR=1.50,95%CI 1.14~1.97,P=0.004)是心脏瓣膜术后发生AKI的独立危险因素。结论心肺转流下心脏瓣膜术后急性肾损伤的独立危险因素是高龄、糖尿病史、贫血、术前肌酐高、手术时间长以及术中输注血浆。     

再次心脏瓣膜手术325例临床分析

目的总结再次心脏瓣膜手术患者的外科治疗经验,探讨其危险因素。方法回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年12月第二军医大学长海医院共施行再次或多次心脏瓣膜手术325例的临床资料,其中男149例,女176例;年龄(47.1±11.8)岁。收集患者术前合并症、术前心功能状态、再次手术原因及手术方式、术后早期死亡及并发症发生情况等相关临床资料,并与同期首次心脏瓣膜手术患者相关临床资料进行对比;通过多因素logisitic回归分析导致再次心脏瓣膜手术围术期死亡的相关危险因素。结果全组患者再次手术的主要原因为二尖瓣闭式扩张术后失败及新发其他瓣膜病变;全组术后早期在院死亡28例,总病死率为8.6%(28/325),主要死亡原因为低心排血量综合征(LCOS)和急性肾功能衰竭;与首次心脏瓣膜手术相比,再次心脏瓣膜手术患者术前合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、心功能分级(NHYA)Ⅲ～Ⅳ级及心房颤动者较多,体外循环时间及主动脉阻断时间较长,术后发生LCOS、急性肾功能衰竭、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)等并发症也较多。多因素logistic分析结果显示:术前危重状态(OR=2.82,P=0.002)、体外循环时间>120 min(OR=1.13,P=0.008)、同期行CABG(OR=1.64,P=0.005)、术后发生LCOS(OR=4.52,P<0.001)、ARDS(OR=3.11,P<0.001)、急性肾功能衰竭(OR=4.13,P<0.001)为再次心脏瓣膜手术围术期死亡的相关独立危险因素。结论再次心脏瓣膜手术是难度较大、风险较高的一类手术,但只要术前充分了解瓣膜病变情况、准确把握手术时机及加强围术期监护,仍可降低手术死亡率和并发症发生率。     

主动脉弓部手术脑部并发症的危险因素分析

目的探讨主动脉弓部手术脑部并发症发生的相关危险因素。方法2003年8月至2004年7月,连续行主动脉弓部手术79例中男68例,女11例;平均(46±14)岁。对其脑部并发症的可能危险因素做统计学分析。结果除1例术后24h因心肺功能衰竭死亡外,该组病人脑部并发症的发生率28.2%(22/78例),其中暂时性脑损害(TND)15例(19.2%),永久性脑损害(PND)5例(6.4%),严重的全脑功能紊乱2例(2.6%)。脑部并发症的危险因素包括高血压病(P=0.012)、颈动脉受累(P=0.022)、体外循环(CPB)>180min(P=0.002)、主动脉阻断>120min(P=0.003)、术后血压波动超过80mmHg(10.7kPa)(P=0.000)、输血量>4000ml(P=0.004)。其中术后血压波动超过80mmHg及CPB>180min是脑部并发症发生的独立相关危险因素。结论主动脉弓部手术后的脑部并发症是多因素共同作用的结果。     

主动脉弓部手术后苏醒延迟的危险因素分析

目的 探讨在深低温停循环(deep hypothermic circulatory arrest,DHCA)顺行选择性脑灌注(antegrade selective cerebral perfusion,ASCP)下行主动脉弓部手术后发生苏醒延迟的危险因素. 方法 回顾性分析2004年10月至2012年4月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院113例行主动脉弓部手术患者的临床资料,根据术后24 h患者神志是否恢复清醒,将113例患者分为神志恢复正常组[正常组,n=73,男55例,女18例;(48.1±10.9)岁]和苏醒延迟组[n=40,男29例,女11例;(52.2±11.4)岁].采用单因素和logistic多因素回归分析导致患者术后发生苏醒延迟的危险因素. 结果 住院死亡9例(8.0％),其中死于多器官功能衰竭5例,心力衰竭2例,纵隔感染1例,肺出血1例.术后24 h内苏醒延迟组死亡7例(17.5％),正常组死亡2例(2.7％),苏醒延迟组病死率明显高于正常组(P=0.016).随访94例(正常组65例、苏醒延迟组29例),随访时间4～95个月.随访期间死亡8例(正常组5例、苏醒延迟组3例),其中死于脑卒中2例,心力衰竭3例,肺出血2例,死亡原因不明1例.失访10例.主动脉弓部手术后苏醒延迟危险因素的单因素分析结果显示:年龄(P=0.042)、合并高血压病(P=0.017)、急诊手术(P=0.001)、体外循环时间(P=0.007)、升主动脉阻断时间(P=0.021)、输血(P=0.012)是主动脉弓部手术后发生苏醒延迟的危险因素.Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示:急诊手术(P=0.005)、体外循环时间＞240 min (P=0.000)是导致主动脉弓部手术后发生苏醒延迟的独立危险因素. 结论 主动脉弓部手术后发生苏醒延迟是多因素共同作用的结果.术前应明确患者的诊断、发病部位、病变累及的范围,选择适宜的手术方式;术中加强脑保护的同时尽量缩短手术时间、改进手术操作、围术期维持循环平稳等均是预防苏醒延迟的重要措施.     

心脏瓣膜手术术后心律失常的危险因素与短期预后分析

目的了解心脏瓣膜手术术后心律失常的发生情况,探讨其发生的危险因素及短期预后。方法回顾2015年7月至2016年11月在本院择期行心脏瓣膜手术的患者206例,男100例,女106例,年龄18～70岁,BMI 15～32 kg/m~2,NYHA心功能分级Ⅱ—Ⅳ级,ASAⅡ—Ⅳ级。根据患者手术后是否发生心律失常分为两组:心律失常组和非心律失常组。分析比较两组患者术前、术中及术后的临床资料,评估术后心律失常的发生情况及预后情况,采用多元Logistic回归分析术后发生心律失常的相关危险因素。结果心脏瓣膜手术术后共有124例(60.2%)患者发生心律失常,其中房颤发生率(48.5%)最高。与非心律失常组比较,心律失常组术后血管活性药物使用时间、ICU停留时间及住院时间明显延长,术后心衰发生率明显增高(P0.05)。术后发生心律失常的独立危险因素有术前心律失常(OR=9.62,95%CI 4.79～19.30)、术后疼痛(OR=3.90,95%CI 1.85～8.22)及术后低氧血症(OR=2.55,95%CI 1.04～6.22)。结论术前重视心律失常的控制,术后予以足够的镇痛,及时纠正低氧血症,可以减少术后心律失常的发生,缩短患者ICU停留时间及住院时间,减少其他并发症,从而改善患者预后。     

开胸心脏术后机械通气时间延长影响因素分析

目的探讨开胸心脏术后机械通气时间延长的围术期影响因素,为临床护理工作提供参考。方法使用自行设计的资料收集表,收集2014年10月至2016年6月222例入住心脏外科的开胸心脏手术患者的社会人口学资料,开胸手术前后心、肺及肾功能指标,手术基本资料和术后机械通气时间,筛选机械通气时间延长的影响因素。结果成人心脏手术后机械通气时间延长(24 h)发生率25.2%。Logistic回归分析显示,机械通气时间延长的影响因素包括NYHA分级Ⅳ级(OR=37.266,P=0.002)、既往有心脏手术史(OR=4.755,P=0.020)、术中红细胞输注量(OR=1.192,P=0.010)、术后发生室性心律失常(OR=12.068,P=0.000)、应用1种血管活性药物(OR=5.139,P=0.000)、应用3种或以上血管活性药物(OR=8.677,P=0.002)。结论成人心脏手术后机械通气时间延长的发生率高,其围术期影响因素较多,需加强危险因素评估,加强针对性护理,以缩短机械通气时间,减少术后并发症。     

急性肾损伤定义及分期系统评估心脏手术患者预后的临床价值

目的了解心脏手术后急性肾损伤(AKI)的发病及预后情况,探讨急性肾损伤网络(AKIN)会议推荐的AKI分期预测患者院内死亡的应用价值。方法将2004年1月至2007年6月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院收治的所有成年心脏手术患者1 056例纳入研究,采用AKIN推荐的AKI定义及分期标准评估心脏手术后AKI的发病率及住院病死率,并采用单因素和logistic多因素回归分析法对术前、术中、术后与AKI发生可能相关的危险因素进行分析。结果在1 056例行心脏手术的患者中,328例发生AKI,发生率为31.06%;AKI患者的住院病死率显著高于非AKI患者(11.59%vs.0.69%,P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示:年龄每增加10岁(OR=1.40)、术前高尿酸血症(OR=1.97)、术前左心功能不全(OR=2.53)、冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)加心瓣膜手术(OR=2.79)、手术时间每增加1 h(OR=1.43)和术后循环血容量不足(OR=11.08)是心脏手术后发生AKI的独立危险因素。AKIN分期预测患者院内死亡的ROC曲线下面积为0.865,95%可信区间为0.801-0.929。结论随着AKIN分期的上升,心脏手术患者住院病死率逐步升高。年龄高、术前高尿酸血症、术前左心功能不全、CABG加心瓣膜手术、手术时间延长和术后循环血容量不足是心脏手术后并发AKI的独立危险因素。AKIN分期可以有效预测心脏手术患者发生院内死亡的风险,为及早对高危人群采取有效的预防干预措施提供依据。     

心脏瓣膜手术后ICU时间延长的危险因素分析

目的 分析心瓣膜手术后患者住重症监护病房(ICU)时间延长的危险因素.方法 将2005年1月至5月间连续507例施行心瓣膜手术患者,根据术后住ICU时间是否延长(住ICU时间延长定义为≥5d)分为两组,组Ⅰ75例,术后住ICU时间延长;组Ⅱ432例,术后住ICU时间未延长.先对各变量进行单因素分析,然后将单因素分析有意义的变量纳入logistic回归进行多因素分析.结果 术后住ICU时间延长75例.单因素分析结果显示组Ⅰ中年龄、有心脏手术史、吸烟史、二次体外循环支持的比率、心胸比率、体外循环时间和主动脉阻断时间均大于或长于组Ⅱ;心功能、左心室射血分数(LVEF)和肺功能均低于或差于组Ⅱ(P＜0.05,0.01).logistic多因素分析结果显示术前年龄≥65岁(OR=4.399)、LVEF≤0.50(OR=2.788)、心胸比率≥0.68(OR=2.411)、最大通气量实测值/预计值%＜71%(OR=4.872)、有心脏手术史(OR=3.241)和术中二次体外循环支持(OR=18.656)为术后住ICU时间延长的危险因素.结论 临床上可根据年龄、LVEF、心胸比率、最大通气量、术中是否二次体外循环支持预测术后住ICU时间是否延长.对具有上述危险因素的患者采取更多的防治措施,以降低术后并发症的发生率和死亡率.     

心脏手术史不是A型主动脉夹层孙氏手术院内死亡的独立危险因素

目的 探讨心脏手术史是否是A型主动脉夹层患者全主动脉弓替换加支架象鼻手术(孙氏手术)后院内死亡的独立危险因素.方法 2009年2月至2012年2月,共384例A型主动脉夹层患者纳入研究.其中36例术前有心脏手术史:Bentall手术16例,升主动脉替换术7例,Wheat手术4例,主动脉瓣置换术4例,Bentall加二尖瓣手术2例,二尖瓣及主动脉瓣双瓣置换术1例,房间隔缺损修补术1例,冠状动脉旁路移植术1例.将可能与术后死亡相关的因素先行单因素分析,单因素分析有意义的变量纳入多因素logistic回归分析.结果 孙氏术后院内死亡共31例,占8.07％.有心脏手术史患者36例中共死亡3例,占8.33％.单因素分析结果显示年龄和发病至手术时间小于1周为术前危险因素;体外循环时间超过300 min,主动脉夹层累及冠状动脉需要行冠状动脉旁路移植术为术中危险因素.将此4种危险因素纳入多因素logistic回归,结果显示,发病至手术时间小于1周(P=0.038,OR=2.43)、体外循环超过300 min(P＜0.001,OR=12.05)为孙氏术后患者院内死亡的独立危险因素.心脏手术史不是A型主动脉夹层行孙氏手术后院内死亡的危险因素.有心脏手术史患者术后住ICU时间(2.09±1.89)天,首次手术患者(2.71±3.01)天,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.25).有心脏手术史患者术后机械通气(30.09 ±33.42)h,首次手术(33.86±40.98)h,组间差异亦无统计学意义(P=0.61).有心脏手术史患者术后因出血导致二次开胸率3.03％,首次手术1.88％,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.50).结论 心脏手术史不是A型主动脉夹层孙氏手术后院内死亡的独立危险因素,术后并发症发生率未显著增加.对于有心脏手术史的A型主动脉夹层患者,应该积极外科手术治疗.     

糖尿病肾病致终末期肾病行维持性腹膜透析患者心脏瓣膜钙化及预后的临床研究

目的:探讨糖尿病肾病致终末期肾病行维持性腹膜透析患者的心脏瓣膜钙化及预后的影响。方法:166例行维持性腹膜透析(腹透)患者入组,其中DN患者60例,收集所有腹透患者的一般资料、评估残余肾功能和透析充分性、记录心脏超声结果和用药情况。采用二元Logistics回归分析腹透患者的心脏瓣膜钙化独立危险因素;Kaplan-Meier生存分析不同原发病对腹透患者生存预后的影响。结果:166例腹透患者中心脏瓣膜钙化病例48例(28.92%),其中DN腹透患者22例(36.67%),DN患者发生心脏瓣膜钙化的风险是慢性肾炎患者的2.688倍(95%CI 0.170~0.812,P=0.012);DN是影响腹透患者心脏瓣膜钙化发生的独立危险因素,其风险比达3.895倍;DN组患者生存率与高血压肾病组相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.951,P=0.329),但低于慢性肾炎组患者(χ2=4.065,P=0.044),且死亡风险为3.365倍。结论:DN是维持性腹膜透析患者心脏瓣膜钙化的独立危险因素,其生存率低于慢性肾炎组患者。     

新辅助化疗后机器人胃癌根治术后并发症的影响因素分析

目的:探讨新辅助化疗后机器人胃癌根治术后近期并发症的相关危险因素,以期为有效预防术后并发症拓展思路.方法:回顾收集2012年11月至2020年10月行新辅助化疗后机器人胃癌根治术的89例胃癌患者的临床资料与病理资料.并发症分级按照Clavien-Dindo系统进行评价.采用二元logistic回归分析影响新辅助化疗后机...     

Predictors of postoperative complications in high-risk octogenarians undergoing cardiac operations

BACKGROUND: Cardiac operations in octogenarians are currently reserved for selected patients with severe symptoms and low extracardiac comorbidity; early and midterm results are satisfactory. We evaluated the outcome of high-risk octogenarians undergoing cardiac operations and investigated the predictors of postoperative complications. METHODS: Between June 1998 and March 2001, 73 consecutive octogenarians (mean age = 83.1 +/- 3.0 years) hospitalized and awaiting operation in our Department were analyzed for postoperative complications. We recorded the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease, symptoms of heart failure, previous myocardial infarction, reoperation, left ventricular ejection fraction, use of intraaortic balloon pump, surgical priority, and operative risk. Cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and renal failure were the preoperative extracardiac comorbidities considered. We adopted a multidisciplinary approach to perioperative management. RESULTS: Surgical procedures included coronary artery bypass grafting in 36 patients (49.3%), valve procedures in 20 (27.4%), and combined coronary artery bypass grafting and valve procedures in 17 patients (23.3%). In-hospital death occurred in 6 patients (8.2%). Twenty-one patients (28.8%) had major postoperative complications including renal failure (15.1%), respiratory failure (8.2%), and myocardial infarction (8.2%). The main predictors of postoperative complications were New York Heart Association functional class IV, Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina class 4, and prolonged aortic cross-clamping time. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac operations can achieve satisfactory results even in high-risk octogenarians. Early surgical intervention before severe symptoms appear, and a multidisciplinary approach to perioperative management, may reduce postoperative complications.     

Factor V Leiden Does Not Affect Bleeding in Aprotinin Recipients after Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Background: Carriers of the factor V Leiden mutation (FVL) are resistant to activated protein C proteolysis. Therefore, they are at increased risk of thromboembolic events. Aprotinin is an unspecific proteinase inhibitor frequently used during cardiac surgery procedures to reduce bleeding. However, aprotinin may cause thromboembolic complications after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The primary endpoint of this study was the amount of blood loss after CPB in aprotinin recipients, and secondary endpoints were thromboembolic complications.

Methods: A total of 1,447 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB were prospectively enrolled. All patients were screened for FVL by a fluorescence-based polymerase chain reaction method. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations of FVL on bleeding and thromboembolic complications.

Results: One hundred seven individuals (7.4%) were heterozygous FVL carriers. No difference was found between FVL carriers and noncarriers regarding age, sex, CPB, type of operation, EuroSCORE, antiplatelet treatment, and reoperation. FVL was not significantly associated with postoperative blood loss, whereas a significant influence was found for female sex (P < 0.0001), duration of CPB (P < 0.0001), reoperation (P = 0.001), and preoperative antiplatelet treatment (P < 0.002). Multiple linear regression analysis for total blood loss had an observed power of at least 99%. FVL carriers faced the same risk for postoperative transfusion (P = 0.391), reoperation (P = 0.675), myocardial infarction (P = 0.44), stroke (P = 0.701), and 30-day mortality (P = 0.4) as did noncarriers.     

体外膜式氧合相关并发症分析

目的 分析体外膜式氧合(ECMO)辅助过程中相关并发症情况,以期对提高ECMO辅助抢救成功率.方法 回顾2005年3月至2008年6月117例接受ECMO辅助者的临床资料,其中静脉-静脉转流2例,静脉-升主动脉转流5例,股静脉-股动脉转流110例.结果 ECMO平均辅助时间61h.死亡48例,病死率41.0%.74例治疗过程中发生各种并发症,发生率为63.2%.主要并发症为感染32例次、肾功能衰竭需要透析29例次、氧合器血浆渗漏29例次、二次开胸止血24例次潲化道出血14例次、溶血7例次、肢体血栓5例次、神经系统并发症4例次、离心泵故障1例次.结论 出血是ECMO早期最常见的并发症,随辅助时间延长,感染、肾功能衰竭及氧合器血浆渗漏等并发症明显增加.积极预防、治疗并发症对提高ECMO病人抢救成功率非常重要.     

Risk factors for stroke following coronary artery bypass operations

BACKGROUND: Although the overall complication rates have been decreased significantly in recent years, stroke rates still remain high in patients undergoing coronary bypass operations. This study is designed to evaluate the risk factors for stroke in patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery in an 8-year period in our clinic. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2003, 8547 coronary artery operations under cardiopulmonary bypass were performed. Retrospective analysis of the patient files revealed that 75 (0.9%) patients had stroke in the early postoperative period. RESULTS: Mean age of these patients was 62.3 +/- 9.5 years, and 54 (72%) were males. Stroke rate was 1.2% between 1995 and 1998 and this was significantly higher from the stroke rate (0.7%) of the period 1998 to 2003 (p = 0.03). Major technical differences between these two periods were the routine application of preoperative carotid arteries Doppler evaluation and intraoperative epiaortic echocardiography after 1998. Higher age (p = 0.000), female sex (p = 0.005), smoking (p = 0.03), presence of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.01), hypertension (p = 0.008), and left main coronary artery disease (p = 0.001), carotid surgery (p = 0.000), and peripheral vascular disease (p = 0.049) were identified as important risk factors in univariate analysis for stroke development. Higher age (p = 0.000; OR = 21.38), left main coronary artery disease (p = 0.007; OR = 7.26), peripheral vascular disease (p = 0.050; OR = 3.08), and operation date before 1998 (p = 0.012; OR = 6.33) were identified as important risk factors in logistic regression analysis. According to intraoperative epiaortic ultrasonography, operative strategy was changed in 9% of patients. Thirty-seven (49.3%) of the stroke patients died. Female sex (p = 0.023; OR = 5.18) and preoperative hypertension (p = 0.045; OR = 4.03) were observed as significant risk factors for mortality after stroke. CONCLUSION: Development of stroke is one of the major reasons of mortality after coronary artery bypass operations. It is essential to take all the measures to prevent this complication, especially in patients with known risk factors. Evaluation of carotid arteries prior to operation and application of routine intraoperative epiaortic echocardiography may in part eliminate stroke.     

Factor V Leiden does not affect bleeding in aprotinin recipients after cardiopulmonary bypass

BACKGROUND: Carriers of the factor V Leiden mutation (FVL) are resistant to activated protein C proteolysis. Therefore, they are at increased risk of thromboembolic events. Aprotinin is an unspecific proteinase inhibitor frequently used during cardiac surgery procedures to reduce bleeding. However, aprotinin may cause thromboembolic complications after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The primary endpoint of this study was the amount of blood loss after CPB in aprotinin recipients, and secondary endpoints were thromboembolic complications. METHODS: A total of 1,447 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB were prospectively enrolled. All patients were screened for FVL by a fluorescence-based polymerase chain reaction method. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations of FVL on bleeding and thromboembolic complications. RESULTS: One hundred seven individuals (7.4%) were heterozygous FVL carriers. No difference was found between FVL carriers and noncarriers regarding age, sex, CPB, type of operation, EuroSCORE, antiplatelet treatment, and reoperation. FVL was not significantly associated with postoperative blood loss, whereas a significant influence was found for female sex (P < 0.0001), duration of CPB (P < 0.0001), reoperation (P = 0.001), and preoperative antiplatelet treatment (P < 0.002). Multiple linear regression analysis for total blood loss had an observed power of at least 99%. FVL carriers faced the same risk for postoperative transfusion (P = 0.391), reoperation (P = 0.675), myocardial infarction (P = 0.44), stroke (P = 0.701), and 30-day mortality (P = 0.4) as did noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that FVL carriers do not have reduced blood loss compared with noncarriers. Furthermore, the combination of aprotinin and FVL does not enhance the risk for thromboembolic complications.     

Risk factors and outcomes after coronary reoperation in 739 elderly patients

BACKGROUND: As second coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operations are becoming more common in elderly patients, we conducted a retrospective analysis of risk factors for in-hospital and late outcome in patients aged 70 and over. METHODS: We reviewed records of 739 patients who underwent second CABG at age 70 or older at our institution between 1983 and 1993. Preoperative, operative, and postoperative variables were analyzed to identify predictors of in-hospital and long-term mortality. RESULTS: The mean age (+/- standard deviation) at reoperation was 74 +/- 3 years and the mean interval after primary operation was 130 +/- 55 months. In-hospital mortality was 7.6% (n = 56). Preoperative factors associated with increased in-hospital mortality were preoperative creatinine greater than 1.6 mg/dL (p < 0.001), emergency operation (p < 0.001), female sex (p = 0.012), moderate or severe left ventricular dysfunction (p = 0.049), and left main coronary disease (p = 0.045). In-hospital, actuarial survival was 75% at 5 years and 49% at 10 years. Cardiac event-free survival was 60% at 5 years and 27% at 10 years. The factors independently associated with increased late death were hematocrit (p = 0.046), diabetes (p = 0.011), peripheral vascular disease (p < 0.001), left ventricular function (p < 0.001), history of cancer (p = 0.016), preoperative nonsinus rhythm (p = 0.003), anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy (p = 0.018), postoperative encephalopathy (p = 0.001), and postoperative stroke (p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: CABG reoperation can have excellent results for many elderly patients, but mortality is markedly higher when elderly patients have certain risk factors and comorbidities, alone or in combination. This information should be helpful in educating patients before they decide whether to choose reoperation.     

Clinical outcome in children with acute renal failure treated with peritoneal dialysis after surgery for congenital heart disease

The present single-center cohort study was based on a clinical intensive care unit database containing data on 1128 consecutive children undergoing their first operation for congenital heart disease between 1993 and 2002 at Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark. A total of 130 (11.5%) children developed postoperative acute renal failure (ARF) managed with peritoneal dialysis (PD). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine risk factors for complications related to PD and to compare mortality between ARF and non-ARF patients controlling for potential confounding factors. A total of 43 complications related to PD were registered in 27 (20.8%) patients. Major complications were seen in eight (6.2%) patients, and only two (1.5%) patients were switched to hemodialysis after peritonitis and hemicolectomy due to bowel perforation. The main risk factors for complications to PD were duration of PD, high RACHS-1 score (Risk Adjusted Classification for Congenital Heart Surgery), and hyperkalemia at initiation of PD. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 6.8% (76/1128). Mortality of ARF patients was 20.0% compared to 5.0% among non-ARF patients (adjusted odds ratio=1.91, 95% confidence interval=1.10-3.36). After stratification, ARF was strongly associated with increased mortality in the subgroups of patients with the lowest overall risk of dying (age> or =1 year, body weight> or =5 kg, RACHS-1 score <3, and no preoperative cyanosis). For patients at high risk of dying (age <1 year, body weight <5 kg, RACHS-1 score> or =3, cardiopulmonary bypass time> or =60 min, and preoperative cyanosis), the association between ARF and mortality was substantially weaker. In conclusion, postoperative ARF was associated with increased mortality in children operated for congenital heart disease. Major complications to PD were few, and our data strongly support that PD is a simple, safe, feasible, and robust dialysis modality for the management of ARF in children.     

Increased airway mucins after cardiopulmonary bypass associated with postoperative respiratory complications in children

OBJECTIVE: Airway mucins may play an important role in the mechanism of respiratory complications after cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children. Our aim was to measure airway mucin levels before and after cardiopulmonary bypass and to determine whether changes in mucin levels were associated with the development of respiratory complications. METHODS: Airway glycoprotein and mucins (MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC2) in serial small-volume airway lavage samples from 39 young children who underwent cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass were measured by slot-blot assay with specific antimucin peptide antibodies. The relationship between mucin changes and post-cardiopulmonary bypass respiratory complications was investigated. Airway lavage samples were also collected from 11 children before and after operation without cardiopulmonary bypass, and changes in mucin levels were compared with those in subjects who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass. Airway lavage sample DNA was also measured to investigate the relationship between mucin changes and lung injury. RESULTS: Glycoprotein, MUC5AC, and MUC5B levels were significantly increased after cardiopulmonary bypass (P <.001) whereas MUC2 level was not. Children with respiratory complications showed significantly higher glycoprotein and MUC5AC levels than did children without respiratory complications before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (P <.05). Increase of total mucin (MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC2) during cardiopulmonary bypass showed positive correlation with DNA increase during cardiopulmonary bypass (r = 0.73), PaCO(2) (r = 0.62) and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (r = 0.55) immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass. Increase of total mucin was associated with postoperative respiratory complications and their severity. There were no significant changes detected in airway mucin during operations without cardiopulmonary bypass. CONCLUSIONS: Airway mucins were increased during cardiopulmonary bypass, and this increase was associated with markers of lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass and with the development of postoperative respiratory complications.     

克罗恩病复发再手术的并发症危险因素分析

目的探讨克罗恩病（CD）复发再手术后并发症的危险因素及其疗效。方法回顾性收集1995-2009年间在福建医科大学附属第一医院65例CD复发再手术患者的临床资料（再手术组）,对其术后并发症的危险因素进行分析。同时选取同期年龄匹配的65例CD初次手术患者（初次手术组）。比较再手术与初次手术的术中及术后情况。结果再手术组复发再手术后有25例（38．5％）出现并发症,显著高于初次手术者（12．3％）。术中行预防性肠造口的19例患者术后仅3例（15．8％）出现并发症,而未行预防性肠造口的46例患者有22例（47．8％）出现并发症,差异有统计学意义（Х^2=5．831,P=0．016）。与初次手术相比,再手术组手术时间更长、腹膜粘连更严重、术后住院时间更长（均P〈0．05）。结论CD复发再手术术式复杂．有着较高的术后并发症发生率。预防性肠造口有助于降低术后并发症发生率。