苦参素对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的治疗作用

目的研究苦参素(OM)对大鼠佐剂型关节炎(AA)的影响,并探讨部分作用机制。方法弗氏完全佐剂(FCA)诱导AA大鼠模型,检测大鼠足爪肿胀度、多发性关节炎指数(AI),HE染色观察关节病理学改变,放免法检测血清IL-1β、TNF-α水平。结果 OM(60、120 mg.kg-1)剂量组能明显抑制AA大鼠继发性足肿胀,改善膝关节的病理学病变,使AA大鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α水平显著下降。结论 OM对AA大鼠有治疗作用,调节体内细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α的水平可能是其治疗AA的作用机制之一。     

白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1ra)对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的影响

研究IL-1 ra（Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist）对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用。采用SD大鼠作为受试动物，一侧足爪注射完全弗氏佐剂造成大鼠佐剂性关节炎（Adjuvant arthritis，AA）模型，检测足爪肿胀度、脾淋巴细胞增殖反应和腹腔巨噬细胞产生IL-1的水平。结果：IL-1 ra能明显减轻AA大鼠足肿胀程度；明显减少AA大鼠足爪评分分值；明显降低AA大鼠B淋巴细胞增殖反应和腹腔巨噬细胞IL-1的产生，可恢复降低的T淋巴细胞增殖反应。病理组织学观察结果表明，IL-1 ra可明显减轻AA大鼠关节中炎性细胞浸润、滑膜增生、血管翳形成、软骨和骨的破坏。IL-1 ra对AA有明显的治疗作用     

豹皮樟总黄酮对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的作用及部分机制研究

目的研究豹皮樟总黄酮(total flavonoids of Litseacoreana Leve,TFLC)对佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用及其机制。方法采用福氏完全佐剂诱导大鼠佐剂性关节炎(adjuvant-induced arthritis,AA)模型,观察TFLC的抗炎作用;放免法测定AA大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞(peritoneal macrophages,PMΦ)中肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的含量;MTT法检测AA大鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应;HE染色法观察AA大鼠膝关节病理组织学变化;免疫组化法观察AA大鼠膝关节滑膜细胞中基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinases,MMP-9)蛋白表达情况。结果TFLC(50、100、200mg.kg-1)对AA大鼠的原发性、继发性炎症具有明显的抑制作用,降低多发性关节炎评分;TFLC(50、100、200mg.kg-1)可提高AA大鼠低下的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应;TFLC(50、100、200mg.kg-1)有效降低AA大鼠PMΦ产生的TNF-α、IL-6水平;TFLC(50、100、200mg.kg-1)改善AA大鼠膝关节病理损伤;TFLC(50、100、200mg.kg-1)能明显降低AA大鼠膝关节滑膜细胞中MMP-9的蛋白表达。结论TFLC(50、100、200mg.kg-1)对AA大鼠具有明显的治疗作用,抗炎机制可能与调节免疫功能、减少细胞因子的生成以及抑制基质金属蛋白酶的蛋白表达有关。     

木瓜苷对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用

目的　研究木瓜苷对佐剂性关节炎 (AA)大鼠的治疗作用及部分机制。方法　大鼠足跖皮内注射弗氏完全佐剂诱发大鼠AA模型 ;足容积法测量继发侧足肿胀度 ,进行疼痛评分和多发性关节炎评分 ,MTT法检测胸腺T淋巴细胞和脾脏B淋巴细胞的增殖反应以及腹腔巨噬细胞产生IL 1水平 ,放射性免疫法测定腹腔巨噬细胞产生TNFα 和PGE2含量。结果　大鼠免疫后d 17开始分别灌胃木瓜苷 30、6 0、12 0mg·kg-1和阿克他利 6 0mg·kg-1对照药 ,连续给药 8d。木瓜苷 6 0、12 0mg·kg-1于d 2 1、d 2 4降低AA大鼠继发侧关节肿胀度、关节疼痛评分、多发性关节炎指数 ;木瓜苷 12 0mg·kg-1恢复AA大鼠胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖能力 ;木瓜苷各剂量还可不同程度抑制AA大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生IL 1、TNFα 和PGE2 。结论　木瓜苷可减轻AA大鼠关节肿胀、疼痛和多发性关节炎程度 ;该作用可能与调节T淋巴细胞的功能 ,抑制腹腔巨噬细胞过度分泌炎性细胞因子有关     

祛风息痛丸对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用

目的观察祛风息痛丸对佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用,为其临床治疗类风湿性关节炎提供实验依据。方法建立佐剂性关节炎大鼠模型,采用玻璃容器法测定大鼠原发性和继发性足爪肿胀度。采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清白细胞介素1(IL-1)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)含量。结果祛风息痛丸0.26,0.78和2.34g.kg-1连续灌胃3d显著抑制佐剂性关节炎大鼠原发性足爪肿胀,对致炎后18h的肿胀抑制率分别为21.4%,36.8%和65.0%。同剂量祛风息痛丸连续灌胃30d对佐剂性关节炎大鼠继发性即非致炎侧关节肿胀具有明显的抑制作用,并可明显降低多发性关节炎病变评分,中、大剂量可明显降低血清IL-1和TNFα含量。结论祛风息痛丸对实验性佐剂性关节炎具有治疗作用。     

橙皮苷对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用及机制

目的研究橙皮苷(hesperidin,HDN)对佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠的治疗作用及部分机制。方法用弗氏完全佐剂(FCA)诱导大鼠AA模型;足容积法测量继发侧足肿胀度;MTT法检测刀豆蛋白(ConA)和脂多糖(LPS)诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应;放免法测定脾淋巴细胞产生IL-2的水平以及腹腔巨噬细胞(PMΦ)IL-1,IL-6和TNF-α的水平;酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定PMΦ产生IL-10的水平。结果致炎后d12,大鼠继发性关节炎出现,同时灌胃给予不同剂量的HDN(40、80、160mg·kg-1),连续12d,从致炎后d20开始,HDN(80、160mg·kg-1)对AA大鼠继发性炎症有明显抑制作用;HDN各剂量可不同程度地纠正AA大鼠低下的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应和脾细胞IL-2的产生,降低AA大鼠PMΦ产生过高的IL-1,IL-6和TNF-α,同时上调AA大鼠PMΦ低下的IL-10水平。结论HDN对AA大鼠继发性炎症具有治疗作用,其作用机制可能与调节机体异常的免疫功能和维持细胞因子网络平衡有关。     

亚油酸及其甲酯对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用

目的观察亚油酸和亚油酸甲酯对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用。方法用弗氏完全佐剂建立大鼠关节炎模型(AA),观察亚油酸及其甲酯对AA大鼠足肿胀的抑制作用和对血清中IL-1β和TNF-α表达水平的影响。结果亚油酸及其甲酯能显著减轻关节肿胀,并能显著降低血清中IL-1β和TNF-α的含量。结论亚油酸及其甲酯对佐剂性关节炎有一定的治疗作用。     

重组人内抑素对佐剂性关节炎大鼠滑膜细胞增殖及产生细胞因子的影响

目的观察重组人内抑素对体外培养佐剂性关节炎大鼠滑膜细胞的增殖功能及产生细胞因子的影响,探讨其治疗佐剂性关节炎的作用机制。方法采用弗氏完全佐剂(CFA)诱导的佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠模型,用足容积法测量关节肿胀度;采用collagenasetypeⅡ消化法分离、培养滑膜细胞,MTT法检测重组人内抑素体内用药对滑膜细胞增殖的影响;放免法检测滑膜细胞上清液中IL-1β、TNF-α的含量。结果CFA致炎后d10,AA大鼠出现继发性炎症,此时皮下注射重组人内抑素(1·25,2·5,5mg·kg-1),连续7d,对照组于d10给予MTX(1·0mg·kg-1)。各剂量组能明显抑制AA大鼠的继发性足肿胀;重组人内抑素体内用药可明显减少AA大鼠滑膜细胞数量,抑制滑膜细胞的增殖,并呈剂量依赖关系;各剂量组均可明显抑制AA大鼠滑膜细胞产生过高的IL-1β和TNF-α。结论重组人内抑素抑制AA大鼠滑膜细胞过度的增殖及过高的细胞因子是其治疗AA的途径之一。     

银杏叶提取物对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用与机制

目的:考察银杏叶提取物(EGb761)对佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠的治疗作用,初步探讨银杏叶提取物治疗AA的作用机制。方法:将大鼠随机分为正常对照组,模型组,雷公藤多苷组,EGb761低、中、高(50,100,200 mg.kg-1)剂量组。弗氏完全佐剂致AA后d 12,大鼠出现继发性炎症,分别灌胃给予雷公藤多苷和EGb761,连续16 d;在不同的时间点检测大鼠继发侧关节肿胀度;致炎d 28处死大鼠,酶联免疫法检测血清中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量;光学显微镜观察关节病理变化。结果:EGb761可明显减轻继发性AA大鼠足爪的肿胀度;降低大鼠血清中IL-1β和IL-6含量;升高大鼠血清中IL-4和IL-10含量。结论:EGb761对大鼠继发性AA具有显著的治疗作用,其作用机制可能与抑制促炎因子IL-1β和IL-6的产生和释放以及促进抑炎因子IL-4和IL-10的表达相关。     

脂氧素受体激动剂BML-111减轻佐剂诱导的关节炎

目的观察脂氧素受体激动剂BML-111对大鼠佐剂诱导的关节炎(adjuvant arthritis,AA)病理改变及炎症因子表达的影响。方法♂SD大鼠足跖部注射弗氏完全佐剂诱导建立AA动物模型,脂氧素受体激动剂BML-111于造模后每日腹腔注入。观察AA大鼠足爪肿胀情况并给予定量临床评分;取病变关节切片HE染色后,光学显微镜下观察关节组织病理改变;EILSA法检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)浓度。结果BML-111处理降低AA大鼠关节临床病变评分并减轻关节组织病理损伤,这一效应伴有血清中TNF-α和IL-6浓度明显降低。结论脂氧素受体激动剂BML-111可减轻佐剂诱导的大鼠关节病变,提示脂氧素可调节免疫介导的慢性炎症过程,在关节炎等慢性炎症性疾病中有潜在应用价值。     

The effect of quinidine on the analgesic effect of codeine

Summary We have studied the hypoalgesic effect of codeine (100 mg) after blocking the hepatic O-demethylation of codeine to morphine via the sparteine oxygenase (CYP2D6) by quinidine (200 mg). The study was performed in 16 extensive metabolizers of sparteine, using a double-blind, randomized, four-way, cross-over design. The treatments given at 3 h intervals during the four sessions were placebo/placebo, quinidine/placebo, placebo/codeine, and quinidine/codeine. We measured pin-prick pain and pain tolerance thresholds to high energy argon laser stimuli before and 1, 2, and 3 h after codeine or placebo.After codeine and placebo, the peak plasma concentration of morphine was 6–62 (median 18) nmol·.l^–1. When quinidine pre-treatment was given, no morphine could be detected (<4 nmol·l^–1) after codeine. The pin-prick pain thresholds were significantly increased after placebo/codeine, but not after quinidine/codeine compared with placebo/placebo. Both placebo/codeine and quinidine/codeine increased pain tolerance thresholds significantly. Quinidine/codeine and quinidine/placebo did not differ significantly for either pin-prick or tolerance pain thresholds.These results are compatible with local CYP2D6 mediated formation of morphine in the brain, not being blocked by quinidine. Alternatively, a hypoalgesic effect of quinidine might have confounded the results.     

Additive effect of dextromethorphan on the inhibitory effect of anti-NT4 on morphine tolerance

It has been proposed that opioid tolerance is a model of neuronal plasticity similar to learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests that neurotrophins may be involved in synaptic development and plasticity. Observations indicate that neurotrophin 4 (NT4) is required for the synaptic plasticity mediating both tolerance and memory. Also there are lines of evidence to indicate that NMDA receptors are involved in the neural plasticity underlying the development of opiate tolerance. Neurotrophins affect central transmission postsynaptically by enhancing NMDA receptor responsiveness. So we used the clinically available NMDA receptor antagonist, dextromethorphan, and the neurotrophin 4 antibody, anti-NT4, concomitantly and alone to investigate their effects on morphine tolerance. Tolerance was induced by injecting morphine (7 and 10 mg/kg i.p.) once per day for 4 days. Anti-NT4 (1 microg/rat i.c.v.) was administered 15 min before morphine. Results showed that chronic concomitant treatment of anti-NT4 with morphine in both doses inhibited the development of morphine tolerance. Also acute treatment of anti-NT4 significantly reversed the tolerance that was induced by morphine 7 mg/kg but failed to reverse the tolerance of morphine 10 mg/kg. Dextromethorphan in both doses (10 or 30 mg/kg) has an additive effect on the inhibitory effect of anti-NT4 on the reversal of morphine tolerance (7 mg/kg). These findings provide additional support for the hypothesis that NMDA receptor and NT4 may be involved in neural plasticity underlying opiate tolerance.     

英夫利西单抗治疗寻常性银屑病的疗效及对血脂代谢的影响

目的 回顾性分析英夫利西单抗治疗寻常性银屑病的疗效及对血脂代谢的影响.方法 纳入2015年1月至2020年12月在上海市皮肤病医院住院期间采用英夫利西单抗治疗的寻常型银屑病患者,比较治疗前后血脂代谢水平[包括甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1和载脂蛋白B]及银屑病皮损面积和严重程度指数(PASI)评分.结果 英夫利西单抗治疗寻常型银屑病疗效显著,平均PASI评分治疗前为15.30[12.00,19.65],在治疗后12、24及52周分别为1.20[0.20,3.65]、1.20 [0.60,3.40]和2.40[1.70,8.15]分,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).TG、载脂蛋白A1在治疗后12、24及52周较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HDL-C水平治疗后12周相比于基线短暂升高,继续治疗逐渐恢复至基线水平.而TG、LDL-C及载脂蛋白B治疗前后并未发现明显改变.结论 英夫利西单抗治疗寻常型银屑病疗效优越,上调银屑病患者的HDL-C和载脂蛋白A1水平,对银屑病炎症有保护作用;同时也可一定程度上调TG水平,对银屑病患者的血脂代谢有明确的影响.     

基于中效方程的黄芩苷与小檗碱抗炎协同作用研究

黄芩苷和小檗碱分别是清热解毒药黄芩和黄连及其复方口服后主要的入血成分[1],二者体内外实验均表现出良好的抗炎活性[2,3],但联合应用的合理性研究还未见报道。本实验研究黄芩苷和小檗碱联合对经典炎症通路关键节点的影响,评价二者合用相关机制。     

Protonation effect on drug affinity

Pharmacologic ligand-macromolecule interactions are commonly characterized by affinity (dissociation) constants such as K(d) or K(i) without regard to the protonation effect of the buffer used in the measurement. The protonation effect is demonstrated here using isothermal titration microcalorimetry measurements of the competitive inhibitor binding of cytidine 2'-monophosphate (2'-CMP) to RNase-A as a model system in buffers of different ionization Delta H(buffer). The results demonstrate the importance of protonation in measures of affinity.     

L-carnitine effect on halothane-treated mitochondria

Addition of halothane to the incubation medium is shown to lower respiratory control and transmembrane potential and to increase ATPase activity in isolated rat liver mitochondria. Evidence is presented that L-carnitine is able to substantially decrease the negative effects of halothane on the energy-linked processes of mitochondria. The effects of halothane and the protective action of L-carnitine are discussed in the light of a possible involvement of long-chain acyl CoA in the unpairing of mitochondrial energy-linked functions.     

小檗碱对葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的溃疡性结肠炎小鼠模型的治疗作用及其对肠黏膜闭合蛋白的影响

目的观察小檗碱对于葡聚糖硫酸钠( DSS)诱导的溃疡性结肠炎( UC)小鼠模型的治疗作用及其对肠黏膜闭合蛋白(occludin)表达的影响。方法于 2021年 6—12月建立 DSS诱导的小鼠 UC模型进行基础性研究。将 30只 BALB/c小鼠采用抽签法随机平均分为对照组、模型组和治疗组，除对照组(不造模、不干预)外，其余两组小鼠自由饮用 3%DSS溶液 7d建立急性 UC模型。治疗组每只小鼠每日予小檗碱( 20 mg/kg)灌胃，其余两组则每日予双蒸水 0.2 mL灌胃。使用疾病活动系数( DAI)评估小鼠临床症状的严重程度，结肠黏膜损伤评分(CMDI)、组织病理评分及结肠组织髓过氧化物酶( MPO)对结肠炎症程度进行评估。用蛋白质印迹法及免疫组织化学染色观察结肠黏膜中 occludin的表达情况。结果对照组、模型组及治疗组第 7日 DAI评分分别为( 0.00±0.00)、(3.23±0.94)、(1.87±0.67)分( P<0.001)；对照组、模型组及治疗组病理组织学评分分别为( 0.40±0.84)、(8.20±1.70)、(4.85±0.97)分( P<0.001)；对照组、模型组及治疗组 MPO分别为( 1.94±0.58)、(4.46±1.13)、(3.11±1.05)U/g(P<0.001)。与对照组相比，模型组小鼠的 DAI、CMDI及组织病理评分及 MPO升高，而 occludin蛋白水平降低；而与模型组相比，治疗组小鼠的临床症状及肠道的炎症程度明显减轻。结论小檗碱可能通过上调 occludin蛋白的表达保护肠黏膜屏障，进而改善 DSS诱导小鼠 UC模型的炎症程度。     

Hypoglycemic effect of Astragalus polysaccharide and its effect on PTP1B

Aim: To examine the effects ofAstragalus polysaccharide (APS), a component of an aqueous extract ofAstragalus membranaceus roots, on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of insulin-receptor (IR) signal transduction, and its potential role in the amelioration of insulin resistance. Methods: Ten-week-old fat-fed streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats, an animal model of type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus (TIIDM), were treated with APS (400 mg/kg po) for 5 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was identified by the insulin-tolerance test. Further analyses on the possible changes in insulin signaling occurring in skeletal muscle and liver were performed by immunoprecipitation or Western blotting. PTP1B activity was measured by an assay kit. Results: The diabetic rats responded to APS with a significant decrease in body weight, plasma glucose, and improved insulin sensitivity. The activity and expression of PTP1B were elevated in the skeletal muscle and liver of TIIDM rats. Thus the insulin signaling in target tissues was diminished. APS reduced both PTP1B protein level and activity in the muscle, but not in the liver of TIIDM rats. Insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the IR β-subunit and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) were increased in the muscle, but not in the liver of APS-treated TIIDM rats. There was no change in the activity or expression of PTP1B in APS-treated normal rats, and blood insulin levels did not change in TIIDM rats after treatment with APS. Conclusion: APS enables insulin-sensitizing and hypoglycemic activity at least in part by decreasing the elevated expression and activity of PTP1B in the skeletal muscles of TIIDM rats.