肺炎支原体肺炎患儿血清白细胞介素-6及可溶性白细胞介素-6受体活性变化及意义

目的：为正确认识肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)患儿免疫状态，该研究检测了MPP和非肺炎支原体肺炎患儿血清白细胞介素6(IL6)及可溶性白细胞介素6受体(sIL6R)的变化，探讨其对MPP和非MPP患儿病情的影响，并为选择合理的MPP治疗手段提供理论依据。方法：用ELISA法检测MPP患儿(n=41)及非MPP患儿(n=20)急性期和恢复期血清IL-6及sIL-6R含量。结果：①MPP 患儿血清IL-6急性期和恢复期分别为 2.01±0.41，1.12±0.67 ng/L；sIL-6R急性期和恢复期分别为 1.87±0.25，1.92±0.27 μg/L，均明显高于正常对照组 0.37±0.52 ng/L，1.71±0.15 μg/L，差异有显著性(P<0.01)；MPP患儿恢复期血清IL-6含量较急性期明显下降，差异有显著性(P<0.01)，而sIL-6R恢复期与急性期比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)；②非MPP患儿血清IL-6急性期及恢复期分别为1.56±0.26，0.84±0.63 ng/L，明显高于正常对照组，差异有显著性(P<0.01或P<0.05)，而血清sIL-6R与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)；非MPP患儿急性期血清IL-6高于恢复期，差异有显著性(P<0.05)，血清sIL-6R急性期与恢复期比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)；③MPP患儿急性期血清IL-6、sIL-6R含量较非MPP患儿急性期升高(P<0.01或P<0.05)；MPP患儿恢复期血清IL-6含量与非MPP患儿恢复期的差异无显著性(P>0.05)；MPP患儿恢复期血清sIL-6R含量明显高于非MPP患儿恢复期(P<0.01)。结论：MPP患儿血清IL-6及sIL-6R改变较非MPP患儿明显，提示MPP患儿免疫功能改变较非MPP患儿显著，IL-6及sIL-6R参与了MPP的发生和发展，有必要对MPP患儿进行免疫调节治疗。     

碳氧血红蛋白测定对新生儿黄疸诊断的价值

目的：探讨碳氧血红蛋白测定在新生儿黄疸诊断中的临床价值。方法：189例新生儿黄疸患儿(新生儿溶血病75例,感染52例,颅内出血32例,晚发母乳黄疸30例)及142例对照组患儿同步测定动脉化毛细血管血碳氧血红蛋白(COHb)和血清总胆红素(STB);溶血组予大剂量静脉免疫球蛋白治疗后测定COHb及STB,应用SAS6.12统计软件进行处理。结果：溶血组COHb及STB分别为(3.64±0.83)%,330.84±77.15μmol/L,显著高于对照组的(2.38±0.35)%和130.18±32.86μmol/L(P<0.01);颅内出血组COHb及STB分别为(2.48±0.53)%,184.15±29.35μmol/L,高于对照组的(2.24±0.32)%及112.11±17.45μmol/L(P<0.05);感染及母乳黄疸组STB分别为286.71±45.66μmol/L,299.15±44.14μmol/L,显著高于对照组146.23±31.26μmol/L及57.33±7.83μmol/L(P<0.01),而COHb为(2.36±0.50)%及(1.84±0.49)%与对照组(2.20±0.39)%及(1.67±0.43)%比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。溶血性高间胆组STB低于非溶血性高间胆组(P<0.01),而COHb显著高于后者(P<0.01)。溶血组大剂量静脉免疫球蛋白治疗前后COHb分别为(3.64±0.83)%及(2.68±0.51)%,STB分别为330.84±77.15μmol/L及230.18±42.96μmol/L,治疗前后比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论：COHb测定可作为胆红素产量的指标,有助于新生儿黄疸病因诊断及指导治疗。     

血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1与重症肺炎的关系研究

目的：血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1（sICAM-1）是人体内重要的细胞表面黏附分子，参与机体众多的免疫反应及炎症反应，但其在重症肺炎患儿中的表达情况，以及与重症肺炎的关系，则未见系统的研究。该研究探讨血清sICAM-1在重症肺炎发病过程中的变化及其与重症肺炎的关系。方法：采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法测定50例重症肺炎患儿和56例普通肺炎患儿不同病程中的血清sICAM-1水平，以及52例健康对照组小儿血清sICAM-1水平。结果：重症肺炎急性期血清sICAM-1为402.36±31.24 μg/L，明显高于其恢复期水平的198.56±12.63 μg/L，差异具有显著性(P<0.01),与普通肺炎急性期的278.86±36.24 μg/L及健康对照组 180.74±21.46 μg/L比较，差异亦有显著性(P<0.01)；重症肺炎恢复期血清sICAM-1水平与普通肺炎恢复期的193.42±23.65 μg/L及健康对照组比较，则差异无显著性（P >0.05）；重症细菌性肺炎、病毒性肺炎、支原体（MP）肺炎、病毒与细菌混合感染性肺炎急性期血清sICAM-1分别为412.15±18.36 μg/L、386.25±31.62 μg/L、398.41±16.83 μg/L、389.76±24.88 μg/L，差异均无显著性（P>0.05）；重症肺炎经治疗后痊愈病例及好转病例急性期血清sICAM-1分别为396.18±22.31 μg/L，392.79±37.43 μg/L，差异也无显著性（P >0.05）。结论：sICAM-1可能参与了重症肺炎的炎症过程，其水平变化可以作为重症肺炎的诊断及病情轻重的判断指标之一。［中国当代儿科杂志，2007，9（6）：537-539］     

糖皮质激素对肾病综合征患儿成骨细胞功能的影响

目的　糖皮质激素是治疗肾病综合征的首选药物。但糖皮质激素可抑制成骨细胞功能,导致骨质疏松。该研究通过检测成骨细胞不同分化阶段的生化指标:I型前胶原羧基端前肽(PICP)、骨钙素(BGP)和总碱性磷酸酶(AKP),探讨糖皮质激素对肾病综合征(NS)患儿成骨细胞功能的影响。方法　测定正常对照组(n=30),未治NS患儿(n=30)和激素治疗后NS患儿(每日泼尼松2mg/kg治疗4 ~8周,n=30)血清PICP、BGP及AKP水平。结果　未治NS患儿血清PICP165 ±56μg/L,BGP15 ±9ng/L水平明显低于正常对照组205 ±81μg/L, 19 ±12ng/L(均P<0. 05),而血清总AKP198 ±71U/L与正常对照组202 ±46U/L比较差异无显著性。激素治疗后NS患儿血清PICP85 ±56μg/L、BGP8±5ng/L、AKP104 ±59 U/L均明显低于未治NS患儿(P<0. 01)。结论　NS患儿本身存在骨合成障碍,大剂量糖皮质激素治疗可进一步抑制NS患儿的成骨细胞合成功能。     

小儿哮喘与肺炎支原体肺炎血中一氧化氮和氧自由基的不同变化及意义

目的：　探讨一氧化氮(NO)、脂质过氧化物(LPO)、血栓素B2 (TXB2 )、循环内皮细胞(CEC)在小儿哮喘及肺炎支原体(MP)肺炎中的作用。方法：　分别检测36例小儿哮喘、40例MP肺炎患儿及15例健康体检儿血NO,LPO,TXB2及CEC水平。结果：　小儿哮喘及MP肺炎急性期血NO,LPO,TXB2,CEC4项指标分别为:哮喘组(162 .27±36.12) μmol/L ,(8.62± 0.87)nmol/ml,(22 9.11± 64.75) pg/ml,(6.13± 1.15)n/0.9μl;MP肺炎组(95.52±33.84)μmol/L ,(5.76± 0 .53)nmol/ml,(388.72±80 .09) pg/ml,(6.36±1.02)n/0 .9μl,分别与对照组 [(68.57±13.80 ) μmol/L ,(4.62± 1.80 )nmol/ml,(105.76±20.10)pg/ml,(4.40±1.04)n/0 .9μl]相比,均增高显著,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。其中哮喘组血中NO ,LPO较MP肺炎组增高显著(P<0.01);MP肺炎组TXB2 较哮喘组增高明显 (P<0.01)。恢复期两种疾病所有指标均降低,TXB2,LPO已降至正常范围,而NO ,CEC在两周后[哮喘组(82.64±20.56)μmol/L,(5.41±1.29)n/0.9μl,MP肺炎组 (86.12±21.34)μmol/L,(5.57±1.12 )n/0 .9μl]仍高于正常对照组(P<0.05或0.01)。结论：　本研究提示     

肺炎支原体肺炎T细胞亚群免疫球蛋白水平变化的研究

目的：为了正确认识肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)患儿免疫状态,该研究检测了MPP患儿外周血T细胞亚群、免疫球蛋白的变化,旨在探讨MPP患儿免疫功能的特点。方法：采用流式细胞仪技术(FCM)检测了32例支原体肺炎患儿外周血T细胞亚群及免疫球蛋白,并与28例正常儿童进行比较。结果：MPP患儿急性期外周血CD3,CD4,CD8,CD4/CD8分别为57.30±6.21个/μL,32.70±6.52个/μL,24.9±2.41个/μL,1.31±0.33,恢复期外周血CD3,CD4,CD8,CD4/CD8分别为58.20±6.10个/μL,34.92±5.93个/μL,25.87±4.72个/μL,1.39±0.42,CD4,CD4/CD8较对照组低,P<0.05。MPP患儿外周血急性期IgG,IgA,IgM分别为9.93±2.67g/L,1.63±0.69g/L,1.73±0.83g/L,恢复期分别为11.45±2.97g/L,1.94±0.84g/L,2.17±1.23g/L,IgG,IgM较对照组高,P<0.01。IgA与对照组比较无明显差异。结论：肺炎支原体肺炎时患儿存在细胞免疫和体液免疫失调,该研究为临床应用免疫调节剂提供了理论依据。     

胰岛素样生长因子-1在新生儿高胆红素血症中的变化及意义

目的：胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)是神经系统必需的调节因子,目前少有报道其与高胆红素血症之间的关系。该文主要通过测定高胆红素血症（高胆）新生儿血清中IGF-1水平及新生儿神经行为评分(NBNA)来探讨IGF-1与高胆的关系及其临床意义。方法：应用电化学发光分析法检测57例高胆新生儿和 25例正常新生儿血清中IGF-1 浓度,同步测定血清总胆红素(TSB)、未结合胆红素(USB)及白蛋白(ALB)含量,计算USB与ALB比值(B/A),并行新生儿 NBNA 评分。高胆组按血清TSB值221~256 μmol/L,257~342 μmol/L,＞342 μmol/L分为轻、中、重三组;对照组TSB ＜85 μmol/L。结果：轻、中、重高胆患儿血清IGF-1浓度均值分别为39.38±8.42,30.77±4.65,26.34±2.05 ng/L,较对照组50.16±15.73 ng/ L明显降低,在轻、中、重高胆组间IGF-1浓度差异存在显著性(P＜0.01),其值随着胆红素的升高而降低;轻、中、重高胆组NBNA评分均值分别为35.01±2.26,32.45±2.74,26.77±5.02,明显低于对照组38.24±0.78(P＜0.01),高胆各组间差异也有显著性(P＜0.01);血清IGF-1 浓度与NBNA评分呈正相关(r=0.603, P＜0.01),与B/A值呈负相关(r=-0.483, P＜0.01)。结论：高胆患儿血清IGF-1浓度显著降低,降低程度与血清胆红素水平有关;IGF-1可能与新生儿胆红素脑损伤密切相关。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（5）：357-360］     

过敏性紫癜患儿血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C和尿微量清蛋白检测的临床意义

目的：探讨血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cyst-C)和尿微量清蛋白(mA1b)在过敏性紫癜（HSP）患儿早期肾损害中的检测意义。方法：选取48例血清肌酐正常的HSP患儿作为观察组,31例健康儿童作为对照组。均抽血后采用碱性苦味酸法检测血清肌酐（Scr）、酶联免疫吸附方法（ELISA)测定血清Cyst-C、免疫比浊法检测尿mA1b,同时对观察组做尿常规检测。并且随诊患儿1个月后复查血Cyst-C和尿mA1b含量。结果：观察组患儿急性期血清Cyst-C为2.24±0.81 mg/L,高于对照组的0.85±0.20 mg/L,急性期尿mA1b为20.04±10.32 mg/L,高于对照组的2.30±1.38 mg/L。两者比较差异有非常显著性意义（P＜0.01);HSP患儿急性期血清Cyst-C和尿mA1b与恢复期血清Cyst-C（1.70±0.30 mg/L）和尿mA1b（13.20±8.16 mg/L）比较,差异有非常显著性意义（P＜0.01);HSP患儿的尿常规异常率为33.3%(16/48),分别与尿mA1b异常率68.8%(32/48)、血清Cyst-C异常率72.9%(36/48)比较,差异有非常显著性意义（P＜0.01);HSP患儿的尿mA1b与血Cyst-C异常率两者相接近,差异无显著性。结论：血清Cyst-C联合尿mA1b检测是诊断HSP早期肾损害的灵敏指标,可作为临床早期诊断的可靠依据。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（5）：346-348］     

高氧致新生鼠肺损伤时肾组织一氧化氮及氧自由基的变化

目的　观察持续吸入高氧致新生大鼠肺损伤时肾组织自由基的变化,以探讨高氧对肾脏的损伤。 方法　采用高氧致新生鼠肺损伤的模型,将足月新生鼠生后分别在90%±5%氧气(n=140)和正常空气(n=88) 中持续暴露,于1,3,7,14,21d各处死8只,用分光光度计比色法动态测定肺和肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活 性、丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)含量的变化。结果　高氧暴露3d肺组织SOD的活性开始增高,7d时明显高 于对照组(214±19KNU/gvs186±19KNU/g,P<0.01),并逐渐增高持续至14d(220±15KNU/gvs197±21 KNU/g,P<0.05)和21d(251±15KNU/gvs195±8KNU/g,P<0.01);MDA含量于高氧暴露3d开始增高并高 于对照组(28.1±2.0μmol/gvs21.1±1.3μmol/g,P<0.05),7d最高(30.8±4.2μmol/gvs19.9±2.2μmol/g, P<0.01),14d虽有下降但仍高于对照组(26.3±3.8μmol/gvs22.6±2.3μmol/g,P<0.05);NO水平则于7d 时有所增高并高于对照组(99±8μmol/gvs89±8μmol/g,P<0.05),14d(128±34μmol/gvs93±17μmol/g,P <0.05)和21d(171±34μmol/gvs106±25μmol/g,P<0.01)仍高于对照组。而高氧组肾组织SOD活性的改变 与对照比较无差异,MDA和NO含量改变较肺晚,于吸高氧14d时高于对照(分别为24.1±5.0μmol/gvs16.0± 1.9     

小儿腹泻病与一氧化氮

目的 了解小儿腹泻病时体内一氧化氮(NO)的变化。方法 22例腹泻病住院患儿于入院24h内及治疗后72～96 h各采静脉血检测NO值,并设对照组30例。以经典镉还原比色法测定亚硝酸/硝酸根离子水平,为指示NO合成与释放指标。结果 3组(急性期,恢复期,对照组)NO值分别为(140.96±14.55) μmol/L;(66.40±7.28) μmol/L;(18.53±9.58) μmol/L,经各组两两比较t值分别为9.65,18.08,10.66,均P<0.001。结论 急性腹泻病时NO值明显增高,增高程度和腹泻病临床症状严重程度呈正相关。     

反复呼吸道感染患儿IgG亚类及维生素A水平的关联研究

目的：反复呼吸道感染（RRTI）是儿科的常见病之一。目前研究发现其发病与维生素A缺乏,免疫功能异常有关。该研究检测了RRTI患儿IgG 亚类及维生素A水平,并对该类病人维生素A缺乏与IgG亚类缺陷之间的关系进行了初步的探讨。方法：采用ELISA方法检测血清IgG 亚类;采用高效液相色谱分析Miller改良法进行维生素A的测定。结果：RRTI患者血清IgG2,4水平及维生素A水平均低于健康对照组,差异具有显著性（P<0.05）。结论：RRTI患者虽IgG正常,但是可能存在IgG亚类异常。RRTI患者存在维生素A水平低于正常儿童,而且IgG2,4水平的降低可能与维生素A水平有关。［中国当代儿科杂志,2007,9（6）：557-558］     

Serum citrulline levels correlate with enteral tolerance and bowel length in infants with short bowel syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To determine if serum levels of CIT (a nonprotein amino acid synthesized by the intestine) correlate with total parenteral nutrition (PN)-independence in children with short bowel syndrome (SBS). STUDY DESIGN: We prospectively obtained serum amino acid profiles over a 24-month interval from all infants with SBS 3 weeks to 4 years of age. Remaining small intestine length was recorded at surgery, and percent enteral calories tolerated (enteral calories divided by enteral plus parenteral calories x 100) was determined in 24 infants with SBS and 21 age-matched controls (blood drawn for non-gastrointestinal symptoms). RESULTS: Mean CIT for controls was 31 +/- 2 micromol/L. In patients with SBS (n = 24), serum CIT correlated linearly with percent enteral calories (R = 0.85; P <.001) and with bowel length (R = 0.47; P < or =.03). CIT level in patients with SBS weaned off PN was 30 +/- 2 micromol/L; in those subsequently weaned off PN, 20 +/- 2 micromol/L; and in those who would remain PN-dependent, 11 +/- 2 micromol/L ( P < or =.01). Serum CIT > or =19 micromol/L had 94% sensitivity and 67% specificity for being off or coming off total PN. CONCLUSIONS: Serum CIT level >19 micromol/L in children with SBS is associated with development of enteral tolerance and may be a useful predictive test.     

激素敏感型肾病综合征患儿甲基泼尼松龙冲击前后白介素13的表达

目的：观察白介素13（IL-13）在小儿类固醇敏感肾病综合征（SRNS）中的变化及甲基泼尼松龙冲击治疗（MPT）对IL-13表达的影响,探讨其在SRNS发病中的作用。方法：分别采用ELISA法及RT-PCR法测定20例正常儿童及28例SRNS患儿MPT前、结束后2 d、5 d、尿蛋白转阴后2周血清IL-13水平及外周血单个核细胞(PBMC) IL-13 mRNA水平。采用双缩脲法对SRNS患儿检测24 h尿蛋白量。结果：血清IL-13蛋白水平及PBMC IL-13 mRNA表达MPT前明显高于MPT结束后5 d组、尿蛋白转阴后2周组及正常对照组,差异有显著性（均P＜0.01）;MPT结束后5 d组较正常对照组高,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）; MPT前与结束后2 d比较差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。尿蛋白转阴后2周组血清IL-13蛋白水平及PBMC IL-13 mRNA表达与正常对照组比较无统计学意义。SRNS患儿血清中IL-13水平与24 h尿蛋白量呈正相关。结论：SRNS患儿血清IL-13及其基因表达异常,MPT对SRNS患儿IL-13在蛋白合成和基因转录两个水平上可能有抑制作用。［中国当代儿科杂志,2007,9（6）：533-536］     

血清sIL-2RIL-6与hs-CRP水平的测定在川崎病早期诊断中的临床意义

目的：研究表明川崎病(Kawasakidisease,KD)异常的免疫激活可导致免疫性血管炎。该研究的目的在于探讨川崎病患儿血清可溶性白细胞介素2受体(soubleinterleukin-2receptors,sIL-2R)及白细胞介素-6(in-terleukin-6,IL-6)水平在川崎病早期诊断中的临床意义。方法：收集实验组32例川崎病患儿急性期静脉注射丙种球蛋白(intravenousgammaglobulin,IVIG)前、后及对照组20例外周静脉血,ELISA双抗体法测定血清sIL-2R,IL-6含量,同时检测血清超敏C-反应蛋白(high-sensitiveC-reactiveprotein,hs-CRP)含量。结果：川崎病患儿急性期用IVIG前及用IVIG后血清sIL-2R和hs-CRP含量均较正常儿童显著增高(P<0.05);IVIG用前较用后血清sIL-2R和hs-CRP含量同样有显著增高(P<0.05);IVIG前川崎病患儿血清IL-6水平较正常儿童显著增高(P<0.05)。川崎病患儿血清sIL-2R与hs-CRP水平呈正相关(r=0.60,P<0.01);IVIG前血清IL-6与hs-CRP水平呈正相关(r=0.68,P<0.01)。结论：sIL-2R,IL-6与hs-CRP在川崎病血管炎的病理过程中显著激活,血清sIL-2R与IL-6及hs-CRP水平增高有助于川崎病早期诊断,评估患儿免疫状况。     

Serum pro-hepcidin levels and relationships with iron parameters in healthy preterm and term newborns

A recently isolated peptide hormone, hepcidin, is thought to be the principal regulator of iron homeostasis. Hepcidin acts by limiting intestinal iron absorption and promoting iron retention in reticuloendothelial cells. Its precursor peptide form is called pro-hepcidin. The aims of this study were to determine serum pro-hepcidin levels in healthy preterm and term newborns, and to assess possible relationships between pro-hepcidin and serum iron, serum ferritin, and transferrin. A serum sample was collected from each of 26 healthy preterm (gestational age < 37 weeks) and 16 healthy, full-term, appropriate-for-gestational age babies. The preterm babies were also divided into 2 subgroups based on gestational age. Samples were analyzed for complete blood count, serum iron and ferritin concentrations, iron-binding capacity, and transferrin and pro-hepcidin levels. Group findings were compared and correlations between pro-hepcidin and the iron parameters were tested. The respective serum pro-hepcidin levels (mean +/- SD) in the 16 healthy term and 26 healthy preterm newborns were 482 +/- 371.9 ng/mL and 496.7 +/- 443.5 ng/mL. Analysis revealed no significant correlations between serum pro-hepcidin level and serum iron, serum ferritin, or transferrin in the preterm or term newborns. Pro-hepcidin levels were not correlated with gestational age in the preterm group. The results indicate that healthy preterm and term newborns have high pro-hepcidin levels.     

Bone turnover in children with vitamin D deficiency rickets before and during treatment

Biochemical markers of bone formation [alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP)] and bone resorption [cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) and cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTX)] were measured in 14 children aged 8.5-10.5 mo with vitamin D deficiency rickets before and longitudinally during vitamin D treatment (3000-4000 IU/daily). Forty-four healthy children aged 8-10.5 mo were enrolled as sex- and age-matched controls. Before treatment, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, PICP, and ICTP, and urinary excretion values of NTX were significantly higher, and serum osteocalcin levels significantly lower than controls (31.4 +/- 3.5 microkat/L and 9.8 +/- 2.9 microkat/L, p < 0.001; 1025 +/- 89 microg/L and 952 +/- 97.4 microg/L, p < 0.02; 15.6 +/- 2.6 microg/L and 14.2 +/- 1.3 microg/L, p < 0.01; 370.7 +/- 109.4 nmol BCE and 201.8 +/- 69.2 nmol BCE, p < 0.001: 17.6 +/- 9.1 microg/L and 22.5 +/- 7.6 microg/L, p < 0.05, respectively). During treatment, serum alkaline phosphatase levels progressively declined in association with the radiographic healing of the skeletal lesions. Serum levels of osteocalcin, PICP, and ICTP, and urinary excretion values of NTX showed a transient but significant (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) increase in comparison with baseline values during the first 2-4 wk of treatment, and decreased slowly thereafter. They were within the mean +/- 2 SD of controls before the recovery of the skeletal lesions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that children with vitamin D deficiency rickets have increased bone turnover before and during the first weeks of treatment. Alkaline phosphatase is a more reliable marker than osteocalcin, PICP, ICTP and NTX for diagnosing and monitoring these patients.     

哮喘患儿血清IL 12 TGFβ1 与IgE 水平变化的研究

目的：检测哮喘患儿不同病期的白细胞介素12 ( IL-12) 、转化生长因子β1 ( TGFβ1 ) 与免疫球蛋白E( IgE) 水平变化的规律,并探讨不同病期IL-12,TGFβ1水平与IgE水平的相关性,据此阐述它们在哮喘中的临床意义。方法：采用ELISA 方法检测85例哮喘患儿及30例正常儿童的血清IL-12,TGFβ1与总IgE 水平。结果：哮喘组血清IL-12,TGFβ1水平明显低于对照组,而IgE 水平则哮喘组明显高于对照组,且发作期IL-12,TGFβ1 水平（28.42±10.73 ng/L,40.25±11.73 pg/mL）明显低于缓解期（40.42±15.26 ng/L,65.41±22.38 pg/mL）,差异有显著性 (P< 0. 01),缓解期血清IL-12,TGFβ1 水平明显低于对照组（67.42±20.58 ng/L,178.54±90.56 pg/mL）,差异有显著性(P<0.01),发作期血清IgE 水平（280.35±80.54 IU/mL）明显高于缓解期（145.67±51.25 IU/mL）, 差异有显著性(P< 0.01), 缓解期血清IgE 水平明显高于对照组（53.61±13.32 IU/mL）, 差异有显著性(P<0.01),哮喘患儿血清IL-12,TGFβ1水平与IgE呈负相关(P< 0.01)。结论：哮喘患儿存在IL-12,TGFβ1及IgE 水平失衡,提示IL-12,TGFβ1 在哮喘的发病中起着重要作用,检测它们的水平可为哮喘的诊断及判断病情提供依据。     

Evaluation of iron status in women with pregnancy complicated by tobacco smoking

Relatively common iron deficiency in pregnant women is assumed to be enhanced by cigarette smoking. In the presented studies we determined cotinine in serum and urine of 75 pregnant women in order to select groups of smoking women and tobacco abstinence. In the smoking group, a mean concentration of cotinine 1039 +/- 560 mg/L in serum and 1025 +/- 540 mg/L in urine were observed. For assessment of iron status we determined in serum: iron, iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin, transferrin saturation, soluble transferrin receptor and ferritin. In serum of smoking woman in comparison to non smoking, the level of ferritin and transferrin was higher but non significantly. Significant increase of TIBC (p < 0.05) and decrease of transferrin saturation (p < 0.05) was observed. Therefore iron deficiency in transport compartment can not be excluded. The concentration of soluble transferrin receptor was the same in both groups studied. However, in late pregnancy (above 27 week of gestation) ferritin concentration less than 20 mg/L of serum was observed in 70% of smoking and only in 39% of non smoking women (p < 0.05). We concluded that cigarette smoking during pregnancy did not have any effect on the entry of iron-bearing transferrin to cells mediated by soluble transferrin receptor, but affected the level of iron-storage ferritin, which leads to iron deficiency in the storage compartment (ID I).     

IL-4IL-5及IgE在儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘中的价值

目的：咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)是一种与气道炎症相关的疾病,有研究表明IL-4,IL-5与IgE的产生有相关性,而且与哮喘的形成有关,因此推测IL-4,IL-5在CVA发病中起重要作用。该文旨在观察IL-4,IL-5及IgE在咳嗽变异性哮喘中的诊断价值。方法：用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA法)检测咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿、哮喘急性发作期患儿、正常同龄儿童各30例外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)内IL-4,IL-5及血清IgE水平。结果：①咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿发作期PBMCIL-4为91.57±12.19ng/L、IL-5为13.28±0.31ng/mL,显著高于缓解期的74.68±11.54ng/L,6.53±0.28ng/mL及正常对照组70.32±18.16ng/L,5.29±0.36ng/mL,(均P<0.01),但缓解期及正常对照组间差异无统计学意义;②咳嗽变异性哮喘发作期患儿血清IgE水平为279.6±41.3KU/L,显著高于缓解期153.8±37.5KU/L,两组均显著高于正常对照组的90.6±44.8KU/L,(均P<0.01);③咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿发作期IL-4,IL-5及IgE水平与哮喘患儿发作期的92.21±3.12ng/L,15.11±1.37ng/mL,287.5±41.9KU/L之间相比差异无统计学意义。结论：联合检测单个核细胞内IL-4,IL-5及血清IgE水平对咳嗽变异性哮喘的诊断有重要价值;IL-4,IL-5可能在咳嗽变异性哮喘的发病机制中起重要作用;咳嗽变异性哮喘可能存在与哮喘相同的发病机制,是典型哮喘的前驱表现。     

The relationship between decreased iron stores, serum iron and neonatal hypoglycemia in large-for-date newborn infants

We assessed the relationship between neonatal hypoglycemia and newborn iron status in 15 hypoglycemic, large-for-date newborn infants, 12 of whom were infants of diabetic mothers. These infants had significantly lower mean serum iron concentrations, ferritin concentrations, percent iron-binding saturation and calculated iron stores, and significantly higher mean transferrin concentrations, total iron-binding capacity concentrations and mid-arm circumference:head circumference ratios when compared with either 15 euglycemic large-for-date or 15 euglycemic appropriate-for-date control infants (p less than 0.001 for all comparisons). All hypoglycemic infants had ferritin concentrations below the 5th percentile as compared to 3% of controls (p less than 0.001), and 67% had transferrin concentrations above the 95th percentile (controls: 0%; p less than 0.001). Only the hypoglycemic infants demonstrated a significant negative linear correlation between ferritin and transferrin concentrations (r = -0.83; p less than 0.001). Decreased serum iron concentrations were associated with size at birth (r = -0.60; p = 0.01) and with increased red cell iron (r = -0.60; p = 0.01), implying a redistribution of iron dependent on the degree of fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Infants with increased red cell iron had more profound neonatal hypoglycemia. These results show a significant association between decreased iron stores and neonatal hypoglycemia in macrosomic newborn infants associated with a significant shift of iron into red blood cells.