椒江区非铅作业工人血液锌原卟啉水平调查

目的:了解椒江区非铅作业工人血液锌原卟啉(ZPP)水平。方法:对本区9家企业287名非铅作业工人采集静脉血(EDTA-2K抗凝),采用表面荧光法测定ZPP,并进行统计分析。结果:287名工人ZPP均值为(0.346±0.135)μmol/L,男性209人,均值为(0.336±0.130)μmol/L,女性78人,均值为(0.371±0.147)μmol/L,不同性别间ZPP水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同年龄组ZPP水平比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),职业铅暴露者与非铅作业工人总体ZPP水平有非常显著差异(P<0.001)。结论:椒江区非铅作业工人ZPP均值处于较低水平。铅作业工人在职业健康检查中,发现ZPP升高,排除缺铁性贫血因素,较易判断铅暴露的危害程度。     

惠州市2000名铅接触工人血铅和ZPP水平调查

目的:了解2013年惠州市铅接触工人血铅和血锌原卟啉(ZPP)水平。方法:采集惠州市4家中型蓄电池厂2000名铅接触工人静脉血,用石墨炉原子吸收法测定血铅,用ZPP-3800锌原卟啉仪测定ZPP。结果:2000名铅接触工人血铅水平为0.31~9.1μmol/L,210人超标,超标率为10.5%;ZPP水平为0.61~11.6μmol/L,190人超标,超标率为9.5%。铅接触工人血铅和ZPP含量有相关性。结论:该市铅接触工人血铅和ZPP检出率较高,监管部门应该督促企业改进生产工艺和对铅接触工人定期进行职业健康体检。     

铅作业工人血铅、尿铅和锌原卟啉测定结果分析

目的比较铅作业工人和非铅作业工人血铅、尿铅浓度、红细胞锌原卟啉和血常规的差异,探讨铅作业工人红细胞锌原卟啉和血铅、尿铅浓度的相关性。方法以蓄电池企业的252名铅作业工人作为接铅组,电子厂205名非铅作业工人作为对照组,测定血铅、尿铅浓度、红细胞锌原卟啉和血常规,并对结果进行统计学处理。结果接铅组血红蛋白含量低于对照组(P0.05),白细胞和红细胞、血小板则无差异(P0.05),接铅组红细胞锌原卟啉、血铅、尿铅浓度均显著高于对照组(P0.01),尿铅与红细胞锌原卟啉的相关系数(r)=0.166,血铅与红细胞锌原卟啉的相关系数r=0.406。结论长期接触铅可导致血铅、尿铅浓度和红细胞锌原卟啉升高,血红蛋白降低,对白细胞、红细胞、血小板无明显影响,血铅与红细胞锌原卟啉的相关性较尿铅与红细胞锌原卟啉的相关性好。     

铅作业工人293名血铅水平的调查

目的了解铅作业工人体内铅含量水平。方法采用石墨原子吸收法测定血铅含量,采用希斯美康1000 i血球仪测定血红蛋白含量。结果 293名铅作业工人中血铅超过1.9μmol/L有192人;超标率为65.53%;男工和女工的血铅水平和血红蛋白水平都存在负相关。结论 293铅作业工人血铅水平较高,企业应改进生产工艺,增强防护措施,对血铅超标者进行驱铅治疗,定期对工人进行体检。     

铅作业工人血锌原卟啉的测定

目的:观察铅作业工人红细胞锌原卟啉(ZPP)含量及其与血红蛋白(Hb)、血铅(Pb)的关系。方法:采用血液荧光仪、全自动血细胞分析仪、原子吸收分光光度计对371名铅作业工人进行红细胞锌原卟啉、血红蛋白及血铅测定,并进行统计学处理。结果:铅作业工人血锌原卟啉、血铅含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血红蛋白含量与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),男工人血锌原卟啉与血红蛋白、血铅均有相关性(P<0.01),相关系数(r)分别为0.309和0.314。结论:血锌原卟啉是铅作业工人健康检查的敏感指标,对职业性铅中毒的早期筛查有重要意义。     

铅对作业工人血中游离原卟啉的影响

铅吸收和铅中毒者可影响卟啉原转化为血红素,导致血红蛋白的合成障碍。本文选择的正常人群组与对照组平均年龄、平均工龄及性别比较,,差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。通过测定上述两组人群血中游离原卟啉的FEP结果如下: 测定178名正常人(男性95名,女性83名)的血红细胞游离原卟啉含量。总均值57.36μg/100 ml:男性均值52.72μg/100ml,女性均值62.67μg/100 ml。 测定153名铅作业工人(男性87名,女性66名)的血红细胞游离原卟啉含量,总均值147.8μg/100ml;男性均值138.3     

某冶炼厂铅作业工人血液锌原卟啉(ZPP)含量的检测

铅进入人体内后，抑制亚铁络合酶的活性，阻碍原卟啉与锌络合，血液中游离原卟啉增多。《职业健康检查项目及周期》中已将血液锌原卟啉含量的检测作为铅作业工人的必检项目之一。为了保护工人身体健康，预防职业病发生，我们于2003年对该厂铅作业工人进行了ZPP的测定，现将结果报告如下。     

不同浓度铅作业者血锌原卟啉值的研究

不同浓度铅作业者血锌原卟啉值的研究湖南衡阳水口山矿务局职工医院（常宁县松柏，４２１５１３）蒋运良，林鸿恩血锌原卟啉（ＺＰＰ）是目前国内外普遍用作铅作业工人的健康监护指标之一。１９７９年世界卫生组织正式将ＺＰＰ测定列为铅中毒诊断指标之一。我国１９９０年...     

铅作业工人血锌原卟啉值观察

铅中毒是我国目前主要的职业病之一。红细胞内的锌原卟啉(ZPP)浓度可代表铅对造血系统的代谢影响。血中ZPP含量检测方法简便快捷、灵敏可靠,且不受铅污染的影响。世界卫生组织已将ZPP检测列为铅中毒诊断指标之一,我国也将其列为诊断铅中毒的指标。本文以铅作业工人为对象,观察空气铅浓度对ZPP含量的影响,探讨ZPP检测对铅中毒诊断的实用价值。现将结果报告如下。对象与方法1．观察对象:观察对象共160人,按作业环境空气中铅烟浓度分为4组。①对照组:60人,工作中无职业性铅接触史,平均年龄33.5岁(20~52岁),均为血色素指标在13克/Hb以上的健康工人。②低浓度组:54人,工作环境铅烟浓度＜     

某小型蓄电池厂238名工人铅接触水平调查及影响因素分析

为了解小型蓄电池厂作业工人铅接触水平,初步探讨影响因素。2008年7～10月,对某市15家小型蓄电池厂238名铅作业工人进行了血铅检测,同时对相关作业场所进行了铅烟尘浓度监测,现将结果报告如下。     

Automated HPLC method for determining zinc protoporphyrin IX and protoporphyrin IX in erythrocytes of workers exposed to lead

We developed an automated HPLC method for determining erythrocyte protoporphyrin. After a single extraction with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZP) and protoporphyrin IX (PP) were separated by the column packed with a new type of reversed phase silica (capcell type) within 5 min. The column life was markedly extended to facilitate sample injection for about 1,000 times. The concentrations of ZP or TP (total protoporphyrin = 0.9 ZP + PP) determined by the present method correlated well with those determined by the conventional methods, i.e. by hematofluorometer (HF) or acid extraction method (FEP). In 150 workers exposed to lead, the ratio of 0.9 ZP/TP varied between 0.43 and 0.99 with the ratio being less than 0.6 in only 5 workers. The correlation coefficient between Pb-B and ZP was significantly higher than that between Pb-B and PP. Both anticoagulants, heparin and EDTA, could be used in the present method as well as in HF and FEP methods. Reference values for TP by HPLC were between 31.2 and 120.9 micrograms/dl RBC. Samples stored at 37 degrees C for 3 days were also used in the present method and the same results were obtained as in the samples stored at 4 degrees C.     

First-year changes in blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin levels within two groups of occupational lead workers

Quarterly changes in blood lead (PbB) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels experienced by 30 male lead-acid storage battery workers and 24 auto assembly workers during their initial year of occupational lead exposure are described. The greatest absolute and percentage increases above baseline PbB levels occurred during the first 3 months of continuous exposure when battery and assembly workers' average PbB levels increased by 99% and 134%, respectively. Peak average PbB levels were reached during the second quarter of exposure for battery workers (27.3 micrograms/dL) and during the third quarter for assembly workers (34.3 micrograms/dL). Mean ZPP levels increased steadily through the first 3 quarters of exposure for both groups of workers before declining slightly during the final 3 months. Third-quarter average ZPP levels were 46.6 micrograms/dL for battery workers and 59.4 micrograms/dL for assembly workers. In general, for the assembly workers, the slopes of quarterly dose (PbB)-effect (loge ZPP) regressions increased with increasing exposure duration (up to 0.044 by the third quarter of exposure) and were significant (p less than 0.0001). Similar calculations for the battery workers were not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05) and showed no exposure-related trends. Probit-based dose (PbB)-response (ZPP level greater than two standard deviations above the baseline ZPP) analyses of the assembly worker data resulted in a 30.0 micrograms/dL ED50 estimate (PbB concentration at which 50% of a similarly exposed population would be expected to develop an "elevated" ZPP level).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

血铅与红细胞游离原卟啉及锌原卟啉的剂量—效应关系

Studies on dose-effect relationships between blood lead (PbB) and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) or zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) in 583 workers (male 326, female 257) was conducted. Good dose-effect relationships and S-shaped curves between PbB and logFEP, logZPP or log (ZPP/Hb) were established. Sectioned linear regression showed that linear correlation was obtained while PbB between 0.48 (10 micrograms/dl) and 3.36 mumol/L (70 micrograms/dl) (male) or 0.48 (10 micrograms/dl) and 2.88 mumol/L (60 micrograms/dl) (female). However, while PbB below 0.48 mumol/L (10 micrograms/dl), there was no linear correlation. The increasing of FEP, ZPP slowed down remarkably as PbB were beyond 3.36 mumol/L (70 micrograms/dl) (male) or 2.88 mumol/L (60 micrograms/dl) (female). Therefore, the degree of lead poisoning can't be classified by the values of FEP, ZPP among plumbism.     

δ-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶基因多态性与血铅和锌原卟啉的关系

目的　探讨δ 氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶 (ALAD)基因多态性与血铅和锌原卟啉之间的关系。方法　采样分析 370名严重铅污染区儿童的血铅、锌原卟啉和ALAD基因型。结果　ALAD1 2 / 2 2 基因型的血铅水平 (2 6 2 1± 0 5 6 1) μmol/L高于ALAD1 1基因型 (2 36 0± 0 5 96 ) μmol/L ;而锌原卟啉水平也增高 ,前者 (13 0 7± 9 38) μmol/L ,后者 (9 90± 6 30 ) μmol/L。 结论　在同样的高铅暴露条件下 ,ALAD1 2 / 2 2 基因型可影响儿童体内铅负荷水平以及铅所致血液毒性效应     

常熟市噪声作业人员岗前的健康检查结果

目的 为了解常熟市噪声作业岗前体检人员的健康状况,了解各指标的异常检出情况,以便有针对性地进行健康教育和疾病预防.方法 根据GBZ 188-2007职业健康监护技术规范,对该市l 901名(男1 539人,女362人)噪声作业人员进行岗前的职业健康检查.结果 男女听力异常率无明显差异(P=0.12),男女心电图、肝功能、血常规、血压异常率之间的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);各指标异常率在不同年龄组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);性别组之间在2 000、3 000 Hz处听阈值差异无统计学意义,500、1 000、4 000、6000 Hz处听阈值差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 应加强噪声作业人员的职业健康检查,尽早发现职业禁忌证,取得听力的基础资料,观察听力变化情况,早期发现听力损伤,及时采取有效的措施.     

职业性铅接触者血铅、尿铅、血锌卟啉与工龄关系分析

选取铅接触水平相同的654例职业性接铅作业者在岗期间健康监护资料进行汇总分析,相关指标采用SPSS17.0统计软件处理。健康监护相关指标中以血铅阳性率最高;工龄与血锌卟啉明显负相关;工龄与血铅、尿铅无明显相关。血铅是铅接触最为敏感的生物标志物,《职业健康监护技术规范》所示的检查项目之间有良好的相关性。     

Monitoring of zinc protoporphyrin levels in blood following occupational lead exposure

The value of measurements of zinc protoporphyrin in blood (ZPP) in the surveillance of workers occupationally exposed to lead has been studied. From a group of referents, consisting of 1,088 men and 511 women, it has been established that the normal mean ZPP is in the region of 25 micrograms/100 ml, and only rarely do values exceed 45 micrograms/100 ml. The higher ZPP values are frequently associated with low blood hemoglobin concentrations and appear to be manifestations of an iron-deficiency anemia. Women have higher ZPP values than men; smoking has no influence. Measurements of ZPP and blood lead concentration (PbB) have been made every other month for 2.5 years on a group of around 200 men and 40 women exposed to lead in a storage battery factory. The mean ZPP of the group throughout the period was 70.9 micrograms/100 ml blood, and a linear relation between log ZPP and PbB in the PbB range of 10-80 micrograms/100 ml has been established. ZPP thresholds in the control of excessive occupational lead exposure, and the economic advantage of ZPP measurements over PbB, are discussed.     

Relationship between blood lead levels and renal function in lead battery workers

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between blood lead (PbB) levels and renal function indices of blood-urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SC) and uric acid (UA) among lead battery workers with exposure to lead. METHODS: A total of 229 workers of both genders from two lead battery factories were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The personal airborne and blood samples were collected on the same day. The airborne lead (PbA) and PbB levels, and individual renal function parameters were measured and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: A positive correlation between PbB levels and individual renal function index of BUN, SC, and UA was found ( P<0.01). The PbB levels and renal function indices showed significant difference between male and female workers. Based on a multiple regression model, an increment of 10 micro g/dl PbB produced an increase of 0.62 mg/dl BUN, after being adjusted for work duration and age, and an increase of 0.085 mg/dl UA, after being adjusted for gender and body weight. Workers with PbB 60 microg/dl showed a positive dose-effect relationship with significant difference in BUN ( P<0.001) and UA ( P<0.05), and the percentage of workers with BUN and UA over the reference value also showed an increasing trend. CONCLUSION: Blood-urea nitrogen and uric acid could be considered as suitable prognostic indicators of renal dysfunction in lead-exposed workers. Our results showed that PbB levels higher than 60 micro g/dl had increasing chances of inducing adverse renal effects.     

Blood lead and erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels in association with smoking and personal hygienic behaviour among lead exposed workers

Aims: To investigate the effects of smoking and personal hygienic behaviour on blood lead (BPb) and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels (FEP) in lead exposed workers. Methods: Subjects were 105 lead exposed male workers in a battery recycling plant during the years 2000–03. BPb and FEP were measured as part of the ongoing occupational surveillance. Each worker completed a questionnaire for assessment of smoking and four measures of personal hygienic behaviour (glove and mask use, hand and face washing before meals during working hours). Results: Statistically significant decreases in mean BPb and FEP occurred during the three years. The proportion of BPb reduction in the non-smoking workers was significantly higher (mean 24.3%) than in the smoking workers (15.3%). When the workers were classified into three groups (excellent, good, and poor) based on the four personal hygienic behavioural indicators, the greatest decreases of BPb and FEP were observed in the non-smoking workers of the excellent group. Conclusions: The consistent use of protection devices and cleanliness at work appeared to contribute to the lowering of BPb and FEP. Cessation of smoking in the workplace was also of importance.