浅谈图书馆如何开展参考咨询服务

实行参考咨询服务是图书馆适应新时期读者要求、提高自身服务能力和服务水平的必然选择.本文对高职院校图书馆如何实行参考咨询服务,提高图书馆办馆效益进行了探讨.     

网络环境下的图书馆工作

网络环境下图书馆的建设和发展要求图书馆工作人员要更新图书馆工作的传统观念,明确图书馆工作的发展目标,提高图书馆工作人员的整体素质,增强图书馆工作人员为读者和用户提供各种信息服务的能力,开展文献信息管理科学研究的能力。     

全方位提高医院图书馆员的素质

医院图书馆人员的素质是医院图书馆事业发展的基础。本文论述了医院图书馆馆员的素质状况,提出了全方位提高馆员素质的方法和途径,从而更有力地推进医院图书馆事业的发展。     

试论医院图书馆人性化的服务和馆员素质

随着人类社会的不断进步,人民生活质量的不断提高,图书馆事业也越来越发达,功能也越来越拓展。医院图书馆作为医学知识的集中地,在竞争越来越激烈的知识经济时代,显示出其特殊的作用和功能。医院图书馆是医务人员学习、提高业务水平和从事学术活动的课堂。医院图书馆的读者工作     

科研院所图书馆目前状况及发展对策探讨

通过调查分析目前山东省科研院所图书馆状况,提出科研院所图书馆向研究型发展,一方面借鉴IC服务模式,提高服务质量和服务水平,一方面以学术出成果,扩大图书馆影响和地位。     

医学数据库应用与图书馆内涵建设

医院图书馆是专门为广大医务工作者提供获取信息和知识更新的重要平台,传统的"借还模式"已经不能满足需要,图书馆应通过增加服务项目,提供个性化服务,才能真正提高图书馆的作用和地位,取得更多的理解和支持,使图书馆进入良性发展轨道。本文依靠图书馆数据库资源,对期刊论文发表情况进行统计分析,有利于了解医院科研水平和科研能力建设水平,是图书馆内涵建设的初步探索。     

浅谈如何提高医学图书馆员的综合素质

阐述了在当代医学图书馆馆员应具备的综合索质，介绍医学图书馆馆员如何提高自身素质、专业知识水平和技能，成为掌握多学科现代化图书馆的人才。     

从抱怨声中挖掘读者需求

图书馆妥善处理读者抱怨，重视分析读者抱怨信息和分析后解决实际问题，能有效地提高读者满意度和忠诚度，有利于提高图书馆服务质量和服务水平。本文从分析读者产生抱怨的原因和带来的后果入手，提出图书馆处理读者抱怨的有效方法。     

公平理论对医院图书馆激励作用的现实意义

文章通过公平理论的激励机制讨论，阐述其对医院图书馆激励作用的现实意义．公平合理的薪酬分配能调动图书馆人员的积极性，提高图书馆人员为临床科研服务的热情。     

医院图书馆服务适时思路

作为现代医学知识搜集、存贮、传播的中心,医院图书馆是通过服务运作管理来实现其功能和价值的。信息时代,如何提高自身的服务管理水平,不断满足读者日益增长的文化需求,实现可持续发展,是图书馆必须认真对待和积极研究的问题。本文认为,要解决上述问题,图书馆未来的发展必须紧紧抓住服务这根主线,引入人本管理的理念,实现图书馆服务的再造和优化,以构建和谐图书馆。     

人体生命科学馆作为“三生教育”基地模式的探讨

目的探讨以人体生命科学馆作为实践教育基地的“三生教育”模式,为更好的开展大学生“三生教育”探索新的思路和方法。方法在我校公共卫生学院2010-2012级新生入学教育中,把人体生命科学馆作为实践教育基地开展“三生教育”活动,并进行问卷调查。结果85．7％的人觉得“三生教育”的开展应该理论与实践结合;87．6％的人认为把人体生命科学馆作为“三生教育”实践基地,是一种新的“三生教育”模式,具有较好的效果。结论以人体生命科学馆作为实践教育基地的“三生教育”模式加深学生个人对生命价值和意义的理解,为“三生教育”活动的开展提供较好的思路和方法。     

The cholesterol controversy and health education: a response to the critics

The rapid pace of cholesterol reduction initiatives has given rise to considerable controversy regarding the scientific basis for mass efforts to lower blood cholesterol and the proposed guidelines for treatment. This article summarizes the key criticisms in the cholesterol controversy and identifies responses that have been given, as well as emerging perspectives. The issues are summarized in four categories: the science base, translation of the science into clinical medicine, misuse of the cholesterol issue to serve profit motives, and public health policy regarding allocation of resources for prevention. It is important for health and patient educators to be aware of the criticisms, to appreciate their origins and to understand the available responses in order to be effective agents for chronic disease risk reduction.     

Rol de la gestión educativa estratégica en la gestión del conocimiento,la ciencia,la tecnología y la innovación en la educación superior

The integration of knowledge management, science, technology and innovation as an educational management strategy at the university level has removed the old boundaries between research, post-graduate studies and university extension courses. The aim of this study is present the harmonisation of strategic educational management practices in the integration of knowledge management, science, technology and innovation in higher education.This strategic approach is currently being introduced into the management of many Ecuadorian universities. As it is continually gaining strength, it also requires continuous improvement. To meet these new requirements demands promoting knowledge generation, increasing scientific leadership of the country and its institutions, and encouraging the generation of new opportunities for university management or strategic direction that gives prominence to one of its main components: strategic planning. Harmonising strategic educational management practices in the integration of knowledge management, science, technology and innovation, due to current international requirements arising from UNESCO guidelines. These have a strong influence in higher education and call for the resolution of problems which still persist and become distant from the developing of a strategic culture.     

The effects of feedback signal and model signal on heart rate changes (author's transl)]

An attempt was made to modify heart rate by presenting the Ss: E1-visual feedback and model signals, E2-feedback signals, E3-model signals, or C-no signals as a control group (6 Ss in each group). Model signal was a weak light which flickered at the rate of 20% above or below the pre-stimulus base IBI. All groups were required to either raise or lower HR alternately and E1 group was instructed to synchronize the feedback signal with the model signal. Significant bidirectional HR changes were found in 3 experimental groups and most effective changes were obtained in E1 group. In the second study, extended training to one S with E1 condition resulted in HR increases of 16 bpm and decreases of 9 bpm.     

Implementation science for the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS

Implementation science is the scientific study of methods to promote the integration of research findings and evidence-based interventions into health care policy and practice and hence to improve the quality and effectiveness of health services and care. Implementation science is distinguished from monitoring and evaluation by its emphasis on the use of the scientific method. The origins of implementation science include operations research, industrial engineering, and management science. Today, implementation science encompasses a broader range of methods and skills including decision science and operations research, health systems research, health outcomes research, health and behavioral economics, epidemiology, statistics, organization and management science, finance, policy analysis, anthropology, sociology, and ethics. Examples of implementation science research are presented for HIV prevention (prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, male circumcision) and HIV and drug use (syringe distribution, treating drug users with antiretroviral therapy and opioid substitution therapy). For implementation science to become an established field in HIV/AIDS research, there needs to be better coordination between funders of research and funders of program delivery and greater consensus on scientific research approaches and standards of evidence.     

鼻窦和鼻颅底手术解剖的历史与进展

当今时代,鼻窦与鼻颅底外科手术技术不断发展和更新,这是数百年来解剖学进步带来的成果。随着科技和医学日新月异的进步,鼻窦与鼻颅底手术解剖的理论和技术还在持续发展。我们在文中回顾了鼻窦与鼻颅底解剖的历史与进展,从大体解剖、显微镜和内镜解剖、影像学与虚拟现实解剖等角度对相关内容进行综述。     

Physicians' professional responsibility to improve the quality of care.

Physicians have long recognized a professional responsibility to improve the quality of care. However, that responsibility should be evolving in light of developments in both the science of quality improvement and the ethical base of professionalism. Over the last 30 years, quality science has moved from static/structural measures to a much more sophisticated set of outcome and process issues. It has also self-consciously integrated notions of continuous improvement. The ethical base of professionalism is also more dynamic, today emphasizing the policy activist attributes of so-called civic professionalism. The combination of modern quality measurement/improvement and activist professionalism is a virtual call to arms for the profession to advocate care that is systematically better. Recent developments in the domain of quality dealing with medical errors can be used to illustrate this synergy, and provide a set of mandates for the new professional commitment to quality.     

Evidence-based medicine applied to cervical cancer

All too frequently current healthcare is characterised by non evidence based practice, variation in practice, inadequate outcome data, inequality of access to optimal treatment and ultimately a lack of evidence base. By developing a culture of evidence based medicine some of these shortcomings could be addressed. In trying to develop a true assessment of evidence, we have to confront a huge literature, much of which does not inform clinical effectiveness which is a key underpinning of an evidence base. It is necessary to adopt methodologically sound protocols as well as a systematic approach to weighing the evidence. In general informative studies should specify the population studied, the intervention, with what it is being compared, and relevant clinical outcomes. It is clear that randomised controlled trials (RCTs) will carry most weight in terms of reducing outcome bias. The Cochrane Collaboration is an international collaboration dedicated to the science of systematic reviews and meta analysis. It functions through a process of peer review of Title of Review, Proposed Protocol, Completed Review with eventual publication in the electronic Cochrane Library. There is an active Cochrane Collaborative Review Group in Gynaecological Cancer. As far as evidence for the effective management of cervical cancer is concerned, the strongest evidence would relate to the effectiveness of concurrent chemoradiation for treating locally advanced disease compared with radiation alone.     

知识模式转换在医学科技创新中的作用

医学科技创新是医院赖以生存与发展的动力,医学科技创新的过程也是医学知识模式不断转换的过程,本文从知识模式转换的视角,探讨知识管理对医学科技创新的意义与作用     

The future of 'pure' medical science: the need for a new specialist professional research system

Over recent decades, medical research has become mostly an 'applied' science which implicitly aims at steady progress by an accumulation of small improvements, each increment having a high probability of validity. Applied medical science is, therefore, a social system of communications for generating pre-publication peer-reviewed knowledge that is ready for implementation. However, the need for predictability makes modern medical science risk-averse and this is leading to a decline in major therapeutic breakthroughs where new treatments for new diseases are required. There is need for the evolution of a specialized professional research system of pure medial science, whose role would be to generate and critically evaluate radically novel and potentially important theories, techniques, therapies and technologies. Pure science ideas typically have a lower probability of being valid, but the possibility of much greater benefit if they turn out to be true. The domination of medical research by applied criteria means that even good ideas from pure medical science are typically ignored or summarily rejected as being too speculative. Of course, radical and potentially important ideas may currently be published, but at present there is no formal mechanism by which pure science publications may be received, critiqued, evaluated and extended to become suitable for 'application'. Pure medical science needs to evolve to constitute a typical specialized scientific system of formal communications among a professional community. The members of this putative profession would interact via close research groupings, journals, meetings, electronic and web communications--like any other science. Pure medical science units might arise as elite grouping linked to existing world-class applied medical research institutions. However, the pure medical science system would have its own separate aims, procedures for scientific evaluation, institutional organization, funding and support arrangements; and a separate higher-professional career path with distinctive selection criteria. For instance, future leaders of pure medical science institutions would need to be selected on the basis of their specialized cognitive aptitudes and their record of having generated science-transforming ideas, as well as their research management skills. Pure medical science would work most effectively and efficiently if practiced in many independent and competing institutions in several different countries. The main 'market' for pure medical science would be the applied medical scientists, who need radical strategies to solve problems which are not yielding to established methods. The stimulus to create such elite pure medical science institutions might come from the leadership of academic 'entrepreneurs' (for instance, imaginative patrons in the major funding foundations), or be triggered by a widespread public recognition of the probable exhaustion of existing applied medical science approaches to solving major therapeutic challenges.