An experimental model of pseudotuberculosis infection in monkeys

An experimental model of pseudotuberculosis infection was developed usingPapio hamadryas monkeys. Clinical manifestations and some microbiological and immunological aspects of pseudotuberculosis caused by oral infection of animals are studied. The values of LD₅₀ of the pseudotuberculosis agent are established for monkeys, white mice, and guinea pigs. Oral infection of monkeys with sublethal doses ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis is found to induce a pronounced specific immunity. The efficacy of immunoblotting for serologic diagnosis of pseudotuberculosis in clinically obscure cases is demonstrated. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 59–62, July, 1994     

Regeneration of the liver after partial hepatectomy with a beam of ionized plasma

Eighty guinea pigs underwent resection of the left lateral lobe of the liver, performed with a beam of ionized plasma. Morphological analysis 32 and 45 hours after partial hepatectomy revealed minor damage to the parenchyma to a depth of 300–400 μ. Autoradiography showed proliferative activity in the organ to occur in the early post-operative period. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 431–432, April, 1995 Presented by B. T. Velichkovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Comparative morphometric and information analysis of the changes in different parts of the pancreas following ligation

The compensatory-adaptive changes in the guinea pig exocrine and endocrine pancreas following ligation are studied using morphometric and information methods. Objective criteria for evaluating organ changes are elaborated. The specific features of regeneration in exocrine and endocrine parts of the organ are described. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 86–88, January, 1995     

Morphometric analysis of the pulmonary vessels in premature neonates

In premature neonates with the respiratory distress syndrome the vessels of the pulmonary arterial system show stereotypical changes: dystonia with the predominance of vasoconstriction, a thickened muscular layer, and a narrowed lumen. A morphometric index is proposed: the coefficient of nonuniformity of the medial thickness of the vascular wall, which reflects a structural reorganization of the pulmonary vessels in different pathological processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 311–314, September, 1994 Presented by Yu. I. Borodin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Cytoarchitectonics of the striate cortex in carnivores and primates following optic tract transection

Examination of brains from Old World monkeys and cats one year after optic tract transection showed a significantly reduced density of neurons in layer IV C of area 17 (striate cortex) in the projection of central vision on the transection side in the monkeys but not in the cats. It is concluded that peripheral vision is less vulnerable to deafferentation than central vision. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 95–96, July, 1994 Presented by O. S. Adrianov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of the synthetic regulatory peptide thymohexin on the production of various classes of immunoglobulins

Some mechanisms of the immunoregulatory effect produced by the new drug thymohexin (immunophan), which contains synthetic hexapeptide as a pharmacological agent, are studied. Administration of the drug in a culture of polyclonally activated mononuclear cells from healthy donors intensifies IgM, IgG, and IgA production and inhibits IgE synthesis. Treating intact mononuclear cells with thymohexin does not significantly affect the production of immunoglobulins. The drug is found to intensify IgA synthesis in cases of genetically determined insufficiency and to suppress the production of IgE by lymphocytes in patients with atopic dermatitis. The immunoregulatory effect of the drug is shown to be mediated via cell-cell interaction in the system of transfer of thymohexin-activated mononuclears. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 10, pp. 417–420, October, 1994     

Antibodies toBacillus megaterium H. glycoprotein in pregnant women with a pathological course of pregnancy

The humoral immune response toBac. megaterium H. glycoprotein was studied in women with normal and abnormal pregnancies. The level of antibodies to bacterial glycoprotein was elevated in women with chronic foci of infection during the second and third trimesters. Elevated levels of antibodies toBac. megaterium H. reflect the presence of pathological changes in the fetus during intrauterine development and may be used as prognostic criteria of intrauterine disease. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 203–205, August, 1995 Presented by V. V. Lyakhovich, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effects of neurotropin in pain syndromes

Neurotropin is shown to hinder the development of a neuropathic pain syndrome induced in rats by sciatic nerve transection and to produce a curative effect in animals that have already developed the pain syndrome. Neurotropin does not prevent the occurrence of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats but significantly diminishes its manifestations. The observed effects of this agent are attributed to its action on different components of the pathological algetic system. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 13–16, January, 1995     

Formation of T lymphocytes inactivating allogeneic stem cells in the course of macrophage-thymocyte interaction

Allogeneic stem cells interact with T lymphocytes which are formed when intact thymocytes are cultured with syngeneic mononuclear phagocytes. The capacity of these T cells to inhibit the colony-stimulating activity of stem elements in endo- and exocolony formation tests is demonstrated. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 298–300, March, 1996 Presented by N. N. Trapeznikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Comparative study of the state of bone tissue during hormone replacement therapy and transplantation of human fetal tissues in oophorectomized women

The state of bone tissue is studied in 95 women with postoophorectomy syndrome. It is shown that fetal tissue therapy delayed the progression of the pathological process in bones and even increased bone density. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 428–430, October, 1995     

Time course of the cytotoxicity of blood mononuclears in patients with bladder cancer during endolymphatic immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killers and recombinant interleukin-2

A specific stimulation of mononuclear cellsin vivo was observed after 3 or 4 endolymphatic injections of autologous lymphokine-activated killers and recombinant interleukin-2 in male patients with disseminated bladder cancer. This activation presented as an increase of the cytotoxicity of mononuclears towards target cells of bladder carcinoma. A statistically reliable increase of natural killer activity was observed, and in one patient a reliable increase of the cytolytic activity of mononuclear cells against Mel-1 target cells. After 1 or 2 injections the activity of natural killers increased to 80–90% for an initial level of 23–50%. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 188–191, February, 1996 Presented by N. N. Trapeznikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Circulating serum interferon andits effect on the activity of human natural killer cells

The interferon content in the plasma of 6 healthy donors and 10 patients with multiple sclerosis and the effect of an 1-h treatment of mononuclear cells with autologous plasma on their natural killer activity are studiedin vitro using³H-uridine-labeled (3 μCi/ml) human erythromyeloleukosis cells K-562. The serum interferon content in healthy donors is 2.3±0.82 IU/ml, whereas that in patients is higher: 5.2±0.8 IU/ml. Autologous plasma does not affect the activity of natural killer cellsin vitro, whereas it increases the cytotoxicity of mononuclear cells obtained from patients with multiple sclerosis by 35–64%. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 619–622, December, 1994 Presented by S. V. Prozorovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of some cholinergic substances on spontaneous immunoglobulin E production by mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood in hay fever patients

The effect of carbachol, forskolin, and cycloheximide on IgE biosynthesis is studied in hay fever patients. The effect of carbachol is noted only for significant synthesis of IgEde novo. The administration of forskolin causes the inhibition of both IgE and IgG spontaneous production, while subsequent administration of carbachol neutralizes this effect. Whende novo IgE synthesis is absent, the degradation of IgE in the culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells decreases significantly in the presence of cycloheximide. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 508–509, May, 1994     

The immunogenic properties of some fractions of pasteurella pestis

Summary It was established that nucleic acids (NA) ofP. pestis possess a specific property of stimulating the immunity in guinea pigs and monkeys in conjoint administration with the live EB vaccine. Conjoint immunization with the live vaccine and NA protected the animals against experimental bubonic (guinea pigs) and pulmonary plague (monkeys). NA ofP. pestis causes no marked immunity in the animals without the live vaccine. Nucleoprotein (NP) and fraction I ofP. pestis, as well as killed microbes of the EB strain, sodium nucleate, and NA ofBr. melitensis, administered together with the live vaccine caused no stimulating effect on the formation of plague immunity in guinea pigs. Fraction I and NA ofP. pestis, as well as sodium nucleate, obtained from yeast in doses and ratios to the live vaccine, depressed the development of immunity to this injection in guinea pigs.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 77–80, January 1963     

Fibronectin as a compensating factor in the natural cytotoxicity system in interferon-dependent immunodeficiency

The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells (NK) against³H-uridine-labeled target cells (TC, human erythromyeloleukosis cells K-562) and the intensity of conjugate formation in the NK:TC system in the presence of γ-interferon, C-reactive protein, and human fibronectin are studiedin vitro in 14 patients with multiple sclerosis. It is shown that γ-interferon and C-reactive protein decrease the cytotoxic activity of NK with a simultaneous stimulation of conjugate formation in the NK:TC system. The correlation between the studied parameters becomes weaker. Human fibronectin induces collateral changes in the activity of NK and in the number of effector:target conjugates formed in the natural cytotoxicity reaction. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 67–70, July, 1994     

Decreased sensitivity of adenylate cyclase to sodium ions in lymphocytes of patients with arterial hypertension

Patients with arterial hypertension showed decreased sensitivity of isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase of mononuclear lymphocytes toward sodium ions compared with normotensive donors. Ouabain, an inhibitor of Na,K-ATPase, increased the half-maximal inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by sodium ions in the cells of healthy subjects and did not change enzyme sensitivity to sodium in the lymphocytes of hypertensive patients. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 206–207, August, 1995 Presented by V. N. Smirnov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of semax heptapeptide on the human electroencephalogram

The effect of the new regulatory peptide Semax (ACTH_4–10 fragment) on the electroencephalogram of a healthy person was studied. Semax was administered at 0.5 mg/kg intranasally in 9 volunteers without causing any nervous system pathology. The control group comprised 6 examinees treated in the same way with distilled water. The effect of Semax manifested itself on the electroencephalogram as a boost of biopotential strength in all ranges but especially in that of the α-rhythm, the zonal differences of which were enhanced, without any pathological signs being evident. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp. 116–117, January, 1996 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ultrastructural manifestation of compensatory and destructive processes of the cell surface of endotheliocytes in trauma of the skeletal muscle

In trauma of the skeletal muscle the activation of the cell surface of endotheliocytes acquires a pathological pattern. Enhanced microvilli formation and clasmatosis lead to the formation of free emboli, which results in complete occlusion of the lumen of some vessels. Enhanced formation of microvilli leads to depletion of endotheliocytes, formation of transcellular channels, and necrosis of the vascular wall. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 212–216, August, 1994     

Distribution of immunoregulatory carbohydrate receptors for lectins on membranes of neurons and syngeneic peripheral lymphocytes

Common immunoregulatory carbohydrate receptors on the membranes of neurons and sysngeneic peripheral lymphocytes of mice are detected by using lectins. Brain neuron membranes possess no receptors characteristic of immature lymphocytes. The common immunoregulatory receptors on brain neurons and mononuclear cells of peripheral immune organs are shown to represent one the mechanisms of integration of the nervous and immune systems. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 155–157, February, 1994 Presented by A. P. Romodanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Experimental treatment of habitual abortion of adrenal etiology by transplantation of a tissue culture of newborn pig adrenals

Transplantation of an adrenal tissue culture from newborn pigs was performed in patients with habitual abortions. The advantages of this method as compared to the traditional treatment with adrenocortical hormones consist in the absence of effects on the fetus and of side effects in pregnant women. Monitoring of the serum level of adrenocortical hormones is not required. Healthy children were born to 22 patients out of 23. Three clinical cases are described. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 4, pp. 389–391, April, 1994