五味子甲素对MPP~+诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞毒性作用的影响

目的初步探讨不同浓度的五味子甲素(SchA)对MPP+诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞毒性的影响。方法体外培养多巴胺能神经细胞SH-SY5Y,四唑盐比色法(MTT法)观察不同浓度的MPP+对SH-SY5Y细胞增殖的影响后,检测不同浓度的SchA对SH-SY5Y细胞的影响,筛选其无毒剂量后形态学及MTT法进一步观察一定浓度的SchA对MPP+引起的SH-SY5Y细胞毒性作用是否具有保护作用。结果与对照组相比,0.1～1.5 mmol/L MPP+染毒48 h均可引起SH-SY5Y细胞生长增殖抑制;0.5～5μmol/L SchA对SH-SY5Y细胞没有毒性作用,其中2～5μmol/L SchA均可明显抑制MPP+对SH-SY5Y细胞的毒性作用。结论 MPP+对SH-SY5Y细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用,而一定浓度的SchA能有效抑制MPP+的细胞毒性。     

蜗牛多肽混合物抗过氧化氢诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞损伤的作用

目的观察蜗牛多肽混合物对过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导SH-SY5Y细胞氧化损伤的抑制作用及其可能机制。方法用H2O2诱导SH-SY5Y细胞损伤,MTT法测定细胞存活率;39～1250 mg·L-1蜗牛多肽混合物处理后,Hoechst染色检测细胞凋亡;罗丹明123染色检测线粒体通透性;细胞免疫化学技术和Western blot技术分别检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的表达。结果 1.54 mmol·L-1H2O2可诱导SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡。用39～156 mg·L-1浓度的蜗牛多肽混合物处理后,H2O2诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡数量明显减少,同时可减少H2O2引起的线粒体通透性增加,升高PCNA与BDNF的表达(P﹤0.01)。结论蜗牛多肽混合物可抑制过氧化氢诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与其增加细胞PCNA与BDNF的表达有关。     

梓醇对乳胞素诱导SH-SY5Y细胞损伤的保护作用

目的探讨梓醇对蛋白酶体抑制剂乳胞素诱导的人神经母细胞瘤(SH-SY5Y)细胞损伤的保护作用及其可能机制。方法梓醇10μmol·L-1预处理SH-SY5Y细胞1 h后,加入乳胞素10μmol·L-1继续处理24 h。倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态的变化,MTT比色法检测细胞存活率,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,Hoechst33258染色观察细胞核形态的变化,酶联免疫吸附检测细胞内20S蛋白酶体含量。结果与正常对照组相比,梓醇10μmol·L-1对细胞存活率、形态和凋亡及20S蛋白酶体含量无显著差异;乳胞素10μmol·L-1组细胞存活率为(72.0±1.8)%,明显降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率为(64.7±2.6)%,明显增高(P<0.05)。Hoechst33258染色发现梓醇细胞核形态改变,出现凋亡小体;细胞内20S蛋白酶体含量降低60%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与乳胞素10μmol·L-1组相比,梓醇10μmol·L-1预处理组细胞存活率(87.9±2.2)%明显增高(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率为(51.4±1.5)%,明显降低(P<0.05)。Hoechst33258染色发现,梓醇细胞核形态明显改善;细胞内20S蛋白酶体含量升高了1.9倍,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论梓醇对乳胞素诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与梓醇提高SH-SY5Y细胞内20S蛋白酶体含量有关。     

姜黄素对SH-SY5Y细胞血红素加氧酶同工酶表达的影响

目的研究姜黄素在神经母细胞瘤细胞(SH-SY5Y)中对血红素加氧酶(HO)同工酶表达的影响,探讨姜黄素通过维持HO-1和HO-2的平衡对神经细胞的保护作用。方法体外培养人神经母细胞瘤细胞(SH-SY5Y细胞),以不同浓度的姜黄素(0、1.25、5.0、20μmol·L-1)处理SH-SY5Y细胞24h,及用浓度为5.0μmol·L-1的姜黄素分别处理SH-SY5Y细胞0、12、24、48h。利用荧光探针DCFH-DA和荧光分光光度计检测细胞内活性氧的水平。通过RT-PCR检测HO-1、HO-2mRNA的水平,Western blot检测HO-1、HO-2蛋白的表达。结果姜黄素作用于SH-SY5Y细胞后活性氧水平降低(P<0.05)。HO-1mRNA和蛋白的表达增加(P<0.05),而HO-2mRNA和蛋白的表达水平明显减弱(P<0.05),并呈浓度-时间依赖性。结论姜黄素通过抗氧化应激保护SH-SY5Y细胞,并促进SH-SY5Y细胞中HO-1的表达,下调HO-2的表达(P<0.05),姜黄素对HO-1和HO-2的这种反向调节,可能是姜黄素抗氧化应激、发挥神经细胞保护作用的一个机制。     

甲基苯丙胺对SH-SY5Y细胞的毒性作用及对α-核突触蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨甲基苯丙胺(methamphetamine,METH)对SH-SY5Y细胞的毒性作用和对α-核突触蛋白(α-synuclein,α-SN)表达的影响,为研究α-SN在METH神经毒性机制中的作用奠定基础。方法:分别用浓度0、0.5、1.5、2.5、3.5、4.5 mmol.L-1的METH处理SH-SY5Y细胞24 h,倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态变化;透射电镜观察细胞超微结构;CCK-8法检测细胞存活率;流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡率;实时荧光定量PCR和Western Blot分别检测α-SN基因和蛋白水平的表达变化。结果:以0 mmol.L-1为对照组,0.5-4.5 mmol.L-1METH处理的SH-SY5Y细胞镜下可见胞体皱缩变圆,突起变短、断裂、消失。电镜显示,METH处理的细胞内可见包涵体和自噬小体。0.5 mmol.L-1处理组与对照组比较,细胞存活率无显著性差异(P=0.274),其他浓度处理组与对照组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.001)。细胞凋亡率随METH浓度增加而递增,与对照组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.001)。与对照组比较,0.5 mmol.L-1处理组α-SN-mRNA的表达量没有显著差异(P=0.936),其他浓度处理组α-SN-mRNA均显著性上升(P<0.001),且α-SN-mRNA表达量随METH浓度增加而逐步上升。α-SN蛋白的表达也随METH浓度增加而递增。结论:METH对SH-SY5Y细胞有毒性作用并可刺激细胞中α-SN基因和蛋白水平的高表达。细胞毒性作用和α-SN的表达均随METH浓度的增加而递增。     

亚砷酸钠对SH-SY5Y细胞生长和3MST表达的影响

<正>神经母细胞瘤是儿童最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。因其恶性程度高,手术加化疗的方案对于侵润性的神经母细胞瘤效果不佳。砷,俗名砒霜,很早被用来治疗急性粒性白血病。现在发现砷对神经母细胞瘤、胶质瘤,以及来源于肝脏、前列腺、肾脏、子宫颈和胆囊等固体肿瘤也有效~([1])。然而,其作用机制尚未完全明了。有报道,肿瘤细胞H_2S合成酶表达上     

鱼藤素对SH-SY5Y神经母细胞瘤细胞凋亡的诱导作用

目的研究鱼藤素对SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡的诱导作用。方法鱼藤素(0、0.625、1.25、2.5、5、10、20μmol·L~(-1))处理SH-SY5Y细胞24、48、72 h后,CCK-8法测定细胞存活率。鱼藤素(0、8、20、50μmol·L~(-1))处理SH-SY5Y细胞24 h,光镜下及AO/EB双染分别观察细胞形态和凋亡形态,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,DCFH-DA荧光探针法检测细胞活性氧水平,分光光度法检测caspase-3活化程度。结果鱼藤素对SH-SY5Y细胞存活率呈时间和浓度依赖性抑制作用,作用24、48、72 h的IC50值分别为(26.07±2.18)、(18.33±0.94)、(12.5±1.49)μmol·L~(-1)。鱼藤素处理24 h后,细胞凋亡率、细胞活性氧水平明显上升(P<0.05),caspase-3活化程度升高,且三者均有浓度-效应特征。结论鱼藤素可抑制SH-SY5Y细胞存活,诱导细胞凋亡,其机制可能与升高活性氧水平和活化caspase-3相关。     

黄芩苷对H_2O_2诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞损伤的保护作用及其对Trx表达的影响

目的探讨黄芩苷对H2O2诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法采用体外培养细胞的方法,建立SH-SY5Y细胞H2O2损伤模型。分设药物组(50,100,200μmol/L)、H2O2损伤组、阴性对照组。采用MTT法检测细胞活力,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测各组细胞的Trx表达的变化。结果同H2O2损伤组比较,黄芩苷能明显减轻H2O2引起的SH-SY5Y细胞的损伤,同时Trx表达升高。结论黄芩苷对H2O2诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞损伤具有明显的保护作用,其作用机制可能是黄芩苷通过上调Trx表达,起到抗氧化作用,继而起到抗凋亡的作用。     

红花甙对过氧化氢诱导SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡保护作用的实验研究

目的研究红花甙(carthamin)对过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞(SH-SY5Y cells)凋亡的影响,并探讨其机制。方法实验分为空白对照组、H2O2损伤组及红花甙高、中、低剂量组。用H2O2作用于SH-SY5Y细胞,使其发生凋亡。MTT法检测SH-SY5Y细胞活性,比色法测丙二醛(MDA)的含量,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。结果与损伤组比较,随着红花甙剂量的增加,SH-SY5Y细胞存活率提高(P<0.01),MDA生成量减少(P<0.01),凋亡率下降(P<0.05)。结论红花甙对H2O2诱导SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡有保护作用,与红花甙能抗氧化、降低细胞凋亡有关。     

Methylmercury increases N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors on human SH-SY 5Y neuroblastoma cells leading to neurotoxicity

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a known neurotoxin, yet the mechanism for low dose chronic toxicity is still not clear. While N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) were found to be induced after exposure to MeHg in a mink model, its role on neurotoxicity is not known. The aims of this study were to investigate the expression and the functional roles of NMDARs on the induction of cell death in the human SH-SY 5Y neuroblastoma cell line after exposure to MeHg. NMDARs were measured using a radiolabeled phencyclidine receptor ligand [(3)H] (MK801) and cell death was quantified using fluorogenic substrates specific for caspase-3 (DEVD-AFC) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. We found a significant increase in NMDARs followed by increased caspase-3 activity after 4 h of exposure to MeHg (0.25-1 microM). Necrotic cell death was found after 4 and 24 h of exposure to MeHg (0.25-5 microM). The NMDAR antagonists dizocilpine ((+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d] cyclohepten-5,10-iminemaleate [(+)-MK801]) and Memantine (1-amino-3,5-dimethyl-adamantane) (10 microM) completely attenuated MeHg-mediated cell death by blocking NMDARs, thus demonstrating the importance of NMDARs in mercury neurotoxicity. Intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM (1 microM) partially attenuated the neurotoxicity effect of 1 microM MeHg. These results suggest that MeHg toxicity can be mediated through the binding and increase of NMDARs.     

Effect of toluene diisocyanate on homeostasis of intracellular-free calcium in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells

The mechanisms of TDI (2,4-toluene diisocyanate)-induced occupational asthma are not fully established. Previous studies have indicated that TDI induces non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine and induces contraction of smooth muscle tissue by activating 'capsaicin-sensitive' nerves resulting asthma. Cytosolic-free calcium ion concentrations ([Ca(2+)](c)) are elevated when either capsaicin acts at vanilloid receptors, or methacholine at muscarinic receptors. This study therefore investigated the effects of TDI on Ca(2+) mobilization in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. TDI was found to elevate [Ca(2+)](c) by releasing Ca(2+) from the intracellular stores and extracellular Ca(2+) influx. 500 microM TDI induced a net [Ca(2+)](c) increase of 112+/-8 and 78+/-6 nM in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca(2+), respectively. In Ca(2+)-free buffer, TDI induced Ca(2+) release from internal stores to reduce their Ca(2+) content and this reduction was evidenced by a suppression occurring on the [Ca(2+)](c) rise induced by thapsigargin, ionomycin, and methacholine after TDI incubation. In the presence of extracellular Ca(2+), simultaneous exposure to TDI and methacholine led a higher level of [Ca(2+)](c) compared to single methacholine stimulation, that might explain that TDI induces bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine. We conclude that TDI is capable of interfering the [Ca(2+)](c) homeostasis including releasing Ca(2+) from internal stores and inducing extracellular Ca(2+) influx. The interaction of this novel character and bronchial hyperreactivity need further investigation.     

The roles of valerenic acid on BDNF expression in the SH-SY5Y cell

The roots of Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae) are used for treating sleep disorders and/or mild nerve tension. The effect of valerenic acid on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has not yet been studied, although it is known that gamma-amino butyric acid A (GABA_A) receptor is regulated by BDNF, which modulates the depressive-like behavior and neurogenesis. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of V. officinalis root extract (VO), its main constituents valerenic acid (VA) and acetoxy valerenic acid (AVA) as well as valerenic acid-free (VAF), acetoxy valerenic acid-free (AVAF) extracts and increasing amounts of valerenic acid containing extracts on the BDNF expression in SH-SY5Y cell lines. The effect of methanolic extracts of VO, VA, AVA, VAF, AVAF, and the extracts whose amount of VA were increased gradually, were tested using a Human BDNF ELISA kit with 17β-estradiol as a positive control. The VO and VA extracts caused a significant (p?<?0.001) increase in the BDNF expression in SH-SY5Y cells compared to control. This effect completely disappeared when cells were treated with VAF extract. AVA alone did not show any significant change in the BDNF levels. The extracts with increasing amount of VA led to a concentration- dependent effect on the cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the antidepressant-like effect of the VO extract is also related to BDNF expression, and that this is mainly due to the presence of VA in the extract. Removing VA from VO extract leads to a loss of activity. Moreover, the concentration of VA plays a role for BDNF expressions in SH-SY5Y cells, which demonstrates the importance of quality control on the commercially available products.     

Apoptosis induced by acrylamide in SH-SY5Y cells

Acrylamide (1–5 mM) dose-dependently decreased cell viability in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). The caspase-3 activity and cell population in sub-G₁ phase were elevated and peaked on exposure to 3 mM acrylamide, while both were less so at higher dose (4 and 5 mM). Z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, lowered the apparent cytotoxicity of acrylamide. U0126, a specific inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) kinase, suppressed the elevation of caspase-3 activities as well as that of sub-G₁ population. Thus, although mechanisms other than caspase-dependent apoptosis may be involved, apoptotic process seems to take place in the genesis of toxicity of acrylamide in SH-SY5Y cells through ERK pathway and activation of caspase-3.     

13-甲基十四烷酸对H2O2诱导SH-SY5Y神经细胞损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨13-甲基十四烷酸（13-MTD）对过氧化氢（H2O2）诱导SH-SY5Y神经细胞损伤的影响。方法：采用体外细胞培养的方法,建立SH-SY5Y神经细胞H2O2损伤模型。光镜观察细胞形态,SRB法检测细胞存活率,AO/EB双重染色法检测细胞凋亡,MTT法检测线粒体活性。结果：与正常对照组相比,H2O2损伤模型组细胞出现明显病理改变,细胞存活率、线粒体活性均显著下降（P〈0.01）,细胞凋亡率显著升高（P〈0.01）;13-MTD10、20、40μg/mL可显著提高细胞存活率（P〈0.01）;13-MTD5、10、20μg/mL可显著下调细胞凋亡率（P〈0.01）;13-MTD5、10、20、40μg/mL可显著提高细胞MTT代谢率（P〈0.01）;且存在一定量效差异（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论：不同剂量的13-MTD对H2O2诱导的SH-SY5Y神经细胞氧化损伤具有保护作用。     

Chronic ethanol exposure changes dopamine D2 receptor splicing during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of human SH-SY5Y cells

There is evidence for ethanol-induced impairment of the dopaminergic system in the brain during development. The dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and the dopamine transporter (DAT) are decisively involved in dopaminergic signaling. Two splice variants of DRD2 are known, with the short one (DRD2s) representing the autoreceptor and the long one (DRD2l) the postsynaptic receptor. We searched for a model to investigate the impact of chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal on the expression of these proteins during neuronal differentiation. RA-induced differentiation of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells seems to represent such a model. Our real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry analyses of undifferentiated and RA-differentiated cells have demonstrated the enhanced expression of both splice variants of DRD2, with the short one being stronger enhanced than the long one under RA-treatment, and the DRD2 distribution on cell bodies and neurites under both conditions. In contrast, DAT was down-regulated by RA. The DAT is functional both in undifferentiated and RA-differentiated cells as demonstrated by [(3)H]dopamine uptake. Chronic ethanol exposure during differentiation for up to 4 weeks resulted in a delayed up-regulation of DRD2s. Ethanol withdrawal caused an increased expression of DRD2l and a normalization of DRD2s. Thus the DRD2s/DRD2l ratio was still disturbed. The dopamine level was increased by RA-differentiation compared to controls and was diminished under RA/ethanol treatment and ethanol withdrawal compared to RA-only treated cells. In conclusion, chronic ethanol exposure impairs differentiation-dependent adaptation of dopaminergic proteins, specifically of DRD2s. RA-differentiating SH-SY5Y cells are suited to study the impact of chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal on expression of dopaminergic proteins during neuronal differentiation.     

类叶升麻苷对鱼藤酮致SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的探讨类叶升麻苷对鱼藤酮致多巴胺能神经元SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡的保护作用及其机制。方法采用MTT法检测细胞存活率,以荧光染料Hoechst33342染色分析细胞核的形态学变化,用流式细胞仪定量分析细胞凋亡峰,以2,′7′-二氢二氯荧光黄双乙酸钠(DCFH-DA)为标记探针检测细胞内活性氧的产生。结果①0.5μmol.L-1的鱼藤酮处理SH-SY5Y细胞48 h能引起细胞存活率的显著下降;诱导细胞发生凋亡,凋亡率达47.39%;大部分细胞胞体皱缩,突起缩短消失或断裂;染色质皱缩、浓缩、断裂及形成凋亡小体;细胞内活性氧水平上升。②预先用盐生肉苁蓉提取物类叶升麻苷(10,20或40 mg.L-1)处理细胞6 h,可提高细胞存活率;明显改善鱼藤酮引起的细胞形态学变化;流式细胞仪检测凋亡率分别降低到25.87%,23.97%,10.45%;以DCFH-DA为标记探针检测到20 mg.L-1类叶升麻苷可明显抑制鱼藤酮引起的细胞内活性氧产生。结论类叶升麻苷能抑制鱼藤酮诱导的多巴胺能神经元SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡,其神经细胞保护作用可能与降低细胞内活性氧水平有关。     

Effect of selected insecticides on growth rate and stress protein expression in cultured human A549 and SH-SY5Y cells

Two organochlorines (dienochlor, endosulfan) and one neonicotinoid (imidacloprid) insecticides were investigated as putative cellular aggressors, both as pure chemicals and as commercial formulations, in order to evaluate the additional toxicity due to additives present in the commercial formulations. Toxicity was evaluated on human cells in vitro, by culturing neuronal SH-SY5Y and pulmonary A549 cell lines for 3 days in the presence of increasing concentrations of the selected pesticides. LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration), IC50 (concentration leading to a 50% decrease of cell growth) and expression changes of molecular chaperones involved in cellular protein quality control were determined. The investigated molecular chaperones were the cytosolic resident heat shock proteins (HSP27, HSP72/73, and HSP90) and the glucose regulated proteins (GRP78, GRP94) located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

Organochlorines were found to be the most toxic in both A549 and SH-SY5Y cells, IC50 being respectively 0.95 and 0.36 μM for dienochlor, 34 and 20 μM for endosulfan, 1.8 and 1.5 mM for imidacloprid. This shows that neuronal cells were more sensitive than pulmonary cells. LOEC and IC50 appeared at lower concentrations of active molecule when using the commercial formulations Techn’ufan (endosulfan) and Confidor (imidacloprid), indicating an additional adverse effect of additives.

Insecticide concentrations higher than IC50 were found to induce an underexpression of all cytosolic HSPs, probably resulting from a general inhibition of protein synthesis. HSP27 was found to be underexpressed at concentrations of imidacloprid or endosulfan (as Techn’ufan) lower than IC50. This underexpression of the anti-apoptotic HSP27 could contribute to the increase of cell mortality.

GRP78 was up-regulated by endosulfan in A549, but not in SH-SY5Y cells, suggesting a damaging effect on proteins specific to pulmonary cells. Conversely, HSP72/73 was found to be down-regulated, resulting probably from the ER unfolded protein response (UPR) as previously reported [Skandrani, D., Gaubin, Y., Vincent, C., Beau, B., Murat, J.C., Soleilhavoup, J.P., Croute, F., 2006. Relationship between toxicity of selected insecticides and expression of stress protein (HSP, GRP) in cultured human cells: effects of commercial formulations versus pure active molecules. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1760 (1), 95–103].     

2,3-吲哚醌对人神经母细胞瘤细胞SH-SY5Y凋亡和端粒酶表达的影响

目的研究2,3-吲哚醌(2,3-dioxoindoline,ISA)对人神经母细胞瘤细胞SH-SY5Y凋亡和端粒酶表达的影响。方法体外培养人神经母细胞瘤细胞SH-SY5Y细胞,将SH-SY5Y细胞随机分为对照组和ISA不同浓度(0、100、200、400μmol·L-1)处理组,采用Hochest33258荧光染色和琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析细胞凋亡;采用Western blot检测凋亡抑制基因bcl-2、凋亡基因bax蛋白表达的变化;采用RT-PCR检测加药后SH-SY5Y bcl-2,bax及端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT) mRNA表达水平的变化。结果100、200、400μmol·L-1ISA处理SH-SY5Y细胞48h后,荧光染色可观察到明显的细胞凋亡的核浓缩、核碎裂形态;bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白表达逐渐减少(P<0.05),各组间比较差别有统计学意义;bax mR-NA及蛋白表达水平未见变化(P>0.05);hTERT mRNA表达水平降低(P<0.05),各组间差异比较有统计学意义;200、400μmol·L-1ISA处理SH-SY5Y细胞48h,琼脂糖凝胶电泳可见DNA梯带。结论2,3-吲哚醌可能通过下调bcl-2和hTERT表达诱导SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡,并在一定浓度范围内呈浓度依赖关系。