我国社区老年卫生服务的规范化健康管理

随着我国人口和健康发展战略的前移和下移以及医学模式的转变.社区卫生服务在医疗卫生领域的作用越来越显得重要和突出.世界卫生组织早在20世纪80年代就提出"社区承担卫生保健责任"的构想,充分表明社区卫生服务在全球卫生工作中的战略地位.社区卫生服务的目的是要把80%以上居民的健康问题解决在社区.为居民提供全程优质的健康管理的卫生服务.提高居民的整体健康水平和生活质量.其内容包括:健康教育、健康促进、老年保健、妇幼保健、卫生防疫、疾病的预防、诊治和康复、社区心理卫生和精神保健等.     

社区卫生服务的基本特征

社区卫生服务是以社区人群为着眼点,以健康为中心,融预防、医疗、保健、康复、健康教育、计划生育指导为一体的基层卫生服务。发展社区卫生服务是贯彻《中共中央、国务院关于卫生改革与发展的决定》,坚持新时期卫生工作方针、深化卫生改革的重要举措。通过认识、掌握和运用社区卫生服务的基本特征,有助于促进社区卫生服务的可持续发展。社区卫生服务的基本特征表现在以下几个方面。1、具体性社区卫生服务面对的是特定的社区,所要解决的问题是促进社区居民的健康和向居民提供各种具体的卫生服务。由于人类的活动大都是在社区中进行的,…     

社区卫生保健服务的动力

社区是解决人群健康问题的理想场所和有效资源,社区健康服务中心是城市卫生服务体系的重要组成部分,社区卫生保健是社区健康服务的核心,社区医护工作者是社区健康服务的主力,承担着社区卫生保健服务工作.     

少数民族地区老年妇女健康保健服务需求

目的:了解少数民族地区老年妇女的健康保健服务需求,为社区卫生服务发展提供参考依据。方法:采用整群随机抽样的方法选取调查对象,用自行设计的问卷进行入户调查。结果:29.5%的老年妇女在自感病情较轻时选择社区、街道卫生服务中心就诊,90.5%在突发重病时能及时赶到医院或急救中心治疗,大部分老年妇女希望获得自助呼救、健康教育等健康保健服务,仅有少部分人希望这些服务由社区卫生服务机构提供。结论:少数民族地区老年妇女健康保健服务需求高,但对社区卫生服务认识不足,社区卫生服务中心需提供各种形式的健康保健服务。     

发展社区卫生服务 全面建设小康社会

社区卫生服务是以社区为基础，以社区居民的卫生服务需求为导向，以其广泛的卫生服务中心或服务站为网络，向社区居民提供预防、保健、医疗、康复、健康教育、计划生育指导“六位—体”的综合性基层卫生服务。发展社区卫生服务，是提高人民综合水平和生活质量的具体体现，是实现全面建设小康社会宏伟目标的重要举措。     

转换医疗模式 开辟社区服务

随着社会的进步,人们健康需求的提高和卫生资源的短缺及分配不合理、服务利用不充分等矛盾的不断激化,促进了城市卫生改革和城乡新的卫生体系的形成——社区卫生服务。通过社区卫生服务,可以使医院的办院方式更适合当前的社会需要。医护人员走出医院深入社区家庭,保健健康人群,了解分析社区影响健康的高危因素,向健康人群提供保健措施。治疗现患病人,筛查隐性病人,变被动服务为主动服务,并在社区中开展健康教育,宣传普及医学卫生知识。社区服务要由一批受过专业训练、经验丰富的医护人员将医院提供的服务送到病人家中,这种医疗服…     

城市社区卫生服务与儿童保健关系初探

1 城市社区卫生服务的内容社区卫生服务是以健康为中心,以人群为对象,以家庭为基础来提供综合性卫生服务的。它可立足社区,面向人群,实施三个转变:①可从等病人上门向上门向居民提供及时、便捷、低价、优质的卫生服务转变;②使单一医疗向医疗、预防、保健、康复、健康教育等全方     

我国社区老年卫生服务的规范化健康管理

随着我国人口和健康发展战略的前移和下移以及医学模式的转变,社区卫生服务在医疗卫生领域的作用越来越显得重要和突出。世界卫生组织早在20世纪80年代就提出“社区承担卫生保健责任”的构想．充分表明社区卫生服务在全球卫生工作中的战略地位。社区卫生服务的目的是要把80％以上居民的健康问题解决在社区,为居民提供全程优质的健康管理的卫生服务。提高居民的整体健康水平和生活质量。其内容包括：健康教育、健康促进、老年保健、妇幼保健、卫生防疫、疾病的预防、诊治和康复、社区心理卫生和精神保健等。     

浅谈中医药在社区卫生服务中的优势及发展

社区卫生服务是以社区为基础,以社区人群的卫生服务需求为导向,综合、经济、方便和可及的基层卫生服务[1]。重点人群是妇女、儿童、老年人、慢性病患者和残疾人。服务内容强调预防、医疗、保健、康复、健康教育和计划生育技术指导"六位一体"。服务特点表现为以人的健康为中心、家庭为单位、社区     

社区卫生服务营销策略

1 社区卫生服务营销。1．1 基本概念 社区卫生服务营销是社区卫生服务机构以满足社区居民的基本卫生服务需要为目的．组织一系列的整体性经营活动．提供社区预防、医疗、保健、康复、健康教育、计划生育技术指导等“六位一体”的基本卫生服务的过程。简单地说，社区卫生服务营销是满足社区居民现实的需求，挖掘其潜在的需求，创造其未知的需求，以推动社区居民物质和精神文化生活的进步。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.