小视野弥散加权成像定位经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检术对前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的 评价小视野弥散加权成像（rFOV DWI）定位经直肠超声（TRUS）引导前列腺穿刺活检术对前列腺癌（PCa）的诊断价值。方法 收集2016年9月至2017年10月期间于TRUS引导下行前列腺穿刺活检的54例患者,术前均接受rFOV DWI检查。根据前列腺影像报告和数据系统对rFOV DWI图像进行评估,采用经会阴途径10点系统穿刺（SB）和rFOV DWI定目标穿刺（rFOV DWI-TB）相结合的穿刺方案。以穿刺病理结果为金标准,计算rFOV DWI的诊断效能,并比较SB、rFOV DWI-TB及SB联合rFOV DWI-TB在PCa检出率和穿刺点阳性率上的差异。结果 54例患者穿刺病理诊断PCa 26例,rFOV DWI诊断PCa的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为80．77%、89．29%、87．50%、83．33%,rFOV DWI诊断PCa的AUC为0．916。rFOV DWI对临床显著性PCa的诊断敏感性为95%。SB、rFOV DWI-TB与SB联合rFOV DWI-TB检出率差异均无统计学意义（P>0．05）,但SB联合rFOV DWI-TB的检出率显著高于SB（P=0．031）。rFOV DWI-TB穿刺点阳性率显著高于SB（χ²=124．377,P=0．000）。结论 rFOV DWI有助于术前PCa可疑病灶,特别是临床显著性PCa病灶的检出,为TRUS引导前列腺穿刺活检提供目标信息,有较高的临床应用价值。     

CT引导下经皮粗针穿刺活检对上中胸椎病变的诊断价值

目的探讨CT引导下经皮粗针穿刺活检在上中胸椎病变诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析85例于2017年1月至2019年12月间在我科行CT引导下经皮粗针穿刺活检的上中胸椎病变患者的病例资料,其中男47例,女性38例;年龄10～77岁,平均(52.9±15.8)岁,并随访其后续的诊治情况。以手术大体病理结果或临床随访作为评价穿刺病理的标准,随访期至少为6个月。收集穿刺前后治疗方案的调整情况。结果本研究纳入的85例患者,3例穿刺失败,穿刺成功率96%(82/85)。82例穿刺成功的患者中,真阳性69例,假阳性0例,真阴性10例,假阴性3例。针吸活检诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为96%、100%、96%、100%、77%。有19例(23%)患者穿刺前后治疗方案发生了调整:由拟行手术改为非手术治疗者14例;由拟行手术和/或放疗改为靶向治疗者5例。结论 CT引导下经皮粗针穿刺活检在上中胸椎病变诊断中具有较高的敏感性、特异性及准确率,安全性好,可为制定正确的临床决策提供可靠的依据。     

超声造影在前列腺常规声像图阴性患者中的临床意义

目的探讨超声造影(CEUS)在前列腺血清特异抗原(PSA)升高而常规超声检查未见可疑病灶的患者穿刺活检中的应用价值和局限性。方法对56例因PSA升高而常规超声未见可疑病灶的患者在穿刺前行经直肠前列腺CEUS检查,统计和分析穿刺点活检结果和造影剂异常分布区(CAD)之间的关系。结果 56例患者中11例(共35个穿刺点)病理诊断为前列腺癌(PCa),其中7例患者部分阳性穿刺点落在CAD区域(共20个穿刺点阳性其中15个点位于CAD区域,另外5个点不在CAD区域);有4例患者共15个阳性穿刺点均不在CAD区域。56例患者,CAD区域共有99个穿刺活检点,其中15个点穿刺病理证实为PCa,CAD区域的敏感性42.86%(15/35),特异性84.00%(441/525),阳性预测值15.15%(15/99),阴性预测值95.66%(441/461)。在所有造影的病例中CAD区域检出PCa的阳性率是非CAD区域的3.9倍(15.15%vs 3.9%,P0.05),两者差异有统计学意义。阳性穿刺点分布与CAD分布有相关性(r=0.661)。PCa与CAD的体积有明显的相关性,与良性组相比,PCa组有更大的CAD体积(1.01±0.13mL vs 0.37±0.14mL,P0.05)。PCa与PSA呈正相关(r=0.961),与前列腺的体积呈负相关(r=-0.842)。结论对于血清PSA升高但常规超声未发现明确的前列腺异常病灶的患者,超声造影检查有助于PCa可疑病灶的检出。但是,要完整的显示PCa的微血管特征需要更多次数的超声造影。     

前列腺癌超声引导活组织检查临床价值分析

目的探讨前列腺癌采用超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活组织检查诊断临床价值。方法 271例患者均行超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活组织检查,220例经磁共振检查时存在疑似病灶而进行靶向穿刺,以穿刺病理活检结果为金标准,比较两组检查结果的准确性和敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果经穿刺病理活检检出前列腺癌检出率为50.92%(138/271)。超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活组织检查检出率34.68%与磁共振疑似病灶靶向穿刺检出率45.02%比较,χ2=6.03,P=0.01。磁共振疑似病灶靶向穿刺敏感性、特异性和阳性预测值及阴性预测值均明显高于超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活组织检查,P0.05。结论应用磁共振疑似病灶靶向穿刺较超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活组织检查更易检出前列腺癌,但磁共振疑似病灶靶向穿刺并不能完全替代超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活组织检查,可根据患者实际情况来合理选择。     

经直肠实时组织弹性成像联合超声造影在诊断前列腺良恶性疾病中的应用价值

目的:探讨经直肠实时组织弹性成像(TRTE)联合超声造影(CEUS)在诊断前列腺良恶性疾病中的应用价值。方法:分析经病理证实的88例95个前列腺病灶的超声资料,计算TRTE、CEUS及两者联合诊断前列腺良恶性病变的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值,绘制TRTE、CEUS和两者联合应用的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分别计算三者的曲线下面积(AUC),评估联合应用TRTE和CEUS诊断前列腺良恶性病变的价值。结果:TRTE诊断前列腺病变的敏感性为83.33%,特异性为78.72%,准确性为81.05%,阳性预测值80.00%,阴性预测值82.22%;CEUS诊断前列腺恶性病变对应的敏感性为87.5%,特异性为76.60%,准确性为82.11%,阳性预测值79.25%,阴性预测值85.71%;CEUS联合TRTE诊断前列腺恶性病变对应的敏感性为95.83%,特异性为80.85%,准确性为88.42%,阳性预测值83.63%,阴性预测值95.00%;TRTE的ROC曲线下面积为0.877,CEUS的ROC曲线下面积为0.820,TRTE联合CEUS的ROC曲线下面积为0.894,联合诊断的AUC略高于TRTE和CEUS的AUC,联合诊断的诊断价值稍高。TRTE和CEUS联合诊断的诊断准确性高于单独应用TRTE或CEUS,三者之间行χ2检验,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:TRTE联合CEUS在诊断前列腺良恶性疾病中具有较高的价值,两者结合可提高疾病的诊断率。     

磁共振弥散加权结合直肠B超联合定位经会阴前列腺穿刺90例报告

目的：检测前列腺癌影像学诊断新技术一磁共振弥散加权成像（MRDWI）诊断前列腺癌的准确性（敏感度和特异度）,探索TRUS引导的MRDWI图像上可疑病灶穿刺方法,并比较联合MRDWI及TRUS定位与单纯TURS定位经会阴前列腺穿刺活检的准确性。方法：2007年4月～2008年12月间MRDWI或TRUS检查提示可疑前列腺结节的前列腺穿刺患者90例（平均年龄69岁,平均PSA10．9μg／1）;MRI医师、超声医师、泌尿外科医师联合读片确定可疑病灶（MRDwI表观弥散系数减低及B超低回声结节）;穿刺方案为TRUS引导下经会阴可疑病灶穿刺加系统10针前列腺穿刺;MRDWI可疑结节在TRUS图像上的定位方法：在MRDWI上详细定位病灶（病灶直径,病灶中心距中线X,距膀胱颈部L、距前列腺背侧缘距离H）,再在TRUS图像上依据L确定病灶所在横断面,根据X及H确定病灶中心,再测量该横断面上病灶中心距B超探头距离O,在通过病灶中心的纵切面上以高于探头平面O的距离平行进针,即可在TRUS图像上实时精确的穿刺到MRDWI可疑结节。穿刺各针标本注明穿刺部位后分瓶送病理检查;统计各针的影像学诊断及对应的病理,分别计算MRDWI和TRUS的敏感度和特异度。结果：共获963条前列腺穿刺组织标本。前列腺癌阳性针数171个,其中MRDWI阳性123个,敏感度为71．9％（123／171）,阳性预测值（PPV）54．7％（123／225）;B超阳性39个,敏感度为22．8％（39／171）,PPV56．5％（39／69）。阴性针数792个,其中MRDWI阴性690个,特异度为87．1％（690／792）,B超阴性762个,特异度为96．2％（762／792）。MRDWI发现而B超未发现90处（52．6％）,B超发现而MRDWI未发现6处（3．5％）,MRDWI、B超均发现33处,两者均未发现42处（24．6%）。联合定位穿刺敏感度75．4％（129／171）,较之传统B超定位敏感度提高52．6％。结论：MR弥散加权成像诊断前列腺癌的初步结果显示准确性较高,敏感度显著优于TRUS。TRUS引导穿刺MRDWI可疑前列腺结节简单、准确、易行,可藉此联合MRDWI及TRUS联合定位进行前列腺穿刺,提高前列腺癌病灶直接穿刺的敏感度。但目前情况下,仍需要结合系统穿刺来减少漏诊率。     

DWI和DCE-MRI鉴别诊断良恶性前列腺外周带T2WI局灶性低信号病变

目的探讨弥散加权成像(DWI)和动态对比增强MRI(DCE-MRI)鉴别诊断T2WI表现为外周带局灶性低信号的不同病理级别前列腺癌(PCa)与慢性前列腺炎(CP)的价值。方法36例PCa和15例CP经病理证实,且T2WI外周带均表现为局灶性结节样低信号,回顾性分析其ADC值和信号强度-时间(SI-T)曲线类型差异,并绘制ROC曲线评价其诊断效能。结果36例外周带局灶性PCa患者中,中高危PCa亚组20例,低危PCa亚组16例。除低危PCa亚组与CP组ADC值差异无统计学意义(P=0.079)外,其余两两比较ADC值差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。中高危PCa亚组与CP组SI-T曲线类型差异有统计学意义(P=0.013),其余两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。ADC值诊断外周带局灶性PCa的AUC为0.823[95%CI(0.708,0.938)];以0.94×10^-3mm²/s为最佳临界值,ADC诊断外周带局灶性PCa的敏感度为86.70%,特异度63.90%,准确率79.99%。结论DWI的ADC值有助于鉴别前列腺外周带良恶性局灶性病变,但对鉴别诊断前列腺非临床显著癌与CP无显著价值;DCE-MRI的SI-T曲线可鉴别前列腺临床显著癌与CP。     

f-PSA/t-PSA和c-PSA/t-PSA比值对于前列腺癌与良性前列腺增生鉴别诊断意义的多中心研究

目的 探讨f-PSA/t-PSA和c-PSA/t-PSA比值在前列腺癌(PCa)与良性前列腺增生(BPH)鉴别诊断中的作用.方法 对5家医院107例PCa患者和319例BPH患者的血清总前列腺特异性抗原(t-PSA)、游离前列腺特异性抗原(f-PSA)、结合前列腺特异性抗原(c-PSA)进行检测,计算f-PSA/t-PSA和c-PSA/t-PSA,对f-PSA/t-PSA和c-PSA/t-PSA在鉴别PCa和BPH中的作用进行比较.结果 血清t-PSA处于4-20ng/ml区间时,以f-PSA/t-PSA＜0.16作为诊断PCa的标准,诊断PCa的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别是89.0%、78.0%、60.7%和94.6%,以c-PSA/t-PSA＞0.84作为诊断PCa的标准时,分别是91.8%、81.3%、66.3%和96.1%.f-PSA/t-PSA＜0.16和c-PSA/t-PSA＞0.84两项标准诊断PCa的敏感度和阴性预测值无统计学差异(P＞0.05),但c-PSA/t-PSA＞0.84诊断PCa其特异度和阳性预测值显著高于f-PSA/t-PSA＜0.16的标准(P＜0.05).结论 血清t-PSA在4～20ng/ml区间时,f-PSA/t-PSA＜0.16和c-PSA/t-PSA＞0.84都可以为PCa的诊断提供帮助,但c-PSA/t-PSA＞0.84诊断PCa的特异度和阳性预测值好于f-PSA/t-PSA＜0.16的标准.     

超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸活检对甲状腺床病灶的应用价值

目的探讨超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸活检(US-FNAB)对甲状腺癌术后甲状腺床新生病灶的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析于我院接受US-FNAB的63例次甲状腺癌患者术后新生甲状腺床病灶,分别评估病灶大小及超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学结果,并与手术病理结果及临床随访结果进行对照分析。结果 63例次患者的69个病灶中,细胞学结果满意60个,诊断为恶性38个,可疑恶性4个,良性18个;细胞学结果不满意9个。与最终临床诊断结果对照,USFNAB诊断甲状腺床病灶的敏感度为97.62%(41/42)、特异度为94.44%(17/18)、阳性预测值为97.62%(41/42)、阴性预测值为94.44%(17/18)、准确率为96.67%(58/60)。结论 US-FNAB对甲状腺癌术后甲状腺床新生病灶具有较高的诊断价值。     

开放式MR实时透视技术在颅脑病变穿刺活检中的应用效果

目的探讨开放式MR实时透视技术在颅脑病变穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析112例接受1.0T开放式MR实时透视引导颅脑病变穿刺活检患者,以活检后外科手术病理结果或随访结果作为最终诊断标准,计算穿刺活检诊断颅脑病变的准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果 112例患者共穿刺112个病灶,最大径0.91～4.53 cm,平均(2.32±0.81)cm;其中29例病灶最大径≤1.5 cm,83例1.5 cm。112例均成功取材,对其中108例获得明确穿刺病理学诊断结果。穿刺术中4例出现少量颅内出血,未见其他严重并发症,并发症发生率为3.57%(4/112)。穿刺活检诊断准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为96.43%(108/112)、96.34%(79/82)、96.67%(29/30)、98.75%(79/80)及90.63%(29/32),最大径≤1.5 cm与1.5 cm病灶诊断准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论 1.0T开放式MR实时透视引导颅脑病变穿刺活检安全、可行。     

The clinical value of 3 tesla diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of prostate cancer

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method and is considered potentially useful for detecting prostate cancer. We evaluated the clinical value of DWI with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in addition to T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) using 3 tesla (3 T) MRI. Thirty-three patients with elevated prostate specific antigen were evaluated by MRI with T2WI and DWI prior to transperineal template-guided mapping biopsy. The MRI findings were compared with the pathology of biopsy specimens in six parts of prostate : both sides of outer peripheral zones, inner peripheral zones, and transition zones. The sensitivities, specificities and accuracies were 42.1, 84.4 and 76.3％ in T2WI, 57.1, 84.7 and 80.8% in T2WI/DWI, and 87.5, 85.2 and 85.4% in DWI/ADC using 0.951×10 -3 mm2/s as cutoff ADC value. The hazard ratio of patients whose ADC values were under the cutoff was 25.86 by multivariate analysis. Mean ADC values were significantly different between cancer positive and negative cores (p＜0.001). The ADC value showed a negative correlation with increasing tumor length (p＝0.0047). Although further study with a large number of patients is necessary, DWI/ADC using 3 T MRI is a useful tool for detecting prostate cancer.     

Evaluation of Prostate Specific Antigen Density and Transrectal Ultrasonography-Guided Biopsies in 100 Consecutive Patients with a Negative Digital Rectal Examination and Intermediate Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Levels

Background : This study was undertaken to assess the importance of prostate biopsies in patients with a negative digital rectal examination (DRE) and elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and to investigate the role of PSA density (PSAD) and hypoechoic lesions on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in increasing the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer (PCa). Methods : One hundred patients with varied initial symptoms who had a negative DRE and a PSA level between 4 and 20ng/mL underwent TRUS-guided systematic and, if present, lesion-directed biopsies. Results : PCa was detected in 11 patients (11%). TRUS examinations revealed hypoechoic lesions in 31 patients. Lesion-directed biopsies revealed PCa in 1 3% (4/31) of patients with abnormal TRUS whereas, 7% (5/69) of patients with negative TRUS findings had PCa. Additional systematic biopsies detected PCa in 2 patients where lesion-directed biopsies were negative. None (0/19) of the lesions smaller than 0.2 ml on TRUS had PCa whereas, 33% (4/1 2) of patients with lesions greater than 0.2 ml had PCa. When the subgroup of patients with negative TRUS and PSA levels between 4 and 10ng/mL were considered, 25% (1/4) of cases with PCa would have been missed if 0.15 was used as the cut-off point for PSAD, however, this would save 61% (30/49) of unnecessary biopsies. The positive predictive value of PSA (cut-off level lOng/mL), PSAD (cut-off level 0.15), and hypoechoic lesions on TRUS were found to be 11.5%, 33%, and 13%, respectively. When hypoechoic lesions greater than 0.2 mL were taken as the positive finding, the positive predictive value and specificity rates of TRUS increased to 33% and 91 %, respectively, without any change in the sensitivity. Conclusions : In patients with a negative DRE and intermediate PSA levels, the application of PSAD would have saved 49% of study patients with BPH from a biopsy, but would have missed 27% of PCa cases. By ignoring lesions smaller than 0.2 mL on TRUS, a very high specificity of 91% was achieved with a sensitivity of 36%. Thus, further investigations aimed at defining a better mode of diagnosis of PCa are warranted.     

经直肠超声造影引导前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌

目的探讨经直肠超声造影(CETRUS)引导前列腺穿刺活检对前列腺癌的诊断价值。方法对79例可疑前列腺癌患者分别行常规经直肠超声(TRUS)、CETRUS及经直肠前列腺穿刺活检。以病理结果为标准,对比TRUS、CETRUS和TRUS联合CETRUS引导经直肠前列腺穿刺活检对前列腺癌的诊断效能。结果 79例中,病理诊断为前列腺腺癌36例,前列腺良性增生43例。35例CETRUS见异常征象,其中30例病理诊断恶性,诊断敏感度83.33%(30/36),特异性88.37%(38/43),准确率86.08%(68/79)。39例TRUS见异常征象,其中24例病理诊断为恶性病变,诊断敏感度66.67%(24/36),特异度65.12%(28/43),准确率65.82%(52/79)。TRUS联合CETRUS诊断前列腺癌30例,敏感度83.33%(30/36),特异度72.09%(31/43),准确率77.22%(61/79)。ROC曲线结果显示,TRUS、CETRUS、TRUS联合CETRUS引导前列腺穿刺活检对诊断前列腺癌的AUC分别为0.740、0.859及0.777,CETRUS的诊断效能高于TRUS及TRUS联合CETRUS(Z=2.371、2.858,P=0.018、0.004)。结论 CETRUS引导前列腺穿刺活检对前列腺癌的诊断效能较高。     

Usefulness of MRI prior to prostate needle biopsy in PSA gray zone

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we compared MRI findings with the results of biopsy as well as findings from specimens following total prostatectomy. The subjects consisted of 260 males who showed a prostate specific antigen (PSA) level in the gray zone (4 ng/ml ≤PSA <10 ng/ml) and also underwent digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), and MRI prior to prostate biopsy between April 2005 and December 2009. In Evaluation 1, the results of DRE/TRUS/MRI were compared with those of prostate biopsy. The biopsy-positive rate was higher in males positive in each examination. However, 24.8% of males negative in all examinations were biopsypositive. Thus, these examinations were considered to be inappropriate for secondary screening. In evaluation 2, the prostate was divided into 4 regions, and the findings from specimens following total prostatectomy were compared with MRI findings in each region. For the region containing prostate cancer, MRI showed a sensitivity of 26.0%, specificity of 98.3%, positive predictive value of 96.2%, and negative predictive value of 44. 4%. In patients with a Gleason score ≥7, cancer foci were more frequently detectable using MRI. MRI prior to prostate biopsy in patients in the PSA gray zone is inappropriate for secondary screening due to its low sensitivity. However, by virtue of its high positive predictive value, MRI is useful for determining patients indicated for biopsy, as well as DRE and TRUS. Accurate evaluation of the localization of all cancer lesions is difficult using MRI. However, when MRI findings are present, they frequently indicate the cancer lesion, which may be useful information for treatment.     

经直肠多模态超声与多模态MRI检查对前列腺癌诊断价值的对照研究

目的比较经直肠多模态超声与多模态MRI检查对前列腺癌的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2016年4月至2018年5月解放军总医院第一医学中心收治的102例可疑前列腺癌患者的临床资料。平均年龄66.1(38.0~85.0)岁,PSA平均值30.1(0.4~227.0)ng/ml,PSA密度(PSAD)平均值0.67(0.02~4.27)ng/ml^2。102例均行经直肠多模态超声(经直肠常规超声、剪切波弹性成像和超声造影)、多模态MRI(T2加权成像、弥散加权成像和动态增强)以及实验室检查。以经直肠超声引导穿刺活检或手术病理结果作为金标准,对比经直肠多模态超声与多模态MRI检查诊断前列腺癌的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性和受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线的曲线下面积。结果102例中,病理诊断为前列腺癌62例,良性前列腺增生(BPH)40例。并联多模态经直肠超声(即经直肠常规超声、剪切波弹性成像和超声造影检查中任一项结果阳性诊断为前列腺癌)诊断前列腺癌63例,BPH 39例;诊断前列腺癌的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为98.4%、70.0%和87.3%。多模态MRI检查诊断前列腺癌75例,BPH 27例;诊断前列腺癌的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为95.2%、60.0%和81.4%。并联多模态经直肠超声和多模态MRI检查诊断前列腺癌ROC曲线的曲线下面积分别为0.842和0.776,差异无统计学意义(P=0.208)。结论并联多模态经直肠超声检查诊断前列腺癌的效能不亚于多模态MRI检查。     

磁共振DWI及动态增强对前列腺癌的诊断

目的 探讨磁共振弥散加权成像及动态增强在前列腺癌诊断中的价值.方法 分别对24例前列腺癌（PCa）患者、30例前列腺增生（BPH）患者行前列腺DWI及动态增强扫描,15名健康志愿者进行前列腺DWI扫描.分析3组DWI图、ADC图的信号表现,测量ADC值,比较PCa组及BPH组动态增强曲线.所有PCa病例、BPH病例均经手术或穿刺活检病理证实.结果 DWI上PCa表现为高信号影,BPH呈混杂信号,志愿者外周带呈稍高信号.PCa癌灶平均ADC值0.98×10-3mm2/s,增生结节平均ADC值1.46×10-3mm2/s,志愿者前列腺外周带平均ADC值1.85×10-3mm2/s,三者之间的差异互有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.动态增强PCa主要表现为早期强化,BPH主要表现为逐渐强化,PCa与BPH的时间-信号强度曲线类型差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 在DWI图像上,PCa癌灶信号较高.PCa癌灶的ADC值低于正常前列腺外周带及前列腺增生.动态增强时PCa癌灶以早期强化为主.这二者均可作为前列腺癌的诊断依据.     

Bedeutung von endorektaler Kernspintomographie und transrektaler Sonographie beim lokalen Staging des Prostatakarzinoms

METHODS: We assessed the staging accuracy of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (eMRI) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) for localized prostate cancer. 54 patients with biopsy proven prostate cancer underwent TRUS and eMRI prior to radical retropubic prostatectomy. The MR images were prospectively interpreted by two radiologists. These findings were compared with the histopathological results. RESULTS: Overall accuracy of eMRI in defining local tumor stage was 93% by radiologist A and 56% by radiologist B. Overall accuracy by TRUS was 63%. Analysis of interobserver agreement showed a poor correlation regarding MRI studies. Endorectal MRI was more sensitive than TRUS for detecting capsular penetration and seminal vesicle involvement. TRUS revealed a relatively high specificity and was superior to eMRI in this regard. CONCLUSION: This series shows the current limited value of TRUS and eMRI for planning treatment in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.     

Can MRI/TRUS fusion targeted biopsy replace saturation prostate biopsy in the re-evaluation of men in active surveillance?

Purpose

The detection rate for significant prostate cancer of mMRI/TRUS fusion targeted biopsy versus saturation prostate biopsy was prospectively evaluated in men enrolled in active surveillance (AS) protocol.

Methods

From May 2013 to January 2015, 40 men aged 66 years (median) with very low-risk PCa were enrolled in an AS protocol, and eligible criteria were: life expectancy greater than 10 years, cT1C, PSA below 10 ng/ml, PSA density <0.20, ≤2 unilateral positive biopsy cores, Gleason score (GS) equal to 6, greatest percentage of cancer (GPC) in a core ≤50 %. All patients underwent 3.0-Tesla pelvic mpMRI before confirmatory transperineal saturation biopsy (SPBx; median 30 cores) combined with mpMRI/TRUS fusion targeted biopsy (median 4 cores) of suspicious lesions (PI-RADS 4–5).

Results

Ten out of 40 (25 %) patients were reclassified by SPBx based on upgraded GS ≥ 7; mpMRI found all the lesions predictive of significant PCa showing a false-positive rate equal to 5 %; on the contrary, mpMRI/TRUS targeted biopsy missed 3/10 (30 %) significant PCa characterised by the presence of a single positive core of GS ≥ 7 and GPC ≤ 5 %, suggesting that reduced number of targeted biopsies could miss small but significant PCa. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of mpMRI in diagnosing significant PCa were 95.2, 100, 93.8, 83.4, 100 %, respectively.

Conclusions

Although mpMRI provided high diagnostic accuracy (about 95 %) in diagnosing clinically significant PCa, mpMRI/TRUS fusion targeted biopsy cannot replace SPBx at confirmatory biopsy of men enrolled in AS protocols.