不停跳冠状动脉移植术后心房颤动危险因素分析

目的:分析不停跳冠状动脉移植术(OPCABG)后,心房颤动发生的临床相关因素,为临床预防和治疗术后发生的心房颤动(AF)提供参考依据。方法:收集大兴区人民医院2013年1月至2016年12月期间,128例OPCABG患者,观察围术期的相关临床资料,按术后是否发生AF,分为AF组42例和非AF组86例。对比两组患者的临床资料,分析患者年龄、左心房内径(LAD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、术前动脉氧分压、右冠状动脉主干狭窄(≥70%)等因素与OPCABG术后AF发生的相关性。结果:OPCABG术后AF发生率为32.8%,多发生于术后1~3d。两组间比较显示:AF组年龄、左心室射血分数、左心房内径、动脉氧分压、右冠状动脉主干狭窄(≥70%)与非AF组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果提示:年龄、左心房内径、右冠状动脉主干狭窄(≥70%)是OPCABG术后发生AF的危险因素。结论:OPCABG术后AF的发生与年龄、左心房内径、右冠状动脉主干狭窄(≥70%)密切相关。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发心房颤动的危险因素分析

目的:探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后新发心房颤动(AF)的危险因素。方法:收集2015-01至2016-05我院心脏外科602例CABG患者的临床资料,以CABG后1周内持续超过5 min的AF定义为术后新发AF。比较术后新发AF(AF组)和无新发AF(无AF组)患者围术期临床基线特征和外科手术参数,并应用Logistic单因素和多因素回归模型筛选术后新发AF的独立危险因素。结果:128例(21.3%)患者术后新发AF(AF组),474例(78.7%)患者无新发AF(无AF组)。AF组的左心室射血分数明显低于无AF组,左心室舒张末期内径和左心房内径明显高于无AF组(P均0.05)。AF组的通气时间和重症监护室停留时间较无AF组延长,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。在校正年龄和性别后,Logistic多因素回归分析显示:NYHA心功能分级高(OR=1.597,P=0.007)和左心房内径大(OR=1.113,P=0.0001)是CABG后发生AF的独立危险因素。结论:心功能分级恶化和左心房内径增大是CABG后新发AF的独立危险因素。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后心房颤动的发生率及其危险因素分析

目的调查冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后心房颤动(AF)的发生率并分析其危险因素。方法回顾性分析312例行CABG的病例资料,根据术后住院期间(1～3周内)有无AF发生将其分为AF组与非AF组,比较两组临床资料,进行统计学分析,筛选CABG术后AF的独立危险因素。结果103例于CABG术后发生AF,其发生率为33.01%。单因素分析显示AF组高龄(≥70岁)、术后早期停用β受体阻滞剂、高血压、左房内径增大(≥40mm)、AF病史、术前P波时限≥120ms以及血管桥数目≥3支的患者比例明显高于非AF组(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示高龄(≥70岁)、术后早期停用β受体阻滞剂、高血压、左房内径增大(≥40mm)以及AF病史与CABG术后AF有高度相关性。结论CABG术后AF的发生率为33.01%。高龄、术后早期停用β受体阻滞剂、高血压、左房内径增大和AF病史是CABG术后AF的独立危险因素。     

冠状动脉搭桥术后心房颤动的危险因素分析

目的分析冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后心房颤动(AF)的危险因素.方法回顾性分析421例CABG患者的病例,将其分为AF组与非AF组,比较二组临床资料,进行统计学分析,筛选高危因素.结果CABG后AF的发生率为36.1%,AF组高年龄(≥60岁)、左房内径增大(≥40mm)、低EF值(≤40%)、搭桥支数多(≥3支)、同期瓣膜置换术的比例明显高于非AF组,差异有统计学意义.相关分析提示,年龄、左房内径、搭桥支数分别与AF有高度的相关性.结论高龄、左房扩大、搭桥支数是CABG后发生AF的危险因素.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后心房颤动11例临床分析

回顾性分析113例冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）患者的临床资料,11例发生心房颤动（AF）。其中9例应用乙胺碘呋酮,8例恢复为窦性心律,1例心室率明显下降,但未转复为窦性心律。2例应用艾司洛尔,1例恢复为窦性心律。Logistic多因素分析显示高龄（年龄〉70岁）、左室射血分数（LVEF）〈40％、术后早期应用多巴胺是AF发生的独立危险因素。认为乙胺碘呋酮是CABG术后早期AF复律安全、有效的药物。CABG术后早期应积极维持血流动力学稳定,尽量避免应用多巴胺类药物。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后心房颤动及治疗

为探讨冠状动脉旁路移植 (CABG)术后早期心房颤动 (AF)的易患危险因素 ,回顾分析 81例单纯CABG病人的年龄、合并症、左房和左室大小、术前心功能、手术方式、血管桥数目及术后并发症等因素与术后AF发生的关系 ,并总结药物及电复律转复AF的效果。结果 :术后早期AF发生率为 2 3.5 % ,AF病人术后ICU监护时间延长 ;单因素分析表明高龄 (≥ 6 5岁 )、移植血管桥数目及术后并发症与AF发生密切相关 (P =0 .0 1,0 .0 0 2 ,0 .0 0 1)。Logistic回归表明术后并发症是AF发生的独立危险因素。 (P =0 .0 0 9,B =1.73,OR值为 5 .6 5 )AF总转复率为 81.3% ,电转复 2例 ,药物转复 11例 (78.6 % )。结论 :增龄、移植血管桥数目增多及出现术后并发症是CABG术后早期AF的易患危险因素 ,药物及电复律能有效转复术后AF。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后心房颤动的原因及防治

目的讨论冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后心房颤动(AF)的发生原因及防治方法.方法对1998-2003年102例CABG术后患者(其中21例发生AF)进行回顾性研究分析.分析患者的临床资料,包括:年龄、性别、射血分数(EF)、左心房大小、心电图、心肌梗死情况、高血压病史、糖尿病史、搭桥支数、体外循环时间、升主动脉阻断时间、术前术后用药情况、AF患者的药物复律及电复律情况.结果CABG术后AF发生率20.6%.应用胺碘酮后转复窦性心律10例,直流电复律3例,应用β受体阻滞剂后自动转复窦性心律3例,持续心房颤动3例,术后早期死于低心排血量2例.结论CABG术后AF的发生与多因素相关.围术期应用β受体阻滞剂、胺碘酮以及术中良好的心肌保护可降低术后心室率,减少AF的发生.术后应积极控制心室率,应用胺碘酮转律对CABG术后AF患者是较好的安全的手段.     

二维斑点追踪成像技术测得的左心房应变值与CABG术后新发房颤相关

目的应用二维斑点追踪成像(STI)技术分析左心房应变值与冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)术后新发房颤的相关性。方法应用STI技术测量行CABG的42例冠心病患者左房收缩功能,按患者是否新发房颤分为房颤组(n=13)和非房颤组(n=29),对2组相关因素做单因素和多因素分析。结果与非房颤组比较,术后房颤组LAD较大,E较高,A较低,E/A较高,左心室收缩期左心房长轴方向所测整体应变(Ss)及心房收缩期左心房长轴方向整体应变(Sa)和左心房各节段应变率(SRs)均较低,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论术前应用STI技术测得的左心房应变值与CABG术后房颤相关。     

左心房内径和左心室射血分数与慢性心力衰竭患者发生缺血性脑卒中的相关性研究

目的本研究探讨左心房内径、LVEF与老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者发生缺血性脑卒中的相关性。方法选取2018年1月1日～2019年12月31日江苏省苏北人民医院住院治疗未合并心房颤动(AF)或心房扑动(AFL)的老年CHF患者149例,依据有无急性缺血性脑卒中分为脑卒中组62例和对照组87例,比较2组一般临床资料和超声心动图检查指标,采用logistic回归分析老年CHF患者发生缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。结果与对照组比较,脑卒中组尿酸、左心房内径、左心室内径、室间隔厚度明显升高,纤维蛋白原水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。校正相关因素后,logistic回归分析显示,左心房内径是无AF/AFL的老年CHF患者发生缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素(OR=1.224,95%CI:1.120～1.338,P=0.000)。ROC曲线分析显示,左心房内径预测无AF/AFL的老年CHF患者发生缺血性脑卒中的曲线下面积为0.772(95%CI:0.697～0.848,P=0.000);约登指数发现,左心房内径预测无AF/AFL的老年CHF患者发生缺血性脑卒中的最佳临界值为35.5 mm,敏感性为0.823,特异性为0.621。结论左心房内径增大是未合并AF/AFL的老年CHF患者发生缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。     

口服维生素C对单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术后心房颤动发生的影响

正背景已有研究证实,抗氧化的维生素有在冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CABG)后阻止心房颤动(AF)发生的作用。我们研究CABG术后患者口服维生素C对术后AF发生的影响。方法 100例拟行单纯CABG术的患者前瞻性随机分为两组:治疗组50例术前接受口服维生素C 2g,术后维生素C 500mg,每日2次,持续5天;50例作为对照组,不接受维生素C治疗。所有病人术后在ICU给予持续监护,并且接受72 h的长程     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.