Aqueous Fibronectin Correlates With Severity of Macular Edema and Visual Acuity in Patients With Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Proteome Study

PurposeLarge-scale protein analysis may bring important insights into molecular changes following branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Using proteomic techniques this study compared aqueous humor samples from patients with BRVO to age-matched controls.MethodsAqueous humor samples from treatment naive patients with BRVO complicated by macular edema (n = 19) and age-matched controls (n = 18) were analyzed with label-free quantification nano liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LFQ nLC-MS/MS). The severity of macular edema was measured as central retinal thickness (CRT) with optical coherence tomography. Control samples were obtained prior to cataract surgery. Proteins were filtered by requiring quantification in at least 50% of the samples in each group without imputation of missing values. Significantly changed proteins were identified with a permutation-based calculation with a false discovery rate at 0.05.ResultsIn BRVO, 52 proteins were differentially expressed. Regulated proteins were involved in cell adhesion, coagulation, and acute-phase response. Apolipoprotein C-III, complement C3, complement C5, complement factor H, fibronectin, and fibrinogen chains were increased in BRVO and correlated with CRT. Fibronectin also correlated with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 (CD14) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) were upregulated in BRVO. Contactin-1 and alpha-enolase were downregulated in BRVO and correlated negatively with CRT.ConclusionsMultiple proteins, including complement factors, fibrinogen chains, and apolipoprotein C-III, correlated with CRT, indicating a multifactorial response. Fibronectin correlated with BCVA, CRT, and VEGF. Fibronectin may reflect the severity of BRVO. The proinflammatory proteins CD14 and LBP were upregulated in BRVO.     

单次玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合激光治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿

目的：观察单次玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合激光光凝治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的临床疗效。方法：回顾性系列病例研究。选择2014 年6月至2016 年12 月在台州市眼科医院经荧光素眼底血管造影确诊的视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的患者52例（52眼）,根据是否联合雷珠单抗治疗分为单纯激光组和联合治疗组,联合治疗组又根据接受雷珠单抗及激光治疗的先后顺序分为先激光组和后激光组。分别测量并记录患者治疗前,治疗后1、6 个月最佳矫正视力（BCVA）及黄斑中心凹厚度（CMT）。采用重复测量方差分析、单因素方差分析和配对t检验对数据进行统计学分析。结果：治疗前,治疗后1、6个月3组间BCVA总体差异有统计学意义（F=18.28,P=0.011）。治疗后1、6个月同一时间点3 组间BCVA比较,单纯激光组分别低于先激光组和后激光组（P < 0.01）。3 组治疗后6 个月BCVA较治疗前均有所提高,差异均有统计学意义（t=8.49、14.57、20.12,P < 0.01）。治疗前,治疗后1、6 个月3 组间CMT值总体差异有统计学意义（F=5.72,P=0.025）。治疗后1、6 个月同一时间点3 组间CMT值比较,单纯激光组分别大于先激光组和后激光组（P < 0.01）。3 组治疗后1、6 个月较治疗前CMT值均有所下降,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。结论：单次玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合视网膜激光光凝治疗可有效减轻视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿,提高患者的视力,其作用较单纯激光光凝治疗更加明显。     

Vitreous Changes in Retinal Branch Vein Occlusion

The vitreous was studied in 50 eyes with retinal branch vein occlusion (RBVO) and compared to an age-matched control group. The incidence of partial vitreous detachment was significantly higher (22%) in the RBVO group than in the control group (2.2%) (P < 0.01). The incidence of preretinal neovascularization in the RBVO group was 22%. No new vessels formed in eyes with complete posterior vitreous detachment (P < 0.05). The risk of vitreous hemorrhage was greatest in patients with partial vitreous detachment (64%). There was no significant correlation between the status of the vitreoretinal relationship and the development of macular edema, which occurred in 56% of the patients. In two patients, intermittent vitreous traction on the fovea may have influenced the evolution of chronic macular edema and lamellar hole formation.Vascular occlusive disease of the retina produces significant changes in the overlying vitreous. These vitreous changes in turn influence the development of complications following retinal vascular occlusions.     

Comparison of Each Retinal Layer Thicknesses between Eyes with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion and Normal Contralateral Eyes

PurposeTo evaluate the difference in each retinal layer thickness in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) with resolved macular edema after intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injection and normal contralateral eyes..MethodsPatients with ischemic and nonischemic CRVO whose macular edema resolved after intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections and did not recur for at least 6 months, and a normal contralateral eye were enrolled. Each retinal layer thickness between CRVO and normal contralateral eyes was compared according to Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study subfields using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.ResultsThe thicknesses of outer nuclear layer, photoreceptor layer, and retinal pigment epithelium in central ring, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, and photoreceptor layer in the inner ring, and ganglion cell layer in the outer ring of CRVO eyes were significantly thinner than those of normal contralateral eyes (all p < 0.05). Whereas, inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer thicknesses in central ring of CRVO eyes were 23.86 ± 8.8 and 25.76 ± 7.6 μm, respectively, which was significantly thicker than those of normal contralateral eyes (19.52 ± 7.7 and 22.76 ± 6.5 μm; p = 0.019 and p = 0.043, respectively). Additionally, the mean best-corrected visual acuity of CRVO eyes were significantly correlated with photoreceptor layer thickness in central ring (p = 0.005).ConclusionsIn CRVO eyes with resolved macular edema, the outer retinal layers were thinner as well as inner retinal layers, whereas inner plexiform layer and outer nuclear layer were thicker than normal fellow eyes. Additionally, photoreceptor layer thickness in foveal area had a significant impact on visual acuity in CRVO.     

Electro-oculogram of Retinal Vein Occlusion

Twenty five cases, including 26 eyes with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) were examined by means of the electro-oculogram. The results showed that 23 of the 26 eyes suffering from RVO exhibited abnormalities of the electro-oculogram (EOG). The potential difference and Arden ratio in the RVO eyes were lower than those in the normal eyes (P<0.01). The more the visual acuity of ill eyes was decreased, the higher the abnormal rate of EOG in ill eyes was. 14 eyes had the visual acuity less than 0.1, whose EOGs were abnortmal. Six eyes had the visual acuity from 0. 2 to 0. 4, in which the EOGs of 5 eyes were abnormal. Six eyes had the visual acuity more than 0. 5, a-mong which the EOGs of 4 eyes were abnormal. Based on the above observations, it may be considered that the circulatory disturbance resulting from RVO damages not only the internal layer but also the external layer of the retina. We suggest that EOG is a useful method for distingquishing lesions caused by RVO and may reflect the functional condition     

视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的抗VEGF药物治疗进展

视网膜静脉阻塞是一种常见的眼科疾病,黄斑水肿是其重要临床表现,对视力有重要损害。血管内皮生长因子（ｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＶＥＧＦ）在视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿形成中可能具有重要作用,因此,抗ＶＥＧＦ药物的应用,提供了新的治疗手段,雷珠单抗、贝伐单抗、阿柏西普、康柏西普是临床上用于玻璃体内注射的主要抗ＶＥＧＦ药物,本文就各种抗ＶＥＧＦ药物的临床疗效作一综述。     

Different Dosages of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injections for Macular Edema Secondary to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Purpose:.To study the effect of intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for the treatment of macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion.(CRVO).in a sample of Chinese patients from Shaanxi province. Methods:.The 50 eyes from 50 patients were separated into three TA treatment groups:.17 patients were given 4 mg/0.1 ml,.19 patients were given 8 mg/0.2 ml,.and 14 patients were given 16 mg/0.4 ml. Patients were followed up for 12 months. Foveal thickness, intraocular pressure (IOP), and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured. Results:.Macular edema responded well both anatomically and functionally to the TA injections. After the initial intravitreal injection,.macular edema recurred at 2-4 months in the low-dose group.(4 mg),.at 3-5 months in the medium-dose group (8 mg), and at 6-9 months in the high-dose group (16 mg)..No significant difference in BCVA or in foveal thickness were observed between the first intravitreal injection and the re-injection. There was no increase in IOP after re-injection of 16 mg TA,.if the patient did not have an elevated IOP after the initial intravitreal injection of 4/8 mg TA. Conclusion: A low dosage of TA (4 mg) administered via intravitreal injection might be useful as an initial treatment for macular edema secondary to CRVO..A higher dosage of TA (16mg) can be used if there is no IOP elevation with the initial TA injection.     

Characteristics of the Hemispheric Retinal Vein Occlusion

Hemispheric retinal vein occlusions involve the venous return from approximately one-half of the retina and have characteristics of both central retinal vein occlusions and branch retinal vein occlusions. One hundred six such occlusions were studied in 104 patients whose average age was 66 years. The site of the hemispheric vein occlusion was located in a branch retinal vein in 90% of the eyes, and in 10% of the eyes it was located in one of the dual intraneural trunks of the central retinal vein. Of these eyes, 11 developed neovascularization of the disc, 9% developed neovascularization of the retina elsewhere, 9% developed neovascularization of the iris, and 3% developed neovascular glaucoma. Neovascularization was positively correlated with an increasing percentage of capillary nonperfusion (ischemic index) within the area of occlusion. Prophylactic argon laser treatment was effective in reducing the incidence of neovascularization in eyes with significant capillary nonperfusion.     

Efficacy of an Anti-Semaphorin 3A Neutralizing Antibody in a Male Experimental Retinal Vein Occlusion Mouse Model

PurposeSemaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a promising therapeutic target for macular edema in age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGFs) are the current standard of care for many retinal diseases. This study investigated the Sema3A neutralizing antibody BI-X and/or anti-VEGF therapy (aflibercept) in an RVO mouse model. Treatment efficacy was examined and grouped by timing subsequent to the RVO mouse model induction: efficacy against the onset of intraretinal edema 1 day postinduction and protective effects at 7 days postinduction.MethodsWe examined the changes in expression of Sema3A in the retina of an RVO mouse model. In addition, changes in expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and semaphorin-related proteins (neuropilin-1 and plexin A1) in the retina upon treatment were analyzed by Western blotting. The effects of BI-X and/or aflibercept were evaluated using measures of retinal edema, blood flow, and thinning of the inner nuclear layer.ResultsInduction of vein occlusion in the RVO mouse model significantly increased Sema3A expression in the retina, particularly in the inner nuclear layer. BI-X was effective as a monotherapy and in combination with anti-VEGF therapy, demonstrating a beneficial effect on intraretinal edema and retinal blood flow. Moreover, in the RVO mouse model, BI-X monotherapy normalized the changes in expression of TNF-α and semaphorin-related proteins.ConclusionsThese findings support targeting Sema3A to treat intraretinal edema and retinal ischemia.     

玻璃体腔注射康柏西普联合激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿的长期疗效

目的：观察玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普联合激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞（RVO）继发黄斑水肿（ME）的 长期疗效。方法：前瞻性系列病例研究。纳入2016年1月31日至2017年1月30日期间在解放军第 971医院眼科确诊为RVO继发ME患者81例（81眼）,所有患者随访截止日期为2019年7月31日。本次治疗终点设定为黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度（CMT）稳定后半年未见ME复发。对符合标准的81眼行 玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普联合激光治疗。其中48例（48眼）完成治疗终点。随访时间最长达到30个月。治疗前后比较采用配对样本的t检验,率的比较采用卡方检验。结果：纳入研究的81眼中,视网膜中央静脉阻塞（CRVO）15眼,视网膜分支静脉阻塞（BRVO） 66眼,且患者多合并基础性疾病。48 眼完成治疗终点,于治疗后1周及1、2、3、6、9、12、15、18、21、24、30个月分别进行检查。治疗前最佳矫正视力logMAR为0.3±0.2,玻璃体腔注射康柏西普联合适时激光治疗后显著高于治疗 前;治疗后CMT与治疗前CMT[（607±158）μm]比较差异均有显著统计学意义（均P<0.05）。48眼随 诊时间（15.4±5.3）个月,注药次数（4.4±1.3）次。48眼开始激光治疗距离第1次玻璃体注药时间为 （4.3±3.5）个月。激光光凝开始时间≤3个月组完成治疗的时间为（12.8±1.3）个月,玻璃体腔注药 次数为（4.3±0.8）次;激光光凝开始时间>3个月组完成治疗时间为（18.0±6.6）个月,玻璃体腔注药 次数为（5.4±1.5）次。2组间完成治疗时间比较差异有统计学意义（t=-2.4,P=0.04）;2组玻璃体腔注药次数比较差异有统计学意义（t=-2.3,P=0.04）。结论：玻璃体注射康柏西普联合适时激光在治疗 RVO引起ME方面效果显著,对于需要激光治疗的患者应尽早进行激光治疗,以明显缩短治疗时间和注药次数,保存患者视功能。     

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion and Its Management

The natural course of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion is determined by the site and completeness of the occlusion, the integrity of arterial perfusion to the affected sector and the efficiency of the developing collateral circulation. Most patients with tributary vein occlusion have some capillary fall out and microvascular incompetence in the distribution of the affected retina and vision is significantly compromised in over 50% of patients who have either chronic macular oedema or ischemia involving the perifoveolar arcades. Retinal and capillary vasoproliferation with or without intraretinal or preretinal membrane formation are common sequelae, where inner retinal ischemia is extensive and vitreous hemorrhage is often a distinct threat to vision. Treatment of the sequelae of vein occlusion are largely centered on laser photocoagulation to diseased retina to limit fluid accumulation and abolish preretinal and papillary neovascularization. Vitrectomy and retinal detachment procedures are occasionally required in patients with uncontrolled vitreous hemorrhage and retinal membrane formation which threatens the integrity of the macula. A small proportion of patients with vein occlusion subsequent to vasculitis require medical therapy.     

Radiation Retinopathy Associated with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Purpose: To report a case of radiation retinopathy associated with central retinal vein occlusion. Methods: The clinical features and fundus fluorescein angiography of this case were analyzed. Results: The patient had been treated with radiotherapy for her nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and presented with sudden visual loss in the left eye. The funduscopic examination and fluorescein angiography showed the features of radiation retinopathy in both eyes, and central retinal vein occlusion in the left eye. Conclusions: Radiation retinopathy can be associated with central retinal vein occlusion in the same eye, and it seems that the endothelial cell loss caused by radiation retinopathy may lead to retinal vein occlusion.     

Massive Macular Hard Exudates Associated with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Purpose

To report four cases of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) with the complication of serous retinal detachment (SRD).

Methods

We retrospectively studied four eyes of four patients with macular edema and macular hard exudates associated with midperipheral BRVO. Visual acuity, ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography findings were evaluated. Three of the four eyes underwent laser photocoagulation in the BRVO area 1 month after the initial visit.

Results

Macular edema consisted of SRD without cystoid macular edema in all eyes. Late-phase fluorescein angiography showed extensive dye leakage in the BRVO area. When SRD was resolved 4 months after the initial examination, hard exudates had increased in the macular area. Although macular hard exudates decreased 1 year after the initial examination, visual acuity remained under 20/20 because of macular atrophy.

Conclusions

SRD is one type of macular edema observed in BRVO. In macula-spared midperipheral BRVO, the SRD originates from a vascular leaking area, and there is a high risk that massive macular hard exudates will develop, which may affect visual recovery. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2005;49:527–529© Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2005     

Classification of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Our prospective clinical study of 360 eyes with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and our experimental studies on CRVO in 54 eyes of rhesus monkeys have shown that CRVO consists of the following two distinct entities: (1) Nonischemic CRVO in which there is essentially a stasis of retinal venous circulation; we call it venous stasis retinopathy (VSR). (2) Ischemic CRVO: We call this hemorrhagic retinopathy (HR). Our prospective clinical studies have revealed that it is absolutely essential to differentiate CRVO into VSR and HR because of their very different prognoses and management. VSR is a benign and self-limited condition, while HR is a severe, potentially blinding disorder. Lumping the two types of CRVO together as one disease has caused much confusion concerning the prognosis and management of CRVO. The basis of such a classification and differential diagnosis of VSR and HR is discussed at length.     

Retinal Vein Occlusion in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease Study

Purpose: To describe the prevalence of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and its risk factors in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Methods: This population-based study of 10,033 participants (75.7% response rate) included Chinese, Indian and Malay persons aged 40 years and older. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination, standardized interviews and laboratory blood tests were performed. Digital fundus photographs were assessed for presence of RVO following the definitions used in the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Regression analysis models were constructed to study the relationship between ocular and systemic factors and RVO. Age-specific prevalence rates of RVO were applied to project the number of people affected in Asia from 2013 to 2040.

Results: The overall crude prevalence of RVO was 0.72% (n = 71; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.54–0.87%). The crude prevalence of RVO was similar in Chinese, Indian and Malay participants (p = 0.865). In multivariable regression models, significant risk factors of RVO included increased age (odds ratio, OR, 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06), hypertension (OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.61–8.31), increased serum creatinine (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.06, per 10 mmol/L increase), history of heart attack (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.11–4.54) and increased total cholesterol (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07–1.59, per 1 mmol/L increase). None of the ocular parameters were associated with RVO. RVO is estimated to affect up to 16 and 21 million people in Asia by 2020 and 2040, respectively.

Conclusion: RVO was detected in 0.72% of a multi-ethnic Asian population aged 40–80 years in Singapore. The significant systemic risk factors of RVO are consistent with studies in white populations.     

Twenty-Four-Month Results of Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in macular edema (ME) due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) in a real clinical practice setting at a tertiary referral center. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a final total number of 35 eyes of 35 patients with a 24-month follow-up was performed. Results: At 24 months, mean best-corrected visual acuity improved by 0.09 LogMAR units from baseline (95% CI: ?0.03–0.24, p?=?0.0674). The mean CFT decreased by 75 microns (95% CI: 27–123, p?=?0.0026). The median number of injections was 6 (IQR: 3–9). Macular edema showed complete resolution in 12 eyes (34.3%), responded partially in six eyes (17%), recurred in eight eyes (23%), and remained persistent in nine eyes (25.7%, three eyes at six months, one eye at 12 months, three eyes at 18 months and two eyes at 24 months). Conclusion: Our study shows that treatment with IVB in patients with ME due to BRVO during a period of 24 months provided complete resolution of the ME in more than one-third of patients. In one-third of the cases, ME resolved partially or recurred and in less than one-third of patients ME remained persistent. Visual acuity increased significantly in 23% of patients and remained stable in the majority of patients. However, a median number of six injections was necessary to maintain a lasting beneficial effect. Further long-term prospective studies are required comparing intravitreal bevacizumab with other treatment modalities.     

视网膜静脉阻塞治疗新进展

视网膜静脉阻塞是继糖尿病性视网膜病变之后第二个常见的视网膜血管性疾病,它的病因和发病机制目前仍不十分清楚,黄斑水肿和视网膜缺血是患者视力下降的主要原因.本文从药物、激光和手术方面阐述了视网膜静脉阻塞的治疗近况,并提出了视网膜静脉阻塞未来治疗的展望.     

玻璃体腔注射康柏西普治疗不同类型视网膜静脉阻塞伴黄斑水肿的疗效

目的：观察玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普治疗不同类型视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)伴黄斑水肿的临床疗效。

方法：回顾性研究。纳入79例79眼不同类型视网膜静脉阻塞伴黄斑水肿患者[视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)54眼,非缺血型视网膜中央静脉阻塞(non-iCRVO)16眼,缺血型视网膜中央静脉阻塞(iCRVO)9眼],采用3+PRN方案治疗,随访6mo,记录基线、治疗后1d,1、2、3、4、5、6mo的最佳矫正视力(BCVA,LogMAR)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CMT)等变化。

结果：三种不同类型RVO治疗后6mo BCVA均较基线提高(0.22±0.23 vs 0.70±0.32; 0.24±0.19 vs 0.73±0.27; 1.20±0.37 vs 1.92±0.23; 均P<0.05),OCT显示黄斑CMT明显降低(199±27 vs 422±162μm; 195±16 vs 550±158μm; 231±55 vs 583±152μm; 均P<0.05)。三种不同类型RVO在不同就诊时间组内治疗后各时间CMT均较基线下降(P<0.05),不同就诊时间组间CMT均无差异(P>0.05)。BRVO、non-iCRVO患者在不同就诊时间组内治疗后BCVA均较基线改善(P<0.05),iCRVO患者>90d组视力几乎无提升。

结论：玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普可以有效治疗RVO引起的黄斑水肿。对于RVO患者,早期及时的进行抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗,有助于其远期视力的提高并维持稳定; 延迟抗VEGF药物治疗可能会降低其视力提升的空间。     

抗VEGF药物对不同年龄视网膜中央静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的疗效分析

目的：分析抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物对不同年龄视网膜中央静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿(CRVO-ME)患者的疗效。

方法：回顾性选取2017-02/2019-03我院眼科收治的CRVO-ME患者102例102眼,均接受玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗治疗,依据患者年龄将其分为CM1组(年龄<50岁,50例50眼)、CM2组(年龄≥50岁,52例52眼)。治疗后连续随访12mo,观察两组患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、黄斑中心视网膜厚度(CMT)、眼压、平均注射次数、第1次注射间期,记录并发症情况。

结果：治疗后两组患者BCVA均较治疗前改善,CMT均较治疗前变薄,且治疗后9、12mo CM1组BCVA、CMT均优于CM2组(P<0.001)。治疗后1、2、3mo两组患者眼压均高于治疗前(P<0.01),治疗后6、9mo两组眼压均较治疗后3mo下降(P<0.05),至12mo时两组眼压均与治疗前持平(P>0.05),且CM1组治疗后1、2、3mo眼压均低于CM2组(P<0.01)。CM1组平均注射次数(3.24±0.35次)较CM2组(2.38±0.26次)多,且CM1组第1次注射间期(1.75±0.19mo)较CM2组(4.13±0.42mo)短(均P<0.01))。随访期间两组均未出现白内障加重、视网膜脱离、眼内炎等严重并发症。

结论：抗VEGF药物(雷珠单抗)治疗CRVO-ME可明显提高患者视力,降低CMT,注射后1mo即显著改善,且不会对眼压造成明显影响。相比于50岁以上患者,50岁以下患者应用雷珠单抗后1a内效果更好,视力提高及CMT变薄更明显,早期眼压波动小,第1次注射间期缩短。