酮咯酸氨丁三醇用于烧伤患者术后镇痛效果观察

目的观察酮咯酸氨丁三醇用于烧伤患者术后镇痛的效果。方法将60例中重度烧伤患者随机分为两组,均行切痂植皮术。于手术结束呼之能睁眼时,T组静注酮咯酸氨丁三醇负荷量30 mg,术后48 h持续输注180mg;F组给芬太尼负荷量0.1 mg,术后48 h持续输注1.0 mg。采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）评价镇痛效果,记录PC IA有效按压次数和不良反应总例数,监测凝血功能变化。结果 T组VAS为（2.7±0.5）分,PC IA有效按压（12±4）次,镇痛优良率为90%,发生不良反应6例;F组分别为（2.4±0.4）分、（10±3）次、92%、12例。两组比较,T组不良反应总例数明显少于F组（P〈0.05）。两组凝血功能指标无显著性差异。结论酮咯酸氨丁三醇用于烧伤术后镇痛效果较好,不良反应少,且对患者凝血功能无明显影响。     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇用于眼科术后镇痛50例疗效观察

100例眼科手术后患者随机分为酮咯酸氨丁三醇(Keto)组和芬太尼(Fen)组,各50例.分别使用酮咯酸氨丁三醇或芬太尼进行患者自控静脉镇痛(PCA).记录术后0、4、8、12、24、48 h各时间点的疼痛评分、镇静评分、PCA次数、并发症.结果 术后4、8、12、24 h Keto组VAS评分明显低于Fen组(p＜0.05),;Keto组各时间点镇静评分均明显高于Fen组(P＜0.05);Keto组PCA按压次数显著低于Fen组(p＜0.05).认为酮咯酸氨丁三醇用于眼科手术后镇痛安全有效,且镇静效果优于芬太尼.     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇对老年患者术后早期认知功能的影响

目的探讨酮咯酸氨丁三醇对老年患者术后早期认知功能的影响。方法择期行全髋关节置换术老年患者40例,采用随机数字表法,根据术后患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)药物的不同将患者分为酮咯酸氨丁三醇组(K组,n=20)和对照组(C组,n=20)。K组术前30 min酮咯酸氨丁三醇15 mg静脉注射,术后采用酮咯酸氨丁三醇90 mg+舒芬太尼2μg/kg行PCIA;C组术前等量生理盐水对照,术后镇痛采用舒芬太尼2μg/kg。分别于术前1 d(T0)、术后1 d(T1)、3 d(T2)、5 d(T3),采静脉血测定血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α的浓度;于术前1 d、术后7 d采用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)对患者进行认知功能测试。结果两组术后镇痛效果良好,各时点视觉模拟评分(VAS)无统计学意义(P<0.05),CRP、IL-6在T1~T3时间点较T0点明显增高(P<0.05),C组较K组增高明显(P<0.05);两组TNF-α在T1、T2时间点较T0时间点明显增高(P<0.05),C组较K组增高明显(P<0.05),T3时点两组均回落至T0时点水平;两组术后认知功能障碍(POCD)发生率无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后K组MMSE评分明显高于C组(P<0.05)。结论酮咯酸氨丁三醇可抑制术后CRP、IL-6、TNF-α的释放,改善老年患者术后早期认知功能。     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛对老年人腹腔镜下胆囊切除术后早期认知功能的影响

术后认知功能障碍(POCD)是老年术后常见问题,严重影响患者术后恢复,增加术后并发症的发生率,增加患者及家属的经济负担[1].近年来麻醉药物的使用以及术后疼痛是否对老年术后认知功能存在影响,引起广泛关注[2].酮咯酸氨丁三醇是第一个非类固醇抗炎药,具有解热、抗炎和高度镇痛作用.酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛对老年术后认知功能是否有影响未见报道.本研究观察术前应用酮咯酸氨丁三醇行超前镇痛对老年患者腹腔镜下胆囊切除术后早期认知功能的影响.     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇联合舒芬太尼用于腹部手术患者术后静脉自控镇痛的效果观察

目的探讨酮咯酸氨丁三醇（KT）联合舒芬太尼用于腹部手术患者术后静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）的效果。方法将90例行腹部手术的患者随机分为A、B、C组各30例,术毕均接一次性自动控制镇痛泵行PCIA。A、B、C组镇痛液分别为KT、舒芬太尼、KT联合舒芬太尼。PCIA后3、6、12、24、48 h观察各组镇痛效果及自动控制镇痛给药次数,记录药物不良反应;同时行VAS评分,统计镇痛满意度。结果与A、B组比较,C组各时点VAS评分及药物不良反应发生率降低,镇痛满意度高（P〈0.05或〈0.01）。结论 KT联合舒芬太尼用于腹部手术患者术后PCIA能明显提高镇痛效果,减少不良反应。     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前应用对小儿断指再植术后镇痛效果的影响

目的观察酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前应用对小儿断指再植术后镇痛效果的影响。方法选择行断指再植的患儿30例,随机分为两组各15例。观察组麻醉诱导前给予酮咯酸氨丁三醇0.5 mg/kg,对照组麻醉诱导前不给予任何镇痛药物。术中采用气管插管静吸复合全身麻醉。观察术后30 min、1、2、4、6 h的疼痛评分和术后5、10、20、30 min及1 h的镇静评分,并记录不良反应发生情况。结果观察组术后6 h内各时点疼痛评分均低于对照组(P均<0.01);两组术后1 h内各时点镇静评分比较均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。结论小儿断指再植术超前镇痛模式应用酮咯酸氨丁三醇可以获得安全、有效的镇痛效果。     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇预防性镇痛对老年结肠癌根治术患者镇痛效果和免疫功能的影响

目的 分析酮咯酸氨丁三醇预防性镇痛应用于老年结肠癌根治术患者的镇痛效果及对免疫功能的影响.方法 选取2016年5月-2019年4月无锡第二医院收治的80例老年结肠癌患者,将所有患者依据随机数字表法分为观察组(n=40)及对照组(n=40).观察组使用酮咯酸氨丁三醇预防性镇痛后行常规结肠癌根治术,对照组使用等量的生理盐水...     

异丙酚联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇应用于无痛人流手术的临床观察

2010年3月-2010年9月,我院采用异丙酚联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇麻醉行无痛人流手术,镇痛效果及患者临床表现均良好。现报告如下。     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛用于皮肤扩张器植入术的疗效观察

皮肤软组织扩张器植入手术是整形科的常规手术，由于手术短小、麻醉单一，术后镇痛往往被麻醉医师忽视，给患者造成身心痛苦。我院2010年8～12月对皮肤扩张器植入术患者使用酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛法。现报告如下。     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇预防小儿全麻苏醒期躁动的临床观察

苏醒期躁动是小儿全麻常见的不良反应,其直接影响患儿的术后恢复过程.疼痛是引起躁动的主要原因[1].酮咯酸氨丁三醇属于非甾体类抗炎镇痛药物（NSAIDs）,近年来,我们对其预防小儿苏醒期躁动的效果和安全性进行了临床观察.现报告如下. 临床资料：选择2013年2～4月在我院择期行眼科整形手术患儿40例,男25例、女15例,年龄（5.6±2.5）岁,体质量（22.7 ±6.7）kg,ASA分级Ⅰ级.排除有精神病史、NSAIDs过敏史、心脏疾患及肝肾功能障碍者.将患儿随机分为观察组、对照组各20例,两组临床资料有可比性.     

Mirogabalin treatment of postoperative neuropathic pain after thoracic surgery: study protocol for a multicenter,randomized, open-label,parallel-group,interventional trial

BackgroundIntercostal nerve damage due to thoracotomy or thoracoscopic manipulation is a major contributor to chronic postsurgical pain after pulmonary resection. Chronic postsurgical pain may last for months or years and can negatively impair physical functioning and daily activities. Global consensus on severe postoperative pain management is lacking, and chronic pain incidence after thoracic surgery remains high. Many patients report neuropathic pain, which can be difficult to treat with currently available therapies. The efficacy and safety of mirogabalin have been demonstrated for other types of neuropathic pain; thus, this study was planned to investigate the efficacy and safety of mirogabalin to treat neuropathic pain after thoracic surgery.MethodsIn this multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, interventional study, patients who are diagnosed with neuropathic pain following removal of a chest drain after lung resection will receive conventional therapy (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or acetaminophen) with or without the addition of a clinical dose of mirogabalin for 8 weeks. For patient stratification, a visual analog scale pain intensity score at baseline of <60 vs. ≥60 mm will be used. Treatment efficacy and safety with and without the addition of mirogabalin will be assessed using a questionnaire evaluating postoperative changes in pain severity and activity. The primary study endpoint is the change in pain intensity from baseline to Week 8, measured by the visual analog scale. Additionally, the presence of chronic pain at 12 weeks after enrollment in each treatment group will be recorded.DiscussionThis protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Clinical Research Review Board of Nagasaki University. Study data will be published in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials database and peer-reviewed journals. Mirogabalin is already approved for the treatment of other types of neuropathic pain. It is anticipated that this study will provide data to elucidate the impact of mirogabalin treatment, in combination with conventional therapy, to benefit patients with neuropathic pain following thoracic surgery.Trial RegistrationJapan Registry of Clinical Trials Identifier: jRCTs071200053.     

全胸腔镜与开胸肺叶切除术对比观察

目的对比观察全胸腔镜肺叶切除术与开胸肺叶切除术的安全性及术后患者生活质量。方法行全胸腔镜肺叶切除术者30例(VATS组),同期行开胸肺叶切除术者30例(开胸组),比较两组手术期、围术期相关指标及术后随访结果。结果两组患者均顺利完成手术,无术中及围手术期死亡。两组手术时间、肺癌患者淋巴结清扫站数、清扫淋巴结数量及住院总费用相近;术中出血量、术后胸液量、胸管保留时间、住院时间和术后患者的生活质量,VATS组优于开胸组,两组相比,P均<0.05。结论全胸腔镜肺叶切除术安全性、手术效果均不逊于开胸手术,且全胸腔镜手术患者围术期痛苦少、恢复快,术后生活质量较高。     

Implementation of an enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery care pathway for thoracotomy patients—achieving better pain control with less (schedule II) opioid utilization

BackgroundEnhanced recovery after surgery protocols incorporate evidence-based practices of pre-, intra- and post-operative care to achieve the most optimal surgical outcome, safe on-time discharge, and surgical cost efficiency. Such protocols have been adapted for specialty-specific needs and are implemented by a variety of surgical disciplines including general thoracic surgery. This study aims to evaluate the impact of our enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery (ERATS) protocol on postoperative outcomes, pain, and opioid utilization following thoracotomy.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing elective resection of intrathoracic neoplasms via posterolateral thoracotomy between 1/1/2016 and 3/1/2020. Our enhanced recovery protocol, with a focus on multimodal pain management (opioid-sparing analgesics, infiltration of local anesthetics into intercostal spaces and surgical wounds, and elimination of thoracic epidural analgesia) was initiated on 2/1/2018. Demographics, clinicopathology data, subjective pain levels, peri-operative outcomes, in-hospital and post-discharge opioid utilization were obtained from the electronic medical record.ResultsA total of 98 patients (43 pre- and 55 post-protocol implementation) were included in this study. There was no difference in perioperative outcomes or percentage of opioid utilization between the two cohorts. The enhanced recovery group had significantly less acute pain. A significant reduction of in-hospital potent schedule II opioid use was noted following ERATS implementation [average MME: 10.5 (3.5–16.5) (ERATS) vs. 19.5 (12.6–36.0) (pre-ERATS), P<0.0001]. More importantly, a drastic reduction of total and schedule II opioids dispensed at discharge was noted in the ERATS group [total MME: 150 (100.0–330.0) vs. 800.0 (450.0–975.0), P<0.0001 and schedule II MME: 90.0 (0–242.2) vs. 800.0 (450.0–975.0), P<0.0001; ERATS vs. pre-ERATS respectively]. A shorter hospital stay (median difference of 1 day, P=0.0012 and a mean difference of 2.4 days, P=0.0054) was observed in the enhanced recovery group.ConclusionsImplementation of an enhanced recovery protocol for thoracotomy patients is safe and associated with elimination of thoracic epidural analgesia, decreased postoperative pain, shorter hospitalization, drastic reduction of post-discharge opioid dispensed and decreased dependence on addiction-prone schedule II narcotics.     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察简

目的 探讨电视胸腔镜辅助小切口手术治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效及临床分析.方法 2006年11月至2012年11月期间,我院诊治的60例非小细胞肺癌患者,随机将其分为对照组（传统手术）和观察组（电视胸腔镜辅助小切口手术）,对两组术中、术后情况,以及术后第1、5天血清C-反应蛋白水平,进行观察和比较.结果 与对照组相比,观察组术中出血量明显减少,引流时间、术后疼痛时间、术后住院时间均明显缩短,P〈0.05,而淋巴结清扫数目没有明显差异,P〉0.05;与对照组相比,术后血清C-反应蛋白水平显著降低,P〈0.05.结论对于非小细胞肺癌患者,电视胸腔镜辅助小切口手术治疗的疗效显著,显著改善患者的预后质量,值得临床推广.     

Results of decompression surgery for pain in chronic pancreatitis

Introduction. A vast majority of patients with chronic pancreatitis require regular opiate/opioid analgesia and recurrent hospital admission for pain. However, the role and timing of operative strategies for pain in chronic pancreatitis is controversial. This study hypothesized that pancreatic decompression surgery reduces analgesia requirement and hospital readmission for pain in selected patients. Patients and methods. This was a retrospective review of patients undergoing longitudinal pancreatico-jejunostomy (LPJ), with or without coring of the pancreatic head (Frey''s procedure), between 1995 and 2007 in a single UK centre. Surgery was performed for chronic pain with clinical/radiological evidence of chronic pancreatitis amenable to decompression/head coring. Results. Fifty patients were identified. Thirty-six were male with a median age of 46 years and median follow-up of 30 months. Twenty-eight underwent LPJ and 22underwent Frey''s procedure. No significant difference in reduction of analgesia requirement (71% vs 64%, p=0.761) or hospital readmission for pain (21% vs 23%, p=1.000) was observed when comparing LPJ and Frey''s procedure. Patients were significantly more likely to be pain-free following surgery if they required non-opiate rather than opiate analgesia preoperatively (75% vs 19%, p=0.0002). Fewer patients required subsequent hospital readmission for pain if taking non-opiate rather than opiate analgesia preoperatively (12.5% vs 31%, p=0.175). Conclusions. In selected patients, LPJ and Frey''s procedure have equivalent benefit in short-term pain reduction. Patients should be selected for surgery before the commencement of opiate analgesia.     

Comparative study of video-assisted thoracic surgery versus open thymectomy for thymoma in one single center

Background

Due to the popularity of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) techniques in clinical, thymoma patients via VATS thymectomy are increasing rapidly. However, compared with open thymectomy, the potential superiorities and defects of VATS thymectomy remain controversial.

Methods

A number of 129 patients who underwent thymectomy of early stage thymoma (Masaoka stage I and stage II) in one single center from January 2007 to September 2013 were selected in this retrospective study. Of those patients, 38 thymoma patients underwent VATS thymectomy (VATS group) and 91 underwent open thymectomy (open group) via either transsternal [44] or transthoracic approach [47] in the same period. The postoperative variables, which included postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS), the intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, the entire resection ratio, the number of thoracic drainage tubes, the quantity of output and duration of drainage, were analyzed. Meanwhile, the operation time and blood loss were considered as intraoperative variables.

Results

All thymoma patients in the analysis included 19 thymoma patients with myasthenia gravis, among which five patients via VATS thymectomy and 14 patients via open thymectomy respectively. There was no death or morbidity due to the surgical procedures perioperatively. The ICU LOS, operation time, entire resection ratio, and the number of chest tubes were not significantly different in two groups. The postoperative hospital LOS of VATS thymectomy was shorter than that of open thymectomy (5.26 versus 8.32 days, P<0.001). The blood loss of VATS thymectomy was less than open thymectomy (114.74 versus 194.51 mL, P=0.002). Postoperatively, the quantity of chest tubes output in VATS group was less than that in open thymectomy group (617.86 versus 850.08 mL, P=0.007) and duration of drainage in VATS group was shorter than that in open thymectomy group (3.87 versus 5.22 days, P<0.001).

Conclusions

VATS thymectomy is a safe and practicable treatment for early-stage thymoma patients. Thymoma according with Masaoka staging I-II without evident invading seems to be performed through VATS approach appropriately, which has shorter postoperative hospital LOS, less blood loss and less restrictions to activities, hence patients will recover sooner.     

Regional anesthesia for thoracic surgery: a narrative review of indications and clinical considerations

Background and ObjectiveSurgical procedures involving incisions of the chest wall regularly pose challenges for intra- and postoperative analgesia. For many decades, opioids have been widely administered to target both, acute and subsequent chronic incisional pain. Opioids are potent and highly addictive drugs that can provide sufficient pain relief, but simultaneously cause unwanted effects ranging from nausea, vomiting and constipation to respiratory depression, sedation and even death. Multimodal analgesia consists of the administration of two or more medications or analgesia techniques that act by different mechanisms for providing analgesia. Thus, multimodal analgesia aims to improve pain relief while reducing opioid requirements and opioid-related side effects. Regional anesthesia techniques are an important component of this approach.MethodsFor this narrative review, authors summarized currently used regional anesthesia techniques and performed an extensive literature search to summarize specific current evidence. For this, related articles from January 1985 to March 2022 were taken from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Terms such as “pectoral nerve blocks”, “serratus plane block”, “erector spinae plane block” belonging to blocks used in thoracic surgery were searched in different combinations.Key Content and FindingsPotential advantages of regional anesthesia as part of multimodal analgesia regiments are reduced surgical stress response, improved analgesia, reduced opioid consumption, reduced risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and early mobilization. Potential disadvantages include the possibility of bleeding related to regional anesthesia procedure (particularly epidural hematoma), dural puncture with subsequent dural headache, systemic hypotension, urine retention, allergic reactions, local anesthetic toxicity, injuries to organs including pneumothorax, and a relatively high failure especially with continuous techniques.ConclusionsThis narrative review summarizes regional anesthetic techniques, specific indications, and clinical considerations for patients undergoing thoracic surgery, with evidence from studies performed. However, there is a need for more studies comparing new block methods with standard methods so that clinical applications can increase patient satisfaction.     

Intercostal nerve blockade with liposomal bupivacaine reduces length of stay after video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy

BackgroundIntercostal nerve blockade (INB) for thoracic surgery analgesia has gained popularity in practice, but evidence demonstrating its efficacy remains sparse and inconsistent. We investigated the effect of INB with standard bupivacaine (SB) with epinephrine versus liposomal bupivacaine (LB) versus a mixed solution of the two on postoperative pain control and outcomes in video assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy patients.MethodsSince 2014, our practice has shifted from using INBs with SB with epinephrine, to LB, to a mix of the two as the central component of multimodal analgesia after video assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The blocks are performed in a standardized fashion under thoracoscopic visualization consecutively from two rib spaces above to two below the outermost incisions. We retrospectively compared all minimally invasive lobectomies performed at our institution between January 2014 and July 2018 by type of local anesthetic used for INB. We examined median length of stay (LOS), opioid utilization, and subjective pain scores [0–10].ResultsOut of 302 minimally invasive lobectomy patients, 34 received SB with epinephrine, 222 received LB alone, and 46 received the mixed solution. LOS was almost a full day shorter in the LB group than in the SB group (34.8 vs. 56.5 hours, P=0.01). There was nearly 25% lower median total morphine equivalent utilization in the mixed solution cohort compared to the LB cohort (−7.1 mg, P=0.02). Additionally, IV morphine equivalent utilization was over 50% lower in the mixed solution group than in the SB with epinephrine group (−10.0 mg, P=0.03).ConclusionsOur study is by far the largest (N=302) to compare types of local anesthetic used for INB within a uniform case population. The reductions in LOS and opiate utilization observed in our study among patients receiving LB-based formulations were both statistically and clinically significant.     

Moving beyond the boundary: the emerging role of video-assisted thoracic surgery for bronchoplastic resections

Sleeve resections with parenchymal sparing should be attempted whenever possible when operating a central lung cancer rather than performing a pneumonectomy. Long-term results conclusively favored sleeve procedures in improved survival, quality of life, reduced loss in lung function, and improved operative mortality. Therefore, all surgeons should own this technique in their surgical armamentarium. In the last two decades, the minimally invasive surgical approach has slowly gained positions in Thoracic Surgery and now more and more patients ask for a minimally invasive procedure when surgery is required. This technical revolution in thoracic surgery advocates that almost every open procedure could be done in video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Nevertheless, like all other minimally invasive procedures, VATS sleeve lobectomy has a long learning curve. With the skills and the experience derived from major VATS procedures, these demanding surgical operations may also be performed with a minimally invasive approach.