2010-2011年璧山县食品中食源性致病菌监测结果分析

目的 了解璧山地区各类食品中食源性致病菌的污染状况,为有效预防食源性疾病提供科学依据.方法 按照国家标准方法对7项食源性致病菌进行分离与鉴定.结果 共抽检食品样品160件,检出致病菌9株,总检出率为5.6％,其中副溶血性弧菌5株,金黄色葡萄球菌2株,沙门菌2株.结论 动物性水产品的致病菌检出率较高,副溶血性弧菌污染较为严重,沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有不同程度的污染,因此食品监管部门应加强对其进行监督管理,严格控预防和控制食源性疾病的发生,保证人民群众的身体健康.     

大连市2012-2013年食源性致病菌监测结果分析

目的了解大连市食品中食源性致病菌污染状况,为食源性疾病监测提供科学依据。方法依据《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》对食源性致病菌进行监测。结果 2012-2013年间共监测945份食品,总检出率为4.97%。检出副溶血性弧菌、致泻大肠埃希菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、沙门菌。水产品污染较严重,以副溶血性弧菌检出率最高,为7.14%。结论食品存在食源性致病菌污染较严重,应加强食源性致病菌的监测,防止食源性疾病和食物中毒发生。     

北京市西城区2008-2010年食源性致病菌监测分析

依据北京市疾病预防控制中心《食品中食源性致病菌监测总体方案》要求,于2008-2010年对北京市西城区市售食品进行随机采样及检测,监测指标为大肠菌群、沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肠出血性大肠埃希菌中的O157H7、单增李斯特菌、副溶血性弧菌。共监测食品407件,大肠菌群共监测278件。食品中存在食源性致病菌的污染,检出沙门菌1株,金黄色葡萄球菌4株,单增李斯特菌9株,副溶血性弧菌1株。且不同取样场所和不同食品食源性致病菌检出率差异有统计学意义。因此,应进一步加强对食品中食源性致病菌的监测和检查,减少由此引起的食源性疾病的发生。     

北京市海淀区2010-2012年直接入口食品食源性致病菌污染状况分析

目的了解海淀区直接入口食品中食源性致病菌污染现状,为食源性疾病控制提供科学依据。方法 2010-2012年按照北京市监测网工作计划要求对海淀区采集的13类直接入口食品根据国标方法进行沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、大肠埃希菌(O157:H7/NM)、副溶血性弧菌、创伤弧菌等6种食源性致病菌检测。结果在检测的13类315份食品中,共分离出3种15株食源性致病菌,总检出率为4.76%,其中检出金黄色葡萄球菌10株,副溶血性弧菌4株,创伤弧菌1株。结论海淀区直接入口食品受到不同程度的致病菌污染,存在食物中毒和发生食源性疾病的隐患,应加强食品监督管理以减少可能引起食源性疾病的危险因素。     

2010年苏州市食品中食源性致病菌的监测分析

目的:了解本市各类食品中食源性致病菌的污染状况,寻找可能引起食源性疾病的高危食品,为有效预防食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法:按照国家标准方法和全国食源性疾病监测手册,对6项食源性致病菌进行分离与鉴定。结果:共抽检食品样品272(158+114)件,检出致病菌26(14+12)株,总检出率为9.6%,其中金黄色葡萄球菌14株,单核细胞增生李斯特菌6株,沙门菌2株,副溶血性弧菌4株。结论:熟肉制品和动物性水产品的致病菌检出率较高,金黄色葡萄球菌,单核细胞增生李斯特菌和副溶血性弧菌的污染较为严重,对此应引起重视。     

2009-2011年盐城市食源性致病菌监测结果分析

目的了解盐城市主要食品中食源性致病菌的污染状况,为预防和控制食源性疾病提供依据。方法依据《食品微生物学检验》GB4789-2008、2010和《江苏省食源性致病菌监测工作手册》,对沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特菌、副溶血性弧菌、大肠埃希菌O157:H7、创伤弧菌、空肠弯曲菌、阪崎肠杆菌的污染状况进行监测。结果 12类385份样中分离出4种15株食源致病菌,检出率为3.90%。其中单增李斯特菌9株,金黄色葡萄球菌3株,沙门菌2株,副溶血性弧菌1株,检出率依次为2.34%、0.78%、0.52%、0.26%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.43,P0.05)。检出率最高为肉及肉制品(11.00%),其次为豆制品(5.56%)。结论盐城市食品不同程度受多种致病菌污染,肉及肉制品、豆制品、焙烤类食品和动物性水产品为主要受污染食品,单增李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌、副溶血性弧菌为主要致病菌。     

2011-2012年大连市食源性致病菌污染状况调查

目的了解大连市食品中食源性致病菌污染状况,为预防和控制食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法选取本市有代表性的农贸市场、食品超市、宾馆酒店及个体摊贩随机采集9个种类食品,按照《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》的标准操作程序,对样品的沙门菌、志贺菌、单核细胞!生李斯特菌、大肠埃希菌O157∶H7、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血弧菌、创伤弧菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌进行检测。结果检测熟肉制品、速冻熟制米面制品、生食动物性水产品、婴幼儿配方食品、焙烤食品、果蔬类、凉拌菜、即食非发酵豆制品和米线凉皮盒饭类9类食品共508份,样品中检出5种致病菌共37株,总检出率为7.3%。其中金黄色葡萄球菌15株,副溶血弧菌16株,蜡样芽孢杆菌2株,单!李斯特菌1株,沙门菌3株。9类食品中致病菌检出率最高的是生食动物性水产品10.5%,其次为米饭凉皮盒饭类10.0%。结论大连市居民主要消费食品中存在食源性致病菌污染。其中生食动物性水产品、米线凉皮盒饭类、熟肉制品、速冻熟制米面制品是主要受污染的食品,副溶血性弧菌和金黄色葡萄球菌是大连市食源性疾病发生的危险因素。     

廊坊市食品中沙门菌等6种食源性致病菌的监测

目的:了解廊坊市高危食品中沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7、空肠弯曲菌的污染状况,提高我市食源性疾病检测、预警和控制能力,为食物中毒监测提供科学依据。方法:依据国家食源性疾病监测网工作手册进行。结果:检测生畜肉、生禽肉、非定型包装熟肉制品、动物性水产品、蔬菜、速冻米面食品、非发酵豆制品共300件,检出沙门菌31株,单核细胞增生李斯特菌26株,副溶血性弧菌11株,金黄色葡萄球菌2株,肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H71株,未检出弯曲菌。结论:廊坊市居民主要食品存在食源性致病菌污染,其中动物性水产品副溶血性弧菌株污染较重,生肉沙门菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌污染较重。     

2010年-2013年贺州市市售食品食源性致病菌监测分析

目的了解贺州市居民消费食品中食源性致病菌的污染状况,确定食源性疾病的高危食品种类,为预防食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法按照国家标准方法和食源性致病菌监测工作手册,对11项食源性致病菌进行检测分离、鉴定。结果监测14大类共计679件食品,检出致病菌101株,总检出率为14.87%(101/679)。其中沙门菌检出9株,单增李斯特菌检出2株,副溶血性弧菌检出15株,金黄色葡萄球菌检出19株,阪崎肠杆菌检出3株,蜡样芽孢杆菌检出51株,铜绿假单胞菌检出2株,志贺菌、创伤弧菌、大肠埃希菌O157及空肠弯曲菌未检出。结论贺州市食品存在较严重食源性致病菌污染,其中盒饭及米粉、动物性水产品、婴幼儿食品、乳制品、凉拌菜、生榨果汁、沙拉是主要受污染食品品种,蜡样芽孢杆菌、副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌为主要污染细菌,应加强监管措施,定期提供预警信息。     

2011年青岛市食品中食源性致病菌的监测分析

本研究旨在了解青岛市各类食品中食源性致病菌的污染状况,为食源性疾病控制提供科学依据。按照山东省监测网工作计划,采集青岛市12类食品共312件,根据《2011年山东省食源性疾病监测工作手册》进行沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、大肠埃希菌O157∶H7、阪崎肠杆菌,蜡样芽胞杆菌、志贺菌、空肠弯曲菌、副溶血性弧菌9种食源性致病菌检测。结果显示,在312份样本中,共分离出4种20株食源性致病菌,总检出率为6.41%。其中金黄色葡萄球菌7株,副溶血性弧菌2株,沙门菌8株,阪崎肠杆菌3株。即食非发酵性豆制品类,生禽肉,生畜肉类致病菌检出率较高,其次为婴幼儿配方奶粉、谷类辅助食品类,应重点加强对这些食品的监测力度。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.