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慢性肾脏病发生急性肾损伤56例临床分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的分析慢性肾脏病发生急性肾损伤(A/C)的主要诱因及预后.方法对昆明医学院附属延安医院。肾内科2004年7月至2010年7月收治的慢性肾脏病并急性。肾损伤56例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨诱因及预后.结果慢性肾脏病并发急性肾损伤的主要诱因:(1)严重感染(35.7%);(2)严重高血压(23.2%);(3)原发病加重(19.6%).预后:(1)。肾功能恢复(82.1%);(2)无改变(10.71%);(3)慢性化(3.57%);(4)死亡(3.57%).结论A/C患者肾功能具有很大的可逆性,早期及时诊断,积极治疗是改善患者肾功能,降低病死率,延长患者生命的重要措施. 相似文献
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对2005年9月至2008年9月在本院住院期间发生急性肾损伤136例患者的临床资料进行分析。结果示年龄大于65岁的占57.4%(78例);病因属于肾前性者69例(50.7%),肾性49例(36.0%),肾后性18例(13.3%);在慢性肾脏病基础上发生急性肾损伤者57例,占总数的41.9%。治疗后有81.6%患者的肾功能得到完全或部分恢复。 相似文献
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住院患者急性肾损伤32例临床分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的探讨住院患者发生急性肾损伤(AKI)的发病和治疗情况及危险因素。方法对2008年12月-2011年12月在我院住院期间发生急性肾损伤32例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果诱发AKI的最常见因素是感染(43.8%)、心力衰竭(21.9%)、术后或外伤(15.6%)。在慢性肾脏病基础上发生急性肾损伤者8例,占总数的25.0%。治疗后有71.9%患者的肾功能得到完全或部分恢复。结论急性肾损伤合并多脏器衰竭、高龄及肿瘤患者病变程度较重,预后较差。感染是主要致病因素。早期积极治疗可使多数AKI患者病情发生逆转。 相似文献
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目的::总结急性肾损伤(AKI)的流行病学、病因、分布特点、临床特点以及影响预后的因素。方法:回顾性分析166例 AKI 患者的临床资料。结果:AKI 发生率占我院同期住院患者的0.39%;非老年组肾性因素所占比例高于老年组;AKI 主要病因为药物、脓毒症、心力衰竭;AKI 总死亡率为30.1%,肾性因素死亡率高,接受肾脏替代治疗组死亡率,明显低于保守治疗组(P <0.05)。合并 MODS 死亡率高。结论:住院患者 AKI 发生率高、死亡率高,肾脏替代治疗预后佳。MODS 是影响 AKI 死亡率的重要危险因素,应积极重视纠正 MODS,降低 AKI 死亡率。 相似文献
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目的:分析住院患者感染相关急性肾损伤(AKI)的临床特征及影响其预后的危险因素,为临床防治感染相关AKI提供依据。方法:通过收集2018年12月-2020年12月于浙江省中医院住院患者的肾功能检查结果,筛检出AKI患者,进行病史复习,回顾性分析感染相关AKI的临床特征及分布特点;Logistic 回归分析影响感染相关AKI患者预后的危险因素。结果:观察期间共纳入感染相关AKI患者71例。患者男女患病比例2.74:1。感染部位包括泌尿道感染18例、腹腔感染15例、肺部感染31例、皮肤软组织感染1例、牙周感染1例,导管相关感染3例,不明原因血流感染2例。其中合并脓毒症者共38例(53.5%)。AKI 1期10例(14.1%),2期26例(36.6%),3期35例(49.3%)。所有纳入研究的患者中,好转出院32例(45.1%),死亡20例(28.2%),自动出院19例(26.8%)。Logistic 回归分析提示脓毒症、恶性肿瘤是感染相关AKI预后可能的独立危险因素。结论:感染是AKI的主要诱因之一,主要感染部位为肺部感染,临床上感染相关AKI的发病以老年、男性居多。脓毒症、恶性肿瘤是影响患者预后的独立危险因素。 相似文献
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目的总结外伤性肾损伤在基层医院的诊治体会,从而提高对肾损伤的认识及诊治效果。方法回顾性分析56例肾损伤诊治临床资料。结果56例肾损伤患者中,其中手术治疗20例(肾修补7例,肾部分切除及肾切除5例)。非手术治疗36例。严重多发伤死亡2例。有尿瘘2例,经引流、堵瘘1个月出院。其他病例均治愈出院。结论早期诊断主要依靠临床表现、尿液检查、静脉肾盂造影、B超、CT。准确行伤情评估,严格掌握手术治疗及非手术治疗指征,是处理外伤性肾损伤的关键。 相似文献
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目的分析急性肾盂肾炎并发急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的临床特点。方法回顾性分析浙江省立同德医院肾内科2010年1月—2013年1月住院的14例急性肾盂肾炎并发急性肾损伤患者临床资料。结果并发急性肾损伤14例(11.0%),男1例,女13例;平均年龄(59.43±22.30)岁;基础疾病7例;B超泌尿系异常5例;使用肾损药物4例;血容量不足1例;最高体温平均(38.74±1.21)℃;治疗前血白细胞平均(12.91±4.49)×10^9/L;中性粒细胞比例:(85.23±9.63)%,超敏CRP(125.6±125.9)mg/L,治疗前α-微球蛋白平均(50.19±22.24)mg/L,治疗前血肌酐平均(178.93±113.86)μmol/L,尿培养阳性6例(42.9%),大肠埃希菌3例,肺炎克雷伯杆菌1例,屎肠球菌1例,产气肠杆菌1例。13例患者抗感染治疗肌酐恢复基础水平,1例患者抗生素联合甲基强的松龙治疗恢复正常。结论并发AKI并非少见,且程度重,更易发生在年龄较大、有泌尿系异常、感染重的患者。早期、有效抗感染治疗多数肾功能快速恢复,但少数需联合激素治疗。 相似文献
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目的探讨急性肾损伤(AKI)的病因及预后。方法 155例AKI患者,依据年龄划分,老年组60例,非老年组95例,两组均给予常规的非透析治疗和(或)在此基础上加用透析治疗。对比分析两组患者的病因及预后。结果老年组AKI病因主要以肾前性多见(P<0.01),非老年组以肾性多见(P<0.01)。老年组患者肾损害程度显著高于非老年组(P<0.01)。老年组合并原发慢性病的百分率显著高于非老年组(P<0.01),存在多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)者显著多于非老年组(P<0.01),需要血液净化治疗者显著多于非老年组(P<0.01)。非老年组的预后显著好于老年组(P<0.01)。结论老年AKI患者多死于MODS、重症感染和心血管疾病、糖尿病等合并症,而非老年AKI患者死于感染多见。积极防治MODS和各种慢性疾病,可明显降低老年人AKI发病率和病死率。 相似文献
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脓毒症相关急性肾损伤患者肾功能转归的临床研究 《首都医科大学学报》2018,39(1):21-27
目的 了解脓毒症相关急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)患者肾脏功能转归及相关影响因素,为急性肾损伤临床防治提供理论依据。方法 选取2016年1月至2016年12月进入首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院重症医学科的脓毒性AKI患者,观察其28 d及90 d肾功能及临床转归。根据90 d肾功能转归将患者分为肾功能恢复组及肾功能未恢复组,通过两组间对比,分析有统计学意义的早期预测因素,运用受试者工作特征曲线下面积及Logistic回归分析评估这些因素对需行连续性肾脏替代治疗的AKI患者的预后价值。结果 共纳入49名患者,肾功能恢复组24人,肾功能未恢复组25人。整体脓毒症相关AKI患者肾功能恢复率为49%,感染来源以肺部感染最常见。基线水平对比提示年龄、有心功能不全及高血压疾病史、诊断脓毒症AKI后24 h急性生理和慢性健康评分Ⅱ(Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ,APACHE Ⅱ)、肾外器官全身性感染相关性器官功能衰竭评分(epsis-related Organ Failure Assessment,SOFA)、改善全球肾脏病预后组织(Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes,KDIGO)分期、脏器衰竭个数 ≥ 3个、血小板计数、乳酸浓度、肺部感染、合并呼吸衰竭、少尿、机械通气、应用血管活性药物、入组即刻尿组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂-2(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2,TIMP-2)、血中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,NGAL)、血肝脂肪酶结合蛋白(liver fatly acid binding protein,LFABP)浓度与肾功能恢复有关。Logistic回归模型分析显示影响脓毒症AKI患者肾功能恢复的因素有机械通气、脏器衰竭个数、APACHE Ⅱ评分、KDIGO分期、少尿、低蛋白血症、血NGAL、尿TIMP-2。其中APACHE Ⅱ评分、肾外脏器SOFA评分、血NGAL、尿TIMP-2对肾功能恢复有较好的预测价值。结论 患者的APACHE Ⅱ评分、肾外SOFA评分、脓毒症AKI诊断即刻血NGAL、尿TIMP-2浓度可有效预测肾功能恢复。 相似文献
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LI Wen-xiong CHEN Hui-de WANG Xiao-wen ZHAO Song CHEN Xiu-kai ZHENG Yue SONG Yang 《中华医学杂志(英文版)》2009,122(9):1020-1025
Background The optimal timing to start continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for acute kidney injury (AKI) patients has not been accurately established. The recently proposed risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) criteria for diagnosis and classification of AKI may provide a method for clinicians to decide the "optimal timing" for starting CRRT under uniform guidelines. The present study aimed: (1) to analyze the correlation between RIFLE stage at the start of CRRT and 90-day survival rate after CRRT start, (2) to further investigate the correlation of RIFLE stage with the malignant kidney outcome in the 90-day survivors, and (3) to determine the influence of the timing of CRRT defined by RIFLE classification on the 90-day survival and malignant kidney outcome in 90-day survivors.
Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on the data of 106 critically ill patients with AKI, treated with CRRT during a 6-year period in a university affiliated surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Information such as sex, age, RIFLE stage, sepsis, sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, number of organ failures before CRRT, CRRT time during SICU, survival, and kidney outcome conditions at 90 days after CRRT start was collected. According to their baseline severity of AKI at the start of CRRT, the patients were assigned to three groups according to the increasing severity of RIFLE stages: RIFLE-R (risk of renal dysfunction, R), RIFLE-I (injury to the kidney, I) and RIFLE-F (failure of kidney function, F) using RIFLE criteria. The malignant kidney outcome was classified as RIFLE-L (loss of kidney function L) or RIFLE-E (end-stage kidney disease, E) using RIFLE criteria. The correlation between RIFLE stage and 90-day survival rate was analyzed among these three RIFLE-categorized groups. Additionally, the association between RIFLE stage and the malignant kidney outcome (RIFLE-L+RIFLF-E) in the 90-day survivors was analyzed.Results Fifty-three of the overall 106 patients survived to 90 days after the start of CRRT. There were 16, 22 and 68 patients in RIFLE-R, RIFLE-I and RIFLE-F groups respectively with corresponding 90-day survival rate of 75.0% (12/16), 63.6% (14/22) and 39.7% (27/68) (P 〈0.01, compared among groups). The percentage of the malignant kidney outcome of 90-day survivors in the RIFLE-R, RIFLE-I, and RIFLE-F groups was 16.7% (2/12), 21.4% (3/14) and 55.6% (15/27),respectively (P for trend 〈0.01). After adjustment for other baseline risk factors, the relative risk (RR) for the 90-day mortality significantly increased with baseline RIFLE stage. Patients in RIFLE-F had a higher RR of 1.96 (95% confidence interval (C/): 1.06-3.62) than patients in RIFLE-I (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.55-2.15) compared with patients in RIFLE-R (P for trend 〈0.01). Similarly, baseline RIFLE stage also significantly correlated with the odds ratio (OR) for the malignant kidney outcome in 90-day survivors (P for trend 〈0.05). Ninety-day survivors in the RIFLE-F group had a borderline significantly highest OR of 6.88 (95% CI: 0.85-55.67).
Conclusions The RIFLE classification may be used to predict 90-day survival after starting CRRT and the malignant kidney outcome of 90-day survivors in the critically ill patients with AKI treated with CRRT. Starting CRRT prior to RIFLE-F stage may be the optimal timing. Prospective, multi-center, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm its predictive value in these patients. 相似文献
Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on the data of 106 critically ill patients with AKI, treated with CRRT during a 6-year period in a university affiliated surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Information such as sex, age, RIFLE stage, sepsis, sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, number of organ failures before CRRT, CRRT time during SICU, survival, and kidney outcome conditions at 90 days after CRRT start was collected. According to their baseline severity of AKI at the start of CRRT, the patients were assigned to three groups according to the increasing severity of RIFLE stages: RIFLE-R (risk of renal dysfunction, R), RIFLE-I (injury to the kidney, I) and RIFLE-F (failure of kidney function, F) using RIFLE criteria. The malignant kidney outcome was classified as RIFLE-L (loss of kidney function L) or RIFLE-E (end-stage kidney disease, E) using RIFLE criteria. The correlation between RIFLE stage and 90-day survival rate was analyzed among these three RIFLE-categorized groups. Additionally, the association between RIFLE stage and the malignant kidney outcome (RIFLE-L+RIFLF-E) in the 90-day survivors was analyzed.Results Fifty-three of the overall 106 patients survived to 90 days after the start of CRRT. There were 16, 22 and 68 patients in RIFLE-R, RIFLE-I and RIFLE-F groups respectively with corresponding 90-day survival rate of 75.0% (12/16), 63.6% (14/22) and 39.7% (27/68) (P 〈0.01, compared among groups). The percentage of the malignant kidney outcome of 90-day survivors in the RIFLE-R, RIFLE-I, and RIFLE-F groups was 16.7% (2/12), 21.4% (3/14) and 55.6% (15/27),respectively (P for trend 〈0.01). After adjustment for other baseline risk factors, the relative risk (RR) for the 90-day mortality significantly increased with baseline RIFLE stage. Patients in RIFLE-F had a higher RR of 1.96 (95% confidence interval (C/): 1.06-3.62) than patients in RIFLE-I (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.55-2.15) compared with patients in RIFLE-R (P for trend 〈0.01). Similarly, baseline RIFLE stage also significantly correlated with the odds ratio (OR) for the malignant kidney outcome in 90-day survivors (P for trend 〈0.05). Ninety-day survivors in the RIFLE-F group had a borderline significantly highest OR of 6.88 (95% CI: 0.85-55.67).
Conclusions The RIFLE classification may be used to predict 90-day survival after starting CRRT and the malignant kidney outcome of 90-day survivors in the critically ill patients with AKI treated with CRRT. Starting CRRT prior to RIFLE-F stage may be the optimal timing. Prospective, multi-center, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm its predictive value in these patients. 相似文献
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目的研究腹膜透析对多脏器功能衰竭并急性肾损伤的疗效。方法回顾12例多脏器功能衰竭并急性肾损伤患者行持续非卧床腹膜透析治疗的临床资料,分析腹膜透析前后血钾离子(K^+)、碳酸氢根(HCO3^-)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、血压及尿量等水平的变化,探讨腹膜透析治疗AKI的安全性及有效性。结果本组12例,其中男性9例,女性3例,年龄9-77岁,平均年龄52.1岁。原发病:颅脑损伤1例,脑血管意外3例,心脏瓣膜置换术后1例,肾移植术后1例,溶血尿毒综合征(HUS)1例,狼疮性肾炎1例,急性重症胰腺炎(SAP)4例,其中儿童患者1例。AKI分期:AKIⅡ期3例,AKIⅢ期9例。本组患者的转归与发生功能障碍的器官数目有关,2个器官功能障碍6例,存活6例(存活率100%),3个器官功能障碍4例,存活3例(存活率75%);3个以上器官功能障碍2例,存活1例(存活率50%)。7例患者脱离透析治疗,3例患者继续维持性PD。本组存活率为83.3%。腹膜透析1周后,血尿素及肌酐控制在满意水平,水电解质及酸碱平衡紊乱纠正,生命体征较前稳定,腹膜透析超滤量1400-2400 ml,平均2100 ml。结论腹膜透析对多脏器功能衰竭并急性肾损伤具有满意的疗效,患者的预后主要取决于器官衰竭数目及原发病。 相似文献
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体外循环手术后急性肾损伤临床研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的观察体外循环(CPB)手术对肾功能的影响。方法回顾分析246例施行CPB心内直视手术后患者的临床资料、手术相关指标与肾功能相关指标。根据2005年急性肾脏损伤网络(AKIN)对于急性肾损伤(AKI)的定义,判断患者的发病情况,并比较AKI与非AKI患者的各项指标。采用简化的MDRD公式评估2组患者术前的评估肾小球滤过率(eGFR)。结果246例中,22例发生AKI,总发病率8.9%;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期AKI分别为15例(6.1%)、5例(2.0%)、2例(0.8%)。与非AKI患者的各项指标比较结果显示:AKI患者年龄偏大(P〈0.05),而术前血压、血红蛋白、肾功能等指标的差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05);eGFR明显低于非AKI患者(P〈0.05);体外循环时间及升主动脉阻断时间明显较非AKI患者延长(P〈0.05);术后24h内尿量较非AKI患者显著减少,而24h引流液量显著多于非AKI患者(P〈0.05)。结论患者年龄大、CPB及升主动脉阻断时间长是CPB手术后发生AKI的不利因素。术前评估eGFR可能有助于发现高危人群,利于及时采取有效措施避免AKI的发生。 相似文献
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目的分析造影剂相关急性肾损伤(CI-AKI)患者短期不良预后的危险因素。 方法选择64例经冠状动脉造影(CA)或经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后的AKI患者。短期不良预后包括住院死亡和持续性肾功能不全。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析CI-AKI患者短期不良预后的危险因素。 结果CI-AKI患者住院病死率为7.8%,存活患者发生持续性肾功能不全率为59.3%。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,心脏骤停、心源性休克、收缩压、肌酸激酶同工酶和合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病可能是CI-AKI患者住院死亡的危险因素;估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、手术时间、造影剂剂量、造影剂种类、Mehran风险评分和合并糖尿病可能是CI-AKI患者出现持续性肾功能不全的危险因素。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,心源性休克是CI-AKI患者住院死亡的独立危险因素;eGFR、手术时间和造影剂种类是CI-AKI患者持续性肾功能不全的独立危险因素。 结论心源性休克、eGFR、手术时间及造影剂种类是CA/PCI术后CI-AKI患者短期不良预后的独立危险因素。 相似文献
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儿童急性肾损伤62例临床分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的总结儿童急性肾损伤(AKI)的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2008年1月-12月收治的62例AKI住院患儿的临床资料。结果62例AKI患儿中男43例,女19例;城市6例,农村56例;平均年龄4.4岁。肾前性14例(22.6%),肾性30例(48.4%),肾后性18例(29.0%);病因在各年龄组分布有统计学差异,新生儿期为肾前性因素,婴儿期主要为肾后性因素,其余年龄段主要为肾性因素。62例中治愈26例(41.9%),好转21例(33.9%),无效放弃14例(22.6%),死亡1例(1.6%)。少尿、血尿、蛋白尿、GRF等参数在各组间无统计学差异。单因素分析显示年龄、发病天数、是否出现少尿或血尿、血红蛋白、AKl分期是影响预后的因素。结论儿童AKI的病因多样化,其预后与发病年龄、原发病因及治疗时机有关;早期诊断有助于AKI的治疗,积极有效的治疗有助于提高存活率;需要重视儿童AKI的诊治。 相似文献
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目的探讨并有急性肾损伤的多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者的临床特征及影响其死亡的主要因素。方法回顾性分析41例并有急性肾损伤MODS患者的临床资料,包括基本资料、既往病史,可能病因或诱因(首发部位),衰竭的器官数及临床观察指标。根据MODS严重程度评价标准制表,对以上各系统进行评分,算出MODS总评分及各系统评分总和,并对以上可能影响MODS病人死亡的相关因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果 MODS合并急性肾损伤患者的病死率为65.9%,多首发于肺部,肺部感染占43.9%。经Logistic回归分析,MODS总评分是以上因素中唯一入选明显影响死亡的因素,其方程分类能力达92.8%。结论首发器官以呼吸系统最高,多为肺部感染,各系统总评分亦是呼吸系统最高,影响死亡的主要因素是MODS总评分;对于并有急性肾损伤MODS患者,不能根据单一系统的情况,而要综合考虑各个系统及全身情况来判断病情严重程度及预后情况。 相似文献
20.
急性肾损伤是多种原闵引起的肾功能骤然下降的临床综合征,具有高发病率和高病死率的特点。急性肾损伤最主要的病理改变是肾小管上皮细胞坏死脱落阻塞管腔及基膜裸露。肾损伤修复依赖残存肾小管上皮细胞迁移、增殖、分化,覆盖暴露的肾小管基膜,从而恢复肾功能。干细胞是一类具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的克隆细胞,在肾损伤的修复中发挥重要作用。肾损伤动物模型的研究证实,坏死细胞的更替主要依赖成熟细胞分化,再次进入细胞周期,或依赖骨髓干细胞或肾脏器官特异干细胞的修复作用。文章就骨髓干细胞和肾脏成体干细胞在急性肾损伤后肾脏修复中的作用进行综述。 相似文献