初中生健康素养干预效果评价

目的 了解干预前后初中生健康素养相关知识、理念、行为、技能的改变,为开展针对性健康教育和行为干预提供依据.方法 按照分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取南京市某区3所中学初一至初三的在校学生(干预前486名,干预后504名)作为研究对象.干预前后分别进行健康素养问卷调查,评价干预效果.结果 干预后,初中生健康知识与理念正确率由36.68％提高到80.32％,行为形成率由38.79％提高到76.7％,基本健康技能的掌握率由17.61％提高到55.51％;除正确的读写姿势外,其余各题目干预前与干预后差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).结论 学校健康教育干预能有效提高学生健康知识知晓率,建立良好的行为习惯,促进基本健康技能的掌握.     

基于健康信念模式的健康教育对社区高血压患者的干预效果评价

目的评价基于健康信念模式的健康教育对社区高血压患者血压控制的干预效果。方法于2016年9月至2017年9月以北京市顺义区人口规模和医疗卫生条件相当的6家社区卫生服务中心为研究现场,招募400例新近诊断的高血压患者,以社区为单位,采用整群随机分组将研究对象分为干预组(206例)和对照组(194例)。对干预组进行3次20~30 min基于健康信念模式的健康教育,对照组仅接受常规护理。干预前后分别收集两组研究对象的基本情况、健康素养和健康信念等信息,并进行血压测量。采用双重差分模型分析两组对象干预前后的血压变化及影响因素。结果干预组和对照组中完成研究的患者分别为134和129例。调整年龄、性别、家庭月收入、医疗保险、常见慢性病、高血压家族史等因素后,干预使健康信念的感知服药障碍维度得分提高了1.65分(P=0.016),感知高血压严重性维度得分下降了0.73分(P=0.018)。干预使高血压患者收缩压下降了7.37 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),舒张压下降了4.07 mmHg,β(95%CI)值分别为-7.37(-11.88,-2.86)、-4.07(-7.30,-0.84)。健康信念的感知高血压易感性和自我效能维度对患者血压变化的影响有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论基于健康信念模式的健康教育可明显改善社区高血压患者的血压水平。     

宁波农村与流动人口子弟学校初中生健康教育干预效果比较

《国务院关于基础教育改革与发展的决定》要求对流动人口子女教育"以流入地区政府管理为主,以全日制公办中小学为主"[1].但由于多种原因,一些流动人口子女进入了各方面条件较差的流动人口子弟学校,使其不能受到和城市公办学校同等质量的教育.     

某军校食堂从业人员卫生知识与行为干预效果评价

近年来,由于学校集体用餐场所从业人员卫生知识缺乏,导致食物污染、学生集体食物中毒的事件时有发生,已引起社会的普遍关注.军校因为其管理的严格性,学生没有太多机会外出就餐,因而军校食堂担负的责任比普通大学更大.为了解某军校食堂从业人员卫生知识现状,寻求最佳健康教育内容和方式,笔者于2006年9至11月根据态度·支持·强化(PRECEDE)健康教育模式开展了卫生知识培训,并进行了有关知识、态度和行为的近期效果评价.     

广州市中小学生近视健康教育干预效果研究

目的了解广州市海珠区中、小学学生近视健康教育干预效果,为全区近视防治提供基础资料。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,进行为期1年的健康教育干预。干预方式主要是派发宣传资料、举办讲座、健康教育课等。结果经过干预,初中学生对核心健康知识认知率由56.64%上升到70.16%(P<0.01);小学生由49.04%上升到64.98%(P<0.01)。在近视不良行为方面,小学生由22.54%上升到33.30%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在学习环境方面,认为家里灯光亮度正合适的中学生由干预前的77.90%下降为58.60%(P<0.05),认为课桌椅高度刚好合适的小学生由干预前95.80%下降到89.30%(P<0.05)。近视的中学生中,坚持戴眼镜的由22.90%上升到56.30%(P<0.05);小学生中,坚持戴眼镜的由5.00%上升到31.30%(P<0.05)。结论短期健康教育干预可以有效提高学生近视健康知识知晓率,但对近视危险行为、学习环境改进、过度用眼和患病率影响作用不明显。     

同伴教育对中小学生青春期知识信念行为干预效果评价

目的 分析同伴教育干预模式对改善中小学生青春期知识信念行为的效果,为探讨适宜的健康教育方法提供依据.方法 采用非等同比较组设计方法抽取重庆市綦江区2个乡镇,随机分为干预组和对照组,每个乡镇选取1所小学四至五年级和1所中学七至八年级的全体学生作为研究对象,干预组685名,对照组821名,干预组接受为期1年的同伴教育.采用...     

北京市东城区中小学生预防近视相关知信行调查

目的了解学生预防近视相关的知识、态度及行为现状,寻找在学校开展预防近视(以下简称"防近")教育的薄弱环节,为有效预防学生近视工作提供基线数据。方法自编结构式调查问卷,对北京市东城区1 854名中小学生进行调查。结果学生知识及格率为36.4%,尤以生理知识水平较低;有17.2%的学生不能正确认识课间远眺对保护视力的作用;有54.2%的学生每天写家庭作业的时间超过1 h,女生的比例高于男生(72.3%>31.4%);有8.1%的学生报告经常躺在床上看书,初中生的比例高于小学生;有64.7%的学生表示睡眠不足,初中生的比例高于小学生。结论应针对不同学段的特点开展有针对性的防近健康教育,提高学生的防近知识水平,改善学生的不良用眼习惯。     

不同健康教育方式对大学生结核病干预效果探讨

评估不同健康教育方式在大学生中的应用效果,为探索该类人群有效的结核病干预方式提供依据.方法 对某大学出现结核病病例的6个班级,2个班采用学生自己制作结核病防治漫画形式,2个班采用学生动手制作结核病防治PPT形式,另2个班采用传统的健康讲座方式,对比3种健康教育方式干预效果差异.结果 干预后,漫画制作组学生结核病防治知识知晓率、健康行为形成率均与健康讲座组差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为51.76,21.11,P值均<0.01);PPT制作组学生知识知晓率、健康行为形成率,与健康讲座组的差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为35.80,15.18,P值均<0.01).漫画制作组、PPT制作组干预效果优于传统的健康讲座.结论 符合学生心理及专业特点的健康教育是结核病干预的有效方式,能有效提高学生肺结核知识知晓率,养成健康的行为方式,控制学校结核病的传播和蔓延.     

不同模式预防学校结核病健康教育干预效果比较

探讨利用传统宣传模式和互联网+模式在学校开展结核病健康教育的效果,为降低结核病在学校的传播风险提供参考.方法 采用随机整群抽样法选取保定市主城区初中、高中及大中专院校各2所,采用分层随机分组法分为传统模式教育组和互联网+模式教育组(包含初中、高中、大中专院校各1所),开展2个月的结核病健康促进干预,在干预前及干预后进行问卷调查,观察健康教育效果,干预前后分别调查2 804和2 821人.结果 干预前传统模式教育组与互联网+模式教育组学生结核病防治核心知识总知晓率分别为47.5%和47.8%,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.19,P>0.05),干预后互联网+模式教育组学生结核病防治知识总知晓率为97.8%,高于传统模式教育组的90.2%,差异有统计学意义(x2=871.30,P<0.05);干预前传统模式教育组与互联网+模式教育组学生正确对待结核病态度行为形成率间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),干预后两组在正向态度和积极行为上,认为结核病健康教育有必要性分别为93.0%,85.1%,愿意接受结防核病相关检查分别为88.6%,81.5%,确诊结核病主动向学校报告分别为96.4%,90.5%,不随地吐痰、咳嗽打喷嚏时掩住口鼻分别为94.3%,90.6%,经常开窗通风分别为98.1%,95.7%,愿意传播防知识分别为98.7%,96.4%,积极预防结核病分别为86.3%,78.2%,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).结论 互联网+模式健康教育干预对提高学生肺结核防治知识效果显著,优于传统模式.     

成都市某农村学校营养相关指南健康教育干预效果评价

目的 探讨运用多种学龄儿童营养健康指南对小学学生知信行的干预效果,为指导学生合理膳食,改善不良饮食行为提供参考.方法 选取成都市1所学校食堂供餐小学为干预校,另选条件相当的1所小学作为对照校.对干预校学生进行为期半年的营养宣教干预,对照校不提供干预措施.干预前后抽取三至五年级学生共589名进行问卷调查(终末调查558名...     

受艾滋病影响儿童的健康教育干预模式研究

目的 评价参与式生活技能教育模式在受艾滋病影响儿童中的适宜性与有效性,为相关健康促进工作及政策制定提供依据.方法 对河南省某县104名受艾滋病影响的中学生进行以普及艾滋病知识、建立关爱态度、提高自尊与自信水平为目标的参与式生活技能教育干预,另105名学生为对照,评价干预效果.结果 干预前,干预组学生艾滋病知识、关爱态度、自尊量表(SES)、个人评价问卷(PEI)得分与对照组基线水平一致;干预后,干预组上述得分均显著高于对照组.干预组内,干预后男生自尊与自信水平均显著低于女生.结论 参与式生活技能教育干预模式对受艾滋病影响的儿童是有效、可行的,男生在干预过程中应被给予更多关注.     

Effects of a Theory-Based Education Program to Prevent Overweightness in Primary School Children

The effectiveness of the “Extra Fit!” (EF!) education program in promoting healthy diet and physical activity to prevent and reduce overweightness among primary school children aged 9 to 11 was evaluated. A randomized controlled design was carried out in 45 primary schools (n = 1112) in the Netherlands, 23 intervention and 22 control schools. The intervention schools received the education program for two successive school years in grades (U.S. system) 4, 5, and 6 (mean 7.6 h during 16 weeks per school per year). The control schools followed their usual curriculum. No positive effects of EF! were found with regard to behavior and anthropometric measures when follow-up measurements were compared to the baseline. However, from baseline to follow-up after one and two school years, the intervention group improved their knowledge score significantly compared to the control group. Moreover, an effect was observed for mean time spent inactively that increased more in the control group than in the intervention group. In conclusion, limited intervention effects were found for the intervention on knowledge and inactivity. To improve the effectiveness of education programs, we advise focusing on parental involvement, attractive lessons to enlarge the acceptability of the program, and multi-component environmental strategies.     

Development of an Intervention Map for a Parent Education Intervention to Prevent Violence Among Hispanic Middle School Students

ABSTRACT: This paper describes development of Padres Trabajando por la Paz, a violence prevention intervention for Hispanic parents to increase parental monitoring. The intervention was developed using an innovative new program planning process: intervention mapping. Theory and empirical evidence broadly defined performance objectives and determinants of parental monitoring. These objectives were further refined through group and individual interviews with the target parent group. Learning objectives for the intervention guided the content of the intervention that used modeling as the primary method and role model stories as a strategy delivered through newsletters. Stage-matching members of the target population for their readiness to implement the parental monitoring behaviors further refined the social cognitive message design strategies. Intervention mapping provides an explicit theory- and data-driven guide for intervention development that maximizes intervention impact for a specific target population.     

Counseling to Prevent Obesity Among Preschool Children: Acceptability of a Pilot Urban Primary Care Intervention

PURPOSE To help design effective primary care-based interventions, we explored urban parents’ reactions to a pilot and feasibility study designed to address risk behaviors for obesity among preschool children.METHODS We conducted 3 focus groups (2 in English, 1 in Spanish) to evaluate the pilot intervention. Focus group participants explored the acceptability of the pilot intervention components (completion of a new screening tool for risk assessment, discussion of risk behaviors and behavior change goal setting by physicians, and follow-up contacts with a lifestyle counselor) and the fidelity of the pilot intervention delivery.RESULTS Parents expressed a desire to change behaviors to achieve healthier families. They believed that doctors should increase their focus on healthy habits during visits. Parents were more accepting of nutrition discussions than increasing activity (citing a lack of safe outdoor space) or decreasing sedentary behaviors (citing many benefits of television viewing). Contacts with the lifestyle counselor were described as empowering, with parents noting her focus on strategies to achieve change for the whole family while recognizing that many food behaviors relate to cultural heritage. Parents expressed frustration with physicians for offering advice about changing behavior but not how to achieve it, for dismissing concerns about picky eating or undereating, and in some cases for labels of overweight that they believed were inappropriately applied.CONCLUSIONS Parents welcomed efforts to address family lifestyle change in pediatric visits. The model of physician goal setting with referral for behavior change counseling is highly acceptable to families. Future interventions should acknowledge parental concerns about undereating and perceived benefits of television viewing.     

Integrating Home and School Resources to Raise Literacy Levels of Parents and Children

This article focuses on the interplay between home and school learning contexts for literacy and learning and the conditions for successful intervention. It is argued that many current approaches to parental involvement are flawed because (a) they assume a level of confidence, competence and interest among parents that may not always be present and (b) they tend to be in one direction by expecting families to accommodate to the school and take on classroom norms. To overcome these shortcomings, it is argued that intervention needs to be two-generational and two-way. This requires that a delicate balance be found between providing support and learning opportunities for parents and their children that enable them to function effectively in different educational and social contexts and respecting the values of ecology of communities and families. The article ends by drawing up four key principles to inform future developments.     

Impact of Shared Plans of Care on Healthcare Utilization by Children with Special Healthcare Needs and Mental Health Diagnoses

Maternal and Child Health Journal - We assessed how shared plans of care (SPoC), a care coordination tool, impact healthcare utilization of a cohort of children with special healthcare needs...     

如何科学开展健康教育和行为干预工作

多年来 ,很多人都在从事健康教育和行为干预工作 ,但真正以科学为基础来设计、实施和评估健康教育和行为干预工作的却不多。我国开展健康教育工作已经有几十年的历史了。但在实际工作中 ,人们对健康教育这一概念存在着很多误区 ,不认为健康教育是一门学科 ,更不认为健康教育是科学 ,需要科学研究 ,需要科学指导。很多人认为 ,健康教育只不过是通过电视、广播做一些宣传 ,在报纸上发表一些文章 ,向群众散发一些宣传材料 ,在大街上或墙头贴一些宣传画 ,在街头村首制作一些宣传栏等。至于宣传材料 (内容 )质量的高低 ,则取决于设计者的文采。如…     

The Impacts of Health Insurance Coverage on Access to Healthcare in Children Entering Kindergarten

To examine access to healthcare and health outcomes for kindergartners as they relate to insurance status and type. For the 2008, 2009, and 2010 school years, surveys were distributed to parents with a child entering kindergarten in the state of Nevada. Surveys asked parents to provide information about their child concerning their insurance status, routine medical care, medical conditions, and health behaviors. Compared to their insured peers, uninsured kindergartners were less likely to have had a check-up in the previous 12 months (p < .001; OR 6.14; 95 % CI 5.77–6.53), have a primary physician (p < .001; OR 14.32; 95 % CI 13.49–15.20), or have seen a dentist (p < .001; OR 3.93; 95 % CI 3.70–4.16), and were more likely to have a reported unmet medical need (p < .001; OR 2.60; 95 % CI 2.19–3.07). Additionally, compared to children with private insurance, those children with public insurance were less likely to have had a check-up (p < .001; OR 1.73; 95 % CI 1.59–1.89), have a primary care provider (p < .001; OR 3.87; 95 % CI 3.55–4.21), and were more likely to have unmet medical needs (p < .001; OR 2.27; 95 % CI 1.83–2.81). For children in early development—a deeply critical period—insurance status and type are predictors of important access to healthcare variables.     

系统性健康教育干预对儿童脑肿瘤手术护理质量的影响

目的观察系统性健康教育干预对儿童脑肿瘤手术护理质量的影响。方法选取2013年8月至2016年5月期间我院收治的接受手术治疗的52例脑肿瘤患儿为研究对象,随机分为治疗组26例(系统性健康教育干预联合常规护理)和对照组26例(常规护理干预),比较两组的干预效果。结果治疗组患儿的恐怖、敌对、焦虑以及抑郁等不良情绪评分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组的护理满意度为96.15%(25/26),显著高于对照组的76.92%(20/26),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组的护理质量评分为(92.4±4.5)分,显著高于对照组的(89.3±3.2)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论系统性健康教育干预应用于脑肿瘤手术患儿具有显著的效果,可有效提高护理质量以及患儿家属的满意度,缓解患儿的不良情绪,值得临床推广。