7－（香豆素－3－甲酰胺）－3［1－（取代）吡啶基甲基］头孢菌素的合成

７－（香豆素－３－甲酰胺）－３［１－（取代）吡啶基甲基］头孢菌素的合成徐镰，段廷汉，李明华．中国药学杂志，１９９６，３１（１）：４１目的：探讨３＇－乙酰氧基被Ｎ－亲核试剂取代的反应条件、分离精制方法和新头孢菌素的体外抗菌活性。方法：７－（香豆素－３－...     

HGPRT基因突变技术在检测化学诱变剂中的应用

本研究用Ｎ－甲基Ｎ＇－硝基亚硝基胍（ＭＮＮＧ）和苯并芘（Ｂ（ａ）Ｐ）诱导了中国仓鼠Ｖ７９细胞毒性和次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖基转移酶（ＨＧＰＲＴ）基因突变。结果表明，ＭＮＮＧ（０．７３５ｍｇ，Ｌ－１）和Ｂ（ａ）Ｐ（１ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）引起细胞存活率分别为７４．１％和７７．８％。阴性对照如空白对照、Ｓ９对照和溶剂对照的细胞自发突变频率低于０．４３×１０－５。ＭＮＮＧ和Ｂ（ａ）Ｐ＋Ｓ９诱发Ｖ７９细胞６－巯基鸟嘌呤抗性ＨＧＰＲＴ突变频率分别为１．１７×１０－５和１．３４×１０－５，比溶剂对照高４．９０和３．３５倍（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示ＭＮＮＧ和Ｂ（ａ）Ｐ对Ｖ７９细胞呈细胞毒性和遗传毒性效应。     

N－取代－3－羰基－4－甲基－4－氮杂－5α－雄甾－17β－酰胺化合物的合成

为研究开发新的５α－还原酶抑制剂，以３β－羟基－５烯－孕甾－２０－酮（Ⅰ）为原料，经７步反应合成了３－羰基－４－甲基－４－氮杂－５α－雄甾－１７β－羧酸（Ⅷ），再经酰氯法或硫代羧酸酯法合成了１０个新的Ｎ－取代－３－羰基－４－氮杂－５α－雄甾－１７β－酰胺化合物。     

N－（2－羟基－萘甲醛）－L－SER－K及其铜（Ⅱ）、镍（Ⅱ）配合物的合成与表征

合成Ｌ－丝氨酸希夫碱及其铜（Ⅱ）镍（Ⅱ）配合物，用１ＨＮＭＲ、元素分析、ＩＲ、热重－差热分析和摩尔电导对它们进行了表征。结果表明：配体及其铜（Ⅱ）、镍（Ⅱ）配合物化学式分别为Ｋ（ＣｕＨ＿（１４）ＮＯ＿５）、Ｃｕ（Ｃ＿（１４）Ｈ＿（１３）ＮＯ＿５）和Ｎｉ（Ｃ＿（１４）Ｈ＿（１７）ＮＯ＿７）。配体以酚氧、亚胺氮和羧氧与金属离子配位，铜（Ⅱ）配合物含１分子水，形成四配位的化合物；镍（Ⅱ）配合物含３分子水，形成六配位的化合物。     

多功能桥试剂四（ω－羟丙氧甲基）甲烷及三（ω－羟丙氧甲基）氨甲烷的合成

报道通过延伸方法解决季戊四醇（１）及三羟甲基氨甲烷（２）末端羟基立体位阻的方法。（１）和（２）末端羟基经氰乙基化、醇解和还原等步骤制得标题化合物四（ω－羟丙氧甲基）甲烷（３）及三（ω－羟丙氧甲基）氨甲烷（４），并合成９个衍生物，以摸索（３）和（４）的酰化、醚化及氯化等反应条件。所合成的化合物（３～１３）及（１５）均未见文献报道，其结构经ＩＲ、１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ和元素分析确证。标题化合物可作为小分子多功能桥试剂，以增大载体的载药量。     

调料九里香叶的挥发油化学成分研究

运用ＦｉｎｎｉｇａｎＭＡＴ１７Ｄ８００石英毛细管气相色谱－质谱－计算机联用技术，结合标准图谱，对云南元江县城所产调料九里香叶的挥发油成分进行了研究，共分离鉴定出１６个化合物。主要成分是：α－蒎烯（３６．４９９％）、３－蒈烯（１７．０１５％）、十氢－１，１，７－三甲基－４－甲烯基－１Ｈ－环丙［ｅ］（１３．４１２％）、十氢－４α－甲基－１－甲烯基－７－（１－甲乙烯基）萘（７．５９７％）和β－松油烯（４．１２０％）等     

香豆素衍生物合成的研究（Ⅲ.7—羟基香豆素衍生物的合成）

探讨３－取代氨基乙基－４－甲基－７－羟基香豆素衍生物合成的简便方法。方法 间苯二酚和２－（β－二乙氨基惭基乙酰乙酸乙酯经Ｐｅｃｈｍａｎｎ反应得３－（β－二乙氨基）乙基－４－甲基－７－羟基香豆素，再经Ｗｉｌｌｉａｍｓｏｎ反应，生成７－羟基香豆素的衍生物。     

1－（5－异喹啉磺酰基）－2－甲基哌嗪（H－7）的合成

１－（５－异喹啉磺酰基）－２－甲基哌嗪（Ｈ－７）的合成赵京浦，庄明强，姚斌关键词１－（５－异喹啉磺酰基）－２－甲基哌嗪；合成１９８４年Ｈｉｄａｋａ［１］报道多种异喹啉磺酰胺类化合物具有影响蛋白激酶Ｃ活性的作用。其中１－（５－异喹啉磺酰基）－２－甲基哌...     

IL－1受体拮抗剂对急性肺损伤一氧化氮释放量的影响

利用油酸制备小鼠急性肺损伤模型，进行ＩＬ－Ｉ受体拮抗剂对其支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中一氧化氮（ＮＯ）释放量影响的实验研究。结果表明，对急性肺损伤具有保护作用的ＩＬ－Ｉ受体拮抗剂可使油酸型急性肺损伤小鼠ＢＡＬＦ中ＮＯ释放量明显降低，提示ＮＯ可能参与油酸型肺损伤发病过程。     

2－烃基－3－（3’，5’－双胺甲基－4’－羟基）－苯甲酰吲哚衍生物的合成及其心血管活性

２－烃基－３－（３’，５’－双胺甲基－４’－羟基）－苯甲酰吲哚衍生物的合成及其心血管活性黄文龙，徐云根，彭司勋等。中国药物化学杂志，１９９４，４（３）：１７１以具有心血管活性的２－取代－３－对羟基苯甲酰吲哚为母核引入常咯啉双胺甲基结构合成了一系列衍生...     

The Effects of Chinese Tea on the Methylation of DNA by the Esophageal Carcinogen N—Nitrosomethylbenzylamine

In order to investigate the mechanisms of the anticarcinogenic effect of Chinese tea on the development of esophageal tumors in rats induced by N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine, the alkylation of DNA in various organs was studied in rats treated with 2 varieties of Chinese tea, i.e. Fujian Oolong tea and Jasmine tea. Male Wistar rats were given a single i.v. injection of Nnitroso-[methyl-~(14)C]-benzylamine (2.5 mg/kg.body wt) after having been provided tea in drinking water and by garage for 2-3 weeks. Control rats were provided with tap water. Three to four hours after administration of the N-nitroso compound, the methylation of purine bases in the DNA isolated from various organs was measured by high performance liquid chromatography and liquid scintillation counting. In the tea-drinking rats, there was an appreciable reduction of O~6-methylguanine formation in the esophageal DNA as well as the ratio of O~6-metylguanine to N~7-methylguanine, as compared to the control rats. No O~6methylguanine was detected     

一步法RT-PCR检测大鼠死后脑HGPRT mRNA的降解

目的:探讨大鼠死后不同时间次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶(HGPRT)mRNA的降解情况与死亡时间(PMI)的关系。方法:将36只大鼠断颈处死后置于20℃温度控制系统内,利用一步法荧光标记RT-PCR技术检测大鼠脑管家基因HGPRT mRNA在死后即刻至8d的相对表达量的变化。结果:在死后即刻至7d大鼠脑组织均可检测到HGPRT mRNA,其扩增产物呈下降趋势。结论:一步法RT-PCR技术检测大鼠脑组织HGPRT mRNA,在死后的降解呈现出一定的规律性,可为PMI推断提供一种新的指标。     

DNA-Methylierung von monohalogenierten Methanen in F-344 Ratten

Monohalogenated methanes (methyl chloride, methyl bromide and methyl iodide) are mutagenic and carcinogenic. The possible mechanism of these effects, DNA methylation, was studied. DNA adducts from orgnas of F344 rats exposed to these chemicals were separated and identified with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gaschro-matography/massspectrometry (GC/ MS). DNA adducts, 7-methylguanine (7-MeG) and O⁶-Methylguanine(0⁸-MeG), incorporation of¹⁴C into de novo synthesis of nucleobases could be observed in enzymatic DNA hydrolysates by HPLC and determination of the radioactivity in the fractions. The formation of DNA add,ue,ts in the studied organs was only quantitatively different. The formation of O⁶-MeG was further pioved by analysing the acidic hydrolysates using HPLC with non-radioactive O⁶MeG as internal standard. 7-MeG and 3-MeA were identified with GC/MS analysis.     

HPLC法测定香兰素衍生物片中香兰素衍生物含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定香兰素衍生物片中香兰素衍生物的含量。方法采用Agilent Zorbax C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.002%醋酸（40：60）,检测波长为306 nm。结果香兰素衍生物浓度在0.02～0.14 mg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 6（n=7）,平均回收率为99.0%,RSD为0.49%（n=9）。结论本方法分离度好,结果准确,重现性好,可作为香兰素衍生物片中香兰素衍生物的含量测定方法。     

不同小鼠品系囊胚受体对C57BL/6胚胎干细胞种系嵌合效率的影响

目的 为了考察不同品系的小鼠囊胚对C57BL/6胚胎干细胞种系嵌合效率的影响，进而提高通过在C57BL/6胚胎干细胞中同源重组制作基因打靶小鼠的效率。 方法 本研究除了选取近交系B6(Cg)-Tyrc-2J和BALB/c品系，还选了封闭群ICR作为囊胚供体鼠，通过在TLX3、Ai3K和SL三个不同基因修饰ES细胞的种系嵌合实验中，平行比较三者的囊胚利用率、嵌合鼠获得效率以及种系遗传效率等三个方面，并进一步针对囊胚来源这一因素对效率的影响进行统计学分析。 结果 本研究中三种ES细胞均未能通过B6(Cg)-Tyrc-2J品系囊胚的注射获得种系遗传。而BALB/c品系与ICR品系相比，囊胚利用率明显低于ICR品系（P< 0.05）；嵌合鼠获得效率方面，BALB/c与ICR相当（P= 0.115）；而种系遗传效率方面，BALB/c品系显著高于其他品系（P< 0.01）。 结论 BALB/c品系在C57BL/6胚胎干细胞种系嵌合效率方面确实具有优势，然而，由于BALB/c囊胚较难获得，并且存在发育延迟和透明带脆性高等问题，而ICR品系在囊胚获得和利用方面的效率明显高于BABL/c，并且也可以支持C57BL/6胚胎干细胞的种系遗传，因此也是C57BL/6胚胎干细胞囊胚注射中较好的选择。     

Complicated left-sided native valve endocarditis in adults: risk classification for mortality

CONTEXT: Complicated left-sided native valve endocarditis causes significant morbidity and mortality in adults. Lack of valid data regarding estimation of prognosis makes management of this condition difficult. OBJECTIVE: To derive and externally validate a prognostic classification system for adults with complicated left-sided native valve endocarditis.Design, Setting, and PATIENTS: Retrospective observational cohort study conducted from January 1990 to January 2000 at 7 Connecticut hospitals among 513 patients older than 16 years who experienced complicated left-sided native valve endocarditis and who were divided into derivation (n = 259) and validation (n = 254) cohorts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: All-cause mortality at 6 months after baseline. RESULTS: In the derivation and validation cohorts, the 6-month mortality rates were 25% and 26%, respectively. Five baseline features were independently associated with 6-month mortality (comorbidity [P =.03], abnormal mental status [P =.02], moderate to severe congestive heart failure [P =.01], bacterial etiology other than viridans streptococci [P<.001 except Staphylococcus aureus, P =.004], and medical therapy without valve surgery [P =.002]) and were used to create a prognostic classification system. In the derivation cohort, patients were classified into 4 groups with increasing risk for 6-month mortality: 5%, 15%, 31%, and 59% (P<.001). In the validation cohort, a similar risk among the 4 groups was observed: 7%, 19%, 32%, and 69% (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Adults with complicated left-sided native valve endocarditis can be accurately risk stratified using baseline features into 4 groups of prognostic severity. This prognostic classification system might be useful for facilitating management decisions.     

Helicobacter pylori infection as a cause of gastritis, duodenal ulcer, gastric cancer and nonulcer dyspepsia: a systematic overview.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a predictive index for length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) following cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of a cohort of 1404 patients divided into a derivation set of 713 patients and a validation set of 691 patients. SETTING: St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, a tertiary care cardiovascular centre. PATIENTS: A consecutive sample of all patients undergoing cardiac surgery between Jan. 1 and Dec. 31, 1990 (derivation set), and Jan. 1 and Dec. 31, 1991 (validation set). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: A long ICU stay (more than 2 days). Other outcomes analysed were ICU stays over 4, 7 and 10 days, and death. RESULTS: In the derivation set increasing age, female sex, left ventricular function, type of surgery, and urgency of surgery were found to be independent risk factors for a long ICU stay in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. A predictive index was created by assigning risk scores based on the odds ratios of the significant variables in the logistic regression analysis. The predictive index was found to predict lengths of ICU stay greater than 2, 4, 7 and 10 days, and patient death in the validation set. CONCLUSIONS: Length of ICU stay and death following cardiac surgery can be predicted with a multivariate predictive index. The index has potential application as a means of stratifying cardiac surgical risk as well as in optimizing ICU resource planning when resources are limited.     

人胚胎干细胞建系及其研究进展

人胚胎干细胞(human embryonic stem cell,hES)在再生医学、药物筛选和发育生物学等领域具有重要的研究和应用价值。hES细胞系通常生长在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞上,动物源性病原生物的污染风险限制了这类hES的临床应用,因此寻找无血清、无饲养层细胞的成分明确的培养体系进行hES细胞建系及培养,生产细胞移植临床安全应用标准的hES是近年hES建系的努力方向。     

Increased expression of 70 kD heat shock protein in cultured primary human keratinocytes induced by human papillomavirus 16 E6/E7 gene

Background Heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） is expressed highly in epithelial tumours associated closely with human papillomavirus 16 （HPV16） infections. However, evidence about the direct relationship between HSP70 expression and HPVs infections are still lacking. In the present study, we examined the expression of HSP70 in keratinocytes introduced with HPV16 E6/E7 oncogenes. Methods Stable transfected cells were established by transfection of the plasmids pLXSN16E6/E7 into cultured primary keratinocytes and subsequently selected by plasmid specific selection antibiotic （G418） at the required concentration. The expression of HSP70 in pLXSN16E6/E7 transfected keratinocytes was determined by Western blot. The correlation of HSP70 expression and E6/E7 transfeetion was further confirmed by doubly labelled immunofluorescent staining. Results Compared to non-transfected keratinocytes, there was a significant trend for higher levels of HSP70 in pLXSN16E6/E7 transfected keratinocytes. Doubly labelled immunofluorescent staining experiment showed that the co-localization of HPV16 E6/E7 and HSP70 in transfeeted keratinoeytes was observed and increased expression of HSP70 was strongly associated with the transfection of HPV16 E6/E7. Conclusions Our studies demonstrated increased levels of HSP70 proteins in keratinocytes stably transfected by HPV16 E6/E7 oncogenes. It suggests that the expression of HSP70 is modulated by HPV16 E6/E7 proteins, which may be involved in HPV16 E6/E7 induced immortalization.     

甲型H1N1流感病毒在季流病毒、禽流感病毒共感染时变异可能性的验证

目的 甲型H1N1流感病毒A/California/7/2009分别与A/Brisbane/10/07和A/ShenZhen/406H/06共感染小型香猪,预测甲流病毒在与季流H3N2病毒/甲流病毒与禽流感病毒共感染时是否会发生变异.方法 分别将A/California/7/2009(CA7)与A/Brisbane/10/07(H3N2),A/California/7/2009与A/Shenzhen/406H/06(H5N1)对5～6月龄小型猪共感染,小型猪经复方氯胺酮0.1 mL/kg麻醉后进行滴鼻感染,感染后第5天安乐死动物,取动物肺组织作病毒测序分析.结果 A/California/7/2009(CA7)与A/Brisbane/10/07(H3N2)共感染后,A/California/7/2009病毒PB1基因993位G→A突变,PA基因1659位G→A突变,没有氨基酸的变异.A/California/7/2009与A/Shenzhen/406H/06(H5N1)共感染后A/California/7/2009病毒PB2基因1711位T→C突变.碱基的突变未引起氨基酸的变异.结论 A/California/7/2009(CA7)与A/Brisbane/10/07(H3N2),A/California/7/2009与A/Shenzhen/406H/06(H5N1)共感染后在猪的体内没有发生病毒重组、变异.