重症肺炎链球菌感染患儿淋巴细胞亚群与血清免疫球蛋白及其亚类表达的变化

目的 探讨重症肺炎链球菌感染患儿淋巴细胞亚群与血清免疫球蛋白及IgG亚类水平的变化.方法 收集2009年1月-2010年1月在首都儿科研究所呼吸科住院的27例重症肺炎链球菌肺炎婴幼儿为病例组,65例健康儿童为健康对照组.分别采用流式细胞仪与散射比浊法测定二组儿童细胞免疫(CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、CD19+、NK细胞)与体液免疫(IgG、IgA、IgM)及IgG亚类(IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4)水平.结果 1.与健康对照组比较,病例组患儿外周血CD3+CD4+数量降低(t=0.000,P<0 05),CD3+CD8+(t=0.000,P<0.05)、CD4+/CD8+(t=0.013,P<0.05)、IgA(t=0.004,P<0.05)、IgM(t=0.000,P<0.05)、IgG2(t=0.018,P<0.05)显著升高.2.病例组患儿中检出IgG亚类缺陷11例(占40.74%),以IgG2、IgG4缺陷为主.3.与健康对照组比较,11例IgG亚类缺陷患儿CD3+CD4+(t=0.006,P<0.05)、CD4+/CD8+(t=0.015,P<0.05)均显著降低,CD3+CD8+(t=0.013,P<0.05)、NK细胞计数(t=0.045,P<0.05)均显著升高.结论 重症肺炎链球菌感染患儿存在细胞免疫和体液免疫紊乱以及IgG亚类缺陷.     

儿童反复呼吸道感染与血清免疫球蛋白G亚类及IgA亚类缺陷

目的 探讨儿童反复呼吸道感染（RRTI）的病因。方法 采用径向免疫扩散法检测血清免疫球蛋白（Ig）G亚类、IgA亚类和T细胞亚群的变化。选择RRTI患儿42例与同年龄的健康儿童以配对方式进行对照观察。结果 RRTI组检出IgG亚类缺陷20例，占47．62％，以IgG2，以IgG2和IgG4缺陷为主；IgA亚类缺陷17例，占40．47％，以IgA1缺陷为主；CD3^ 、CD4^ 细胞及CD4^ /CD8^ 显著低于对照组，P均＜0．001。结论 IgG、IgA亚类缺陷是儿童RRTI的主要原因之一。     

反复呼吸道感染儿童细胞免疫与体液免疫状况

目的探讨反复呼吸道感染（RRI）患儿细胞与体液免疫状况,为临床进行免疫治疗提供依据。方法用流式细胞仪对23例RRI患儿进行外周血淋巴细胞亚群检测;同时进行免疫球蛋白（IgA、IgG、IgM）及补体C3、C4水平检测。结果与健康人群比较,RRI患儿血清IgG及IgA各有1例降低,血清IgM降低7例;补体C3降低3例,C4降低1例。RRI患儿外周血CD8较健康对照组明显增高（P=0）,CD4/CD8较健康对照组明显降低（P=0.002）。结论RRI患儿存在体液免疫功能降低,细胞免疫功能失调亦非常显著。     

反复呼吸道感染儿血清β-胡萝卜素、维生素A、E含量与免疫功能的关系

探讨反复呼吸道感染（RRYI）患儿血清β-胡萝卜素（β-CT）、维生素A（VA）、维生素E（VE）与免疫功能关系。方法采用高效液相色谱Miller改良法测定RRTI患儿血清β-CT、VA、VE含量，散射比浊法测定IgA、IgG、IgM，用McAb－ApAAp法测定外周血T淋巴细胞亚群，并与健康儿童对比。结果RRTI血清β-CT、VA含量明显低于对照组（P＜0．001）；RRTI血清IgA水平与β-CT、VA含量是显著正相关（r=0．347～0．441P<0．05）；RRTI组外周血CD 3；降低，CD 8增多，CD 4／CD 8比值降低，与对照组相比有显著差异性（P<0．001）。结论β-CT、VA缺乏时体液免疫和细胞免疫功能均降低，β-CT、VA缺乏可能是导致RRTI的重要原因。     

病毒性心肌炎患儿免疫状况的研究

目的：探讨病毒性心肌炎 (VMC)患儿在细胞免疫、体液免疫和自身免疫方面的改变,从而指导免疫治疗。方法：用流式细胞技术分别测定 30例急性期、2 2例迁延期VMC患儿及30例对照的血清CD2 3,CD3/HLA DR,用比浊法测IgG,IgA和IgM。 结果：VMC患儿急性期、迁延期的CD2 3,IgG ,IgA ,IgM及CD3+ /HLA -DR+,CD3-/HLA -DR+ 细胞比例均高于正常对照组 (P均 <0 .0 1)。VMC患儿CD2 3和IgG ,IgA ,IgM呈正相关 (r分别=0.30,0.17,0.40,P<0.0 5),而急性期、迁延期VMC患儿的CD3+ /HLA DR-细胞表达率与正常对照组相比均无明显差异 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。迁延期患儿的各项指标和急性期相比无明显差异(P均>0.05)。结论：病毒性心肌炎患儿急性期、迁延期的细胞免疫、体液免疫均处于增强状态,提示细胞免疫、体液免疫可能参与了VMC患儿的心肌损伤。     

高敏C-反应蛋白与免疫功能检测在肺炎支原体肺炎中的意义

目的探讨高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)联合免疫功能检测在儿童肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)中的临床意义。方法选取单纯MPP患儿103例,分为全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)组47例和非SIRS组56例,另取26例健康儿童作为对照组,检测hs-CRP、体液免疫指标及细胞免疫指标。结果 SIRS组和非SIRS组的血清hs-CRP、IgG、IgM、CD8+水平显著高于对照组,而IgA、CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);SIRS组的hs-CRP、IgG显著高于非SIRS组,而IgA、CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平则显著低于非SIRS组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);SIRS组和非SIRS组的IgM与CD8+水平的差异则无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 MPP患儿的体液免疫及细胞免疫功能均有紊乱,且与病情有关;hs-CRP有助于判断儿童MPP病情程度。     

反复呼吸道感染患儿T细胞亚群、免疫球蛋白及Th极化的临床研究

目的 探讨反复呼吸道感染(recurrent respiratory tract infection,RRTI)患儿T细胞亚群、免疫球蛋白的变化及Th细胞的极化状态.方法 采用流式细胞仪、快速免疫比浊法及双抗体夹心ABC-ELISA法,对28例RRTI患儿及26例正常对照组儿童T细胞亚群、免疫球蛋白及Th细胞的极化状态进行检测.结果 RRTI患儿T细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+的百分含量及CD4+/CD8+比值分别为(59.84±3.31)％、(28.96±3.19)％及1.05 ±0.15,均明显低于正常对照组儿童[(63.55±3.53)％、(32.74±3.25)％、1.20±0.16)](P＜0.01),CD8+的百分含量为(26.51 ±2.23)％,则明显高于正常对照组儿童(24.62±2.14)％(P＜0.01).RRTI患儿IgG、IgA含量分别为(9.13±1.28) g/L、(1.02±0.19) g/L,均显著低于正常对照组儿童[(10.68±1.71) g/L、(1.22 ±0.21) g/L](P＜0.01),而IgM含量两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).RRTI患儿IFN-γ为(6.93±1.69) pg/ml,显著低于正常对照组儿童[(19.07 ±1.82) pg/ml] (P ＜0.01);而IL-4含量两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 RRTI患儿存在细胞免疫、体液免疫功能紊乱以及Th细胞的极化异常,可能是引起RRTI和病程迁延不愈的原因之一.     

手术治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患儿免疫功能的影响

目的 研究扁桃体加腺样体切除术治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患儿免疫功能的影响.方法以37例OSAHS患儿为研究对象,采用流式细胞仪分别检测术前、术后(3、30d)OSAHS患儿外周血各T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3 、CD4 、CD8 );特定蛋白仪检测其抗体IgA、IgG、IgM水平,并将结果进行统计学分析.结果 术后3d CD3 、CD4 、CD4 /CD8 值明显低于手术前(Pа<0.05),抗体IgA、IgG、IgM水平与术前比较无显著性差异(Pа>0.05);术后30d CD3 、CD4 、CD4 /CD8 水平明显高于术前(Pа<0.05),抗体IgA、Igc、IgM与术前比较无显著性差异(Pа>0.05).结论 手术治疗儿童OSAHS,术后患儿短期细胞免疫功能有所下降,随后细胞免疫功能逐渐恢复正常,而体液免疫则受影响不明显.     

过敏性紫癜患儿外周血免疫学指标变化的意义

目的探讨过敏性紫癜(HSP)患儿T细胞亚群、免疫球蛋白变化及其临床意义。方法采用全自动生化分析仪和流式细胞仪(FCM)对40例HSP患儿和15例健康对照组儿童测定血清IgA、IgM、IgG、C3和CD3、CD4、CD8、CD19。结果与健康对照组比较,HSP患儿血清IgA、IgM、水平明显增高,而IgG则明显降低(Pa<0.05),外周血CD3、CD4、CD19细胞水平明显降低(Pa<0.05)。结论HSP患儿存在免疫功能紊乱,表现在T辅助细胞功能低下,而体液免疫指标中IgA、IgM及C3异常增高。     

轮状病毒性肠炎合并肠道外感染患儿免疫功能状态研究

目的 探讨轮状病毒(rotavirus,RV)性肠炎合并肠道外感染患儿细胞及体液免疫功能状态.方法 应用流式细胞仪对30例轮状病毒性肠炎合并肠道外感染患儿(观察组)进行外周血淋巴细胞亚群检测,同时检测免疫球蛋白Iga、IgG、IgM,并与同期30例正常婴幼儿进行对照.结果 与对照组相比,观察组患儿急性期CD4 明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),CD8 高于对照组(P＜0.05),CD3 差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),CD4 /CD8 比值明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);IgA、IgM水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).IgG两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 免疫功能紊乱与RV多系统播散可能存在一定关系.     

抗-D免疫球蛋白与大剂量静脉丙种球蛋白治疗儿童急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的meta分析

目的比较静脉注射抗-D免疫球蛋白（anti-D immunoglobulin,anti-D）与大剂量静脉注射免疫球蛋白（IVIG）治疗儿童急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）的有效性及安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase和Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials。手工查阅计算机检索到的文献的参考文献目录。选取治疗72 h后血小板计数>20×109/L的百分率和血红蛋白下降值作为主要测量指标。采用RevMan 5.1对纳入文献进行meta分析。结果共检索到相关文献771篇,有5篇文献符合纳入标准。治疗72 h后anti-D组与IVIG组血小板计数>20×109/L比较差异有统计学意义（RR=0.90,95%CI：0.82～0.98）;亚组分析,anti-D 50μg/kg与IVIG比较,75μg/kg与IVIG比较,差异均无统计学意义（RR=0.98,95%CI：0.84～1.13;RR=0.88,95%CI：0.75～1.03）。anti-D组血红蛋白下降更明显,但患者均不需要输注悬浮红细胞。结论静脉注射anti-D治疗儿童急性ITP的疗效可能与大剂量IVIG相同。患者对anti-D的不良反应耐受性良好。     

Clinical trial of sulfonated immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous administration

S-sulfonated -globulin (GGS), derived from human -globulin by selective sulfonation, retains the dimensional structure and antibody activity of 7S -globulin. GGS does not bind with complement, and is therefore suitable for intravenous administration. Fc activity is recovered through in vivo conversion to intact globulin following IV administration.A total of 414 administrations of GGS was made to 48 patients with primary immunodeficiency syndrome. The frequency of episodes of fever, cough, and infections suffered by these patients who had been treated with other globulin preparations for about one year before the administration of GGS was compared with that following replacement GGS therapy for about one year. Symptomatic relief on administration of GGS was confirmed to be excellent.The administration of 100 mg/kg/BW of GGS resulted in the IgG level rising to 220 mg/dl, with a decrease to 100 mg/dl after one week. The IgG level at two weeks was 70 mg/dl. It is possible to maintain an IgG level of 200 mg/dl by administration of 100 mg/kg/BW of GGS once every 3–4 weeks.     

静脉注射人免疫球蛋白在新生儿感染性疾病中的应用

静脉注射人免疫球蛋白(intravenous immunoglobulin,IVIG)是含有多价抗原特异性的IgG抗体,具有广谱抗病毒、细菌及其他病原体等多种功能。新生儿特别是早产儿体内IgG水平低,容易发生各种类型的感染,IVIG能迅速提高血液中IgG水平,增强机体抗感染和免疫调节功能,作为一种常规的辅助治疗措施,在...     

Oral immunoglobulin treatment in Crohn's disease

Two patients with severe Crohn's disease who failed to respond to traditional medical treatment were given immunoglobulin orally. We used the 6-h urinary recovery of a mixture of polyethyleneglycols PEG 400 and 1000 (molecular weight range 282–1250 Da) to test the intestinal permeability. Both patients showed a similar permeability pattern with an increased leakage of large-sized PEGs before treatment and a lower urinary recovery of probes after treatment with immunoglobulin. This might indicate that the inflammatory process in Crohn's disease can be affected from the luminal side of the mucosa.     

静脉注射免疫球蛋白治疗儿童格林—巴利综合征的临床研究

目的：探讨大剂量静脉注射免疫球蛋白（IVIG）治疗儿童格林－巴利综合征（GBS）的有效性和安全性。方法：对符合GBS诊断的54例随机分为3组,分别给予IVIG、新鲜血浆和皮质激素治疗,并对疗效进行对比观察。结果：IVIG治疗组在控制病情进展方面明显优于新鲜血浆和皮质激素组（P＜0．05和P＜0．01）;在呼吸肌麻痹、球麻痹的恢复和肌力提高的时间上亦明显提前于别两组（P＜0．05和P＜0．01）。IVIG可提高重症GBS患儿机体的免疫力,减少继发感染,并缩短疗程。结论：IVIG治疗儿童GBS是一种安全有效的方法。     

Prophylaxis of intravenous immunoglobulin and acyclovir in perinatal varicella

Maternal chickenpox around the time of delivery can cause severe and even fatal illness in the newborn but an effectively preventive method has not yet been established. We proposed that a combination of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and acyclovir (ACV) intravenously could effectively prevent perinatal varicella. A group of 24 newborn infants whose mother had developed a varicella rash within 14 days before and after delivery were studied. Some 15 infants whose mothers' rash appeared within 7 days before and 5 days after delivery were categorised as an at-risk group and received IVIG prophylaxis (500 mg/kg) administered soon after birth or post-natal contact either alone or with intravenous acyclovir (5 mg/kg every 8 h) for a total of 5 days starting from 7 days after the onset of maternal rash. Of four infants receiving IVIG alone, two developed clinical varicella. None of ten infants receiving both IVIG and ACV contracted varicella. One infant receiving ACV alone had no varicella vesicles either. Of nine infants in the not at-risk group four had undetectable varicella-zoster virus antibody on admission and developed clinical varicella subsequently. Conclusion The combination of intravenous immunoglobulin given soon after birth and prophylactic acyclovir intravenously administered 7 days after the onset of maternal rash can effectively prevent perinatal varicella. Received: 16 February 2000 / Accepted: 2 August 2000     

Detection of neutrophil-associated immunoglobulin using flow cytometry in autoimmune neutropenia of infancy

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune neutropenia of infancy (ANI) is a common form of chronic childhood neutropenia, which is caused by antineutrophil antibodies. The syndrome is characterized by a severe selective neutropenia accompanied with recurrent bacterial infections. METHODS: We investigated 10 ANI patients in our hospital. Neutropenia in ANI patients was found in patients aged between 9 and 19 months. They had no life-threatening infections and their infections episode could be controlled by the conventional antibiotic therapy in general. The correlation of absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) and neutrophil-associated immunoglobulin (NAIg) levels in each case was analyzed and their clinical courses followed. RESULTS: The NAIg levels were high in all cases at the diagnosis, however, they had no relationship with ANC. The severity of infection and the period of neutropenia in our patients have no correlation to NAIg levels either. In our four cases, neutropenia disappeared after a median of 26 months (range, 18-29 months). The periods of neutropenia were nearly similar to previous reports. After the NAIg level began to wane, neutrophil counts increased in four patients whose neutrophil counts had recovered finally. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of NAIg is useful for the diagnosis, and the observation of changes in NAIg may be helpful one by one for prediction of the prognosis.     

Anti-D immunoglobulin in the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Anti-D was evaluated in 8 RhD positive patients (6 males, 2 females) aged 2–21 years (mean 10 years) with idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP). Five patients with chronic ITP and 3 patients with acute ITP were administered Anti-D in the dosage of 50 ug/kg intramuscularly (IM) for 3 consecutive days. One patient of chronic ITP received two courses of Anti-D. Patients were followed up for 7 to 16 months (mean 9 months). All three cases of acute ITP had a complete response and are in remission between 3 to 12 months of follow up. Two of five cases of chronic ITP had a partial response. Rise in platelet count was observed within 72–124 hours, and duration of response varied between 10 to 15 days. None of these patients had any significant side effects of anti-D immunoglobulin therapy. Intramuscular administration of anti-D is safe, effective and low cost alternative to IVlgG in the treatment of acute ITP.     

Biphasic rise of serum immunoglobulins G and A and sex influence on serum immunoglobulin M in normal Chinese children

A study was conducted on 751 healthy children from child health clinics, kindergartens and schools, and 80 normal adults to establish reference ranges for serum immunoglobulins (Ig) G, A and M concentrations in normal Chinese. Serum IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations were determined by nephelometry. Serum IgG and IgA were shown to have a significant rise during the preschool age as well as at puberty with a plateau phase in between. This biphasic maturation profile has not been reported in Caucasians and the reasons for the observed difference have yet to be elucidated. Serum IgM concentrations were shown to be higher in females than in males, reaching significance in most age groups beyond 4 years of age. The difference between the two sexes in Chinese was of similar magnitude as that reported for Blacks and Caucasians, that is, 30%. Our findings support the hypothesis that the human X chromosome may carry quantitative genes for IgM.