颅内原发性淋巴瘤13例分析

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的临床诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析我院1997—02-2008—12经病理证实的13例原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的临床特点及治疗结果。结果13例病人中8例手术切除,5例立体定向活检。本组13例病人共22个肿瘤,其中7例（53．8％）为单发肿瘤,6例（46．2％）为多发性肿瘤。肿瘤多位于额叶、颞叶部及基底节区,12例（92．3％）肿瘤位于小脑幕上。病理学检查发现病人均为B细胞来源。13例患者均行化疗及放疗,生存时间为6～51个月,平均23．5个月。结论原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤术前诊断困难,预后差,诊断主要依靠病理。该病多采用综合治疗,手术治疗,辅以化疗及放疗。     

间质内放射治疗原发性中枢神经系统恶性淋巴瘤

目的明确立体定向间质内放疗,在治疗原发性中枢神经系统恶性淋巴瘤中的作用.方法回顾性分析收治的20例原发性中枢神经系统恶性淋巴瘤病人,比较了立体定向192Ir间质内放疗与传统的手术切除,再配合术后化疗和放疗在治疗,该病中的不同疗效.结果1993年前手术切除的6例原发性中枢神经系统恶性淋巴瘤中,2例全切除,3例大部切除,1例部分切除.随访5例,分别于术后3.5～32个月内死亡.1993年后对14例脑内恶性淋巴瘤病人,进行立体定向192Ir内放疗中,无手术死亡.随访12例,失访2例.目前共存活3例,至今最长生存时间为6年另3个月.生存时间2年内8例,2～5年5例,超过5年以上1例.结论对于原发性中枢神经系统恶性淋巴瘤病人的治疗,立体定向192Ir间质内放疗的疗效,明显地优于传统手术配合化疗和放疗,具有手术创伤小、手术时间短、术后并发症减少、术后恢复快和住院时间短等优点.     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤22例临床分析

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（PCNSL）的临床诊断、治疗方法及预后。方法回顾总结我院22例PCNSL患者的临床表现、影像学特征、治疗方法及预后。结果肿瘤位于颅内17例，患者主要以颅内压增高及癫痫等症状为主；位于脊髓内5例．患者以节段性的腰背部疼痛及压迫症状为主。手术全切15例，立体定向活检7例，术后均行常规放、化疗。随访14例，其中5例立体定向活检患者，平均生存期为15．8个月：8例颅内手术切除患者，平均生存期为44．5个月，有3例肿瘤全切患者生存期〉5年，最长者已达13年；1例髓内肿瘤患者生存期为7个月。结论PCNSL在影像学上大多呈团块状、明显且较均匀的强化，大多周围有较明湿的水肿带．手术切除并行放、化疗可使部分病人获得长期生存：而立体定向活检并行放、化疗的．疗效稍筹．     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的诊断、治疗和预后.方法 对6例经开颅、立体定向活检或神经内镜手术后病理证实的中枢神经系统淋巴瘤患者的临床资料及预后情况进行回顾性分析.结果 所有病例均为单发病变,其中病灶位于胼胝体者2例,左尾状核者1例,左额叶者1例,右小脑者1例,前颅窝底及视神经管者1例,经开颅手术切除＋地塞米松治疗者2例,经开颅手术切除＋地塞米松＋放疗者1例,经开颅手术＋甲强龙＋甲氨蝶呤治疗者1例,经立体定向活检者＋甲强龙＋甲氨蝶呤治疗者1例,经神经内镜手术＋甲强龙＋甲氨蝶呤治疗者1例,随访3～25个月,病灶完全消失者5例,病灶显著缩小者1例,随访期间无死亡病例.结论 原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的诊断建议以立体定向活检取病理为主,推荐激素＋化疗＋放疗等为主的综合治疗.     

位于蝶骨嵴的原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤临床分析

目的探讨位于蝶骨嵴处原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(PCNSL)的诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析3例位于蝶骨嵴的PCNSL病人的临床资料。2例接受手术治疗,二期均接受化疗。1例行立体定向活检后接受联合放化疗。结果手术病人镜下肿瘤全切除,随访25个月均存活。接受放化疗病人肿瘤体积变小,生存期仅为20个月。病理结果均为PCNSL。结论位于蝶骨嵴的PCNSL少见,需结合临床特点和影像学表现来综合判定,早期提供合理综合治疗方案以改善预后。     

29例原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的诊断与治疗

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（PCNSL）的诊断、治疗及效果。方法收治29例经病理证实的PCNSL患者，根据治疗方法的不同分为3组：6例患者肿瘤切除范围较小（包括2例活检），因颅高压不能承受进一步的治疗；7例术后接受放疗；16例术后接受放疗＋化疗的综合治疗。出院后皆随访。结果单纯手术治疗者平均生存时间3．20个月，手术＋放疗和手术＋放疗＋化疗者平均生存时间分刖为32及40个月，综合治疗效果显著提高（P〈0．05）。结论单纯手术不能有效控制PCNSL的发展，术后及时辅以放疗和（或）化疗可显著延长患者的生存时间。手术应以充分降低颅内压为目的，使患者能承受进一步的放疗和化疗。     

原发性中枢神经系统恶性淋巴瘤的诊断与治疗

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统恶性淋巴瘤（PCNSL）的临床特征及诊疗经验。方法回顾性分析13例确诊为PCNSL患者的临床资料。结果11例经立体定向穿刺活检,2例经手术切除病理确诊。术后均接受放疗和化疗。随访3例分别死于确诊后3月、11月、18月,2例存活已超过3年,2例已超过2年,2例已超过1年,确诊不到1年的4例生存良好。结论对影像学高度怀疑PCNSL的病人主张选择立体定向穿刺活检确诊,对有脑疝倾向或脑疝的病人仍需要开颅手术切除肿瘤。确诊后,以小剂量放疗＋化疗的综合治疗疗效较好。     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的诊治分析

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（PCNSL）的诊断与治疗方法。方法2009年1月至2012年12月收治12例PCNSL患者,手术＋放疗＋化疗6例,手术＋放疗1例,活检＋放疗＋化疗4例,活检＋放疗1例。结果本组仅2例术前诊断为PCNSL。病理学检查示弥漫性大B细胞型非霍奇金淋巴瘤10例,小细胞T细胞淋巴瘤2例。10例患者出院后随访10个月至5年,手术＋放疗＋化疗5例,生存2～40个月,平均12．4个月;活检＋放疗＋化疗4例,平均生存11．9个月;活检＋放疗1例生存3个月。结论PCNSLIN床表现缺乏特异性,确诊依赖病理学检查;化疗结合放疗是主要治疗手段;部分病例可考虑个体化手术治疗。     

原发性脑内淋巴瘤的诊治特点(附12例报告)

目的探讨原发性脑内淋巴瘤的诊断特点及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析12例确诊为原发性脑内B型淋巴瘤的临床资料。结果12例经病理组织学和免疫组化确诊。手术全切除8例,4例术后γ-刀放疗加化疗平均生存55个月,3例术后X-刀放疗加化疗平均生存42个月,1例术后放弃治疗生存4.5个月。3例活检确诊后X-刀放疗加化疗平均生存30个月,1例活检确诊后X-刀放疗生存5个月。结论原发性脑内淋巴瘤发病率低,鉴别诊断困难,细胞亚型确诊需免疫组化,综合治疗能延长生存期。     

肿瘤间质内放疗联合颈动脉化疗治疗基底节区胶质细胞瘤

目的对肿瘤间质内放疗联合颈动脉化疗方法治疗基底节区星形胶质细胞瘤的近期疗效进行总结和分析。方法自2004年1月以来我科应用肿瘤间质内放疗联合颈动脉化疗治疗20例基底节区星形胶质瘤患者。在我科行立体定向活检及放疗囊植入术,术后给予肿瘤间质内131I放疗并辅以颈动脉化疗(表鬼臼噻吩糖苷1mg/kg,盐酸尼莫司汀2mg/kg)。观察患者6个月内临床表现,复查增强MRI。结果1例显效,8例有效,5例微效,5例无变化,1例恶化,总有效率为45%。结论基底节区胶质细胞瘤手术致残率高,而肿瘤间质内放疗联合颈动脉化疗的近期疗效肯定,能控制肿瘤生长,提高患者生存质量。     

Primary central nervous system lymphoma: a retrospective study

Eleven patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) proven with biopsy between January 1991 and September 1995 were analysed according to the location of lesions, pathological studies, treatment and outcome. The ages of these patients ranged from 25 to 74 years with an average of 51.4 years. The male to female sex ratio was 6 to 5. The most frequent sites of lesions were frontal lobes. One patient had only leptomeningeal involvement. All intracranial PCNSL in this report arose from B cells; the leptomeningeal PCNSL case was the only one which arose from T cells. All patients received chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy, except two patients who did not receive any treatment. The results of treatment were generally poor. The survival time of patients who died ranged from 2.5 months to 45 months with a median of about 12.5 months. If a combined treatment is to be considered, the possibility of complications such as leucoencephalopathy should be taken in account.     

Primary non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system]

The incidence of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is increasing, not only in immunodeficiency states, but also in apparently normal individuals. The most common presentation of PCNSL is that of an intracranial mass lesion. Ocular involvement is associated in 20% of patients. CT/MR scan typically shows one or several periventricular tumors with indistinct margins that diffusely and densely enhance following contrast infusion. The diagnosis relies on lumbar puncture, vitreous biopsy, or stereotactic biopsy of a brain lesion demonstrating lymphomatous cells. If possible, corticosteroids should be used only after definite diagnosis. Corticosteroids have a cytotoxic effect responsible for transient remission in 40% of patients. Whole brain radiation therapy induces a complete or partial response in 80% of patients but recurrence always occurs and the median survival does not exceed 14-18 months. The addition of systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy seems to substantially improve the prognosis with median survival exceeding 3 years in some studies. PCNSL associated with AIDS generally occurs at a late stage of the disease and is the fourth cause of death in AIDS patients. Radiation therapy is useful but the median survival does not exceed 5.5 months because patients most often die of opportunistic infections.     

Primary central nervous system lymphomas in immunocompetent patients

ObjetctivesPrimary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare patology and is most often seen in immunodeficient patients. This article presents our casuistic of PCNSL in immunocompetent patients and make a literature review on this issue with focus on recent advances, investigations, and controversies in diagnosis and management of this patology.Matherial and methodsNine patients operated in the last years in our clinics are analysed in relation to sex, age, time of symptoms, procedures and adjuvant treatment. Posteriorly the results are compared with those in the preview literature.ResultsThe age ranged from 44–68 years (middle of 66 years); 62,5% of the patients were female. The mean time of symptoms, when the diagnostic was made, was 3.2 months (range 1–6 months). The most common symptoms were hemiparesis (present in 75% of the patients) headache (37.5%) seizures (25%) and ataxia (25%). The most common localization was the parietal, frontal and temporal lobe surface with 25% of the patients for each localization. Five patients (50%) were treated with stereotactic biopsy, three with surgery (37.5%) and one (12.5%) with both of them. Five patients (62,5%) were submitted to pos-operative radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment. In relation to the hystology, the most common cell type was Difuse B Cells.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that complete surgical ressection followed by radiotherapy have shown good results. In opposition to the literature, the authors regards chemotherapy as a secondary line treatment and recommends its use only in some selected cases.     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的治疗

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的诊疗方法。方法回顾性分析2004年4月至2011年4月收治的35例原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤患者的临床资料,并结合国内外最新文献,分析其临床特点及诊疗方法。28例患者行手术治疗,5例行立体定向穿刺检查,2例行腰椎穿刺脑脊液脱落细胞学检查,所有患者均行放化疗。结果35例患者均证实为恶性淋巴瘤。治疗后临床症状改善32例,2例无改善,1例加重。结论原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤较为罕见,手术、放疗和化疗等综合治疗有望提高其疗效。     

原发性中枢神经系统非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例报道并文献复习

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统非霍奇金淋巴瘤(PCNSL)的病因,诊断方法及治疗措施。方法结合文献回顾性分析我院收治的1例PCNSL患者的临床及影像学资料,进行诊断及鉴别诊断。结果病理活检明确诊断为PCNSL,患者依方案行化疗治疗,随访1年未见病变复发。结论 PCNSL是一种罕见的颅内肿瘤,发病隐匿,对放化疗敏感,临床需与多种颅内肿瘤相鉴别。     

HIV-associated primary CNS lymorbidity and utility of brain biopsy

INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with several central nervous system (CNS) infections and neoplasms. These opportunistic processes generally occur with advanced immunosuppression, but if an accurate diagnosis is made, effective treatment can frequently be initiated. METHODS: In an attempt to assess the safety, diagnostic yield, and utility of stereotactic brain biopsy in the clinical management of suspected HIV-associated primary CNS lymphoma, we retrospectively studied the performance of biopsy in HIV-seropositive patients presenting with focal intracranial lesions. This analysis included 435 patients undergoing brain biopsy, identified through a local case series (n=47) combined with all published cases (n=388). The years of analysis for this study were 1984 and 1997. We also assessed the survival of HIV-associated intracranial mass lesions and of PCNSL patients treated at JHU. RESULTS: Definitive histopathological diagnoses were established in eighty-eight percent of biopsied cases: primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) (30%), CNS toxoplasmosis (CNS TOXO) (16%), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) (25%), and other specific diagnoses (17%). Post-biopsy morbidity within thirty days was 8.4% and mortality was 2.9%. PCNSL was the most common diagnosis among cases biopsied after failure of anti-toxoplasmosis therapy, 134/205 (65%). In the local case series, biopsy-related morbidity was associated with poor functional status, decreased platelet count, and number of lesions at presentation. The median survival of irradiated PCNSL cases was 29 days longer than untreated cases (median survival 50 days versus 21 days, respectively, Chi-square=6.73, P<0.01). DISCUSSION: Stereotactic brain biopsy had a high diagnostic yield for HIV-associated focal intracranial lesions, however, the biopsy complication rate in this patient population was relatively high. PCNSL was diagnosed in the majority of patients failing anti-toxoplasmosis therapy. Survival after irradiation for PCNSL remains very poor.     

Primary central nervous system lymphoma report of 32 cases and review of the literature

We retrospectively analyzed 32 cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Five cases were diagnosed in the period 1987-1994, for 27 cases in the period 1995-2002. There were 17 men and 15 women whose median age was 69 years. Three patients were immunodeficient. The commonest symptoms were focal deficit (16 patients) and cognitive/behaviour disturbances (14 patients). Radiologically, a total of 47 contrast-enhancing lesions were observed in 32 patients; 18 patients had deep-seated lesions. All but two patients underwent histological diagnosis following craniotomy (11 patients) and/or stereotaxic biopsy (22 patients); diagnosis was obtained on CSF cytology in one patient with a third ventricle tumour. In the last patient, the diagnosis was based on the finding of marked tumour shrinkage under corticotherapy, despite two negative histological examinations. Treatment included surgical resection (10 patients), chemotherapy (25 patients) and/or radiotherapy (12 patients). According to the therapeutic recommendations of the GELA (Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte), 19 patients received at least two courses of high-dose methotrexate; intrathecal chemotherapy was used in 20 patients with methotrexate and/or cytosine arabinoside. Radiation therapy consisted of whole brain irradiation followed by a boost on tumour site. Nine patients received a combined treatment of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Twelve patients showed rapid progression to death. At the time of last contact, 28/32 patients (88%) had died, all from PCNSL disease or from complications due to its treatment. The median survival time was 13.9 months. We conclude that PCNSL is an increasingly frequent tumour. The diagnosis is obtained by stereotactic biopsy in the majority of cases. The prognosis appears dismal despite an intensive multidisciplinary therapeutic approach.