经椎弓根伤椎植骨置钉后路复位内固定对单个胸腰段脊柱骨折患者术后椎体前缘高度及康复进程的影响

目的:研究经椎弓根伤椎植骨置钉后路复位内固定对单个胸腰段脊柱骨折患者术后椎体前缘高度及康复进程的影响。方法:选取2015年1月~2016年10月我院单个胸腰段脊柱骨折患者62例,依照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各31例。对照组采用常规跨伤椎后路复位固定治疗,观察组采用经椎弓根伤椎植骨置钉后路复位内固定治疗,术后随访6个月。比较两组手术时间、住院时间、术后椎体前缘高度及术后并发症发生率。结果:观察组术后椎体前缘高度压缩比高于对照组(P<0.05);手术时间、住院时间及术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:经椎弓根伤椎植骨置钉后路复位内固定治疗单个胸腰段脊柱骨折可有效恢复患者椎体前缘高度,缩短手术时间、住院时间,降低并发症发生率,促进患者康复。     

经伤椎椎弓根植骨置钉后路复位内固定术临床的疗效分析

目的了解经伤椎椎弓根植骨置钉后路复位内固定疗法应用于胸腰椎骨折病例中的价值。方法随机选择92例患有胸腰椎骨折而于2014年1月~2016年3月入住我院骨外科的确诊病例,依据手术疗法的不同分组:对照组45例施以跨伤椎后路复位疗法,观察组47例施以经伤椎椎弓根植骨置钉后路复位内固定疗法,予以随访观察,并统计对照组观察组疗效、Cobb角及其椎体前缘部位高度改善水平,作比较。结果对照组病例有效率77.78%(35/45),观察组95.74%(45/47)(P0.05);观察组病例Cobb角及其椎体前缘部位高度临床改善水平相对优于对照组(P0.05)。结论患上胸腰椎骨折后,骨外科治疗中,施以经伤椎椎弓根植骨置钉后路复位内固定疗法有效性强,有推荐价值。     

经后路伤椎椎弓根钉固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效观察

目的对胸腰椎爆裂骨折采用经后路伤椎椎弓根钉固定治疗的效果进行探究。方法以我院胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者60例为研究对象,选取时间为2015年7月～2018年1月,采用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组各30例。观察组接受经后路伤椎椎弓根钉固定治疗,对照组接受经后路非伤椎置钉短节段椎弓根钉固定治疗,将两组治疗后的临床疗效和并发症发生情况进行比较。结果对照组手术时间短于观察组(P0.05);两组术中出血量和住院时间比较无显著性差异(P0.05);术前两组伤椎前缘高度比和Cobb角无明显差异(P0.05);术后1、6个月两组伤椎前缘高度比显著增加,Cobb角显著降低,与治疗前比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后6个月观察组Cobb角低于对照组(P0.05),伤椎前缘高度比无显著差异(P0.05);观察组并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论对于胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者采用经后路伤椎椎弓根钉固定效果显著,并发症少,治疗效果较好。     

后路经伤椎单侧椎弓根通道植骨并置钉短节段内固定修复胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折

背景：短节段椎弓根钉技术治疗和修复胸腰椎爆裂性骨折在临床应用广泛,但经伤椎单侧椎弓根通道内植骨是否具有优越性仍需要进一步研究。
　　目的：观察后路伤椎单侧椎弓根通道植骨并置钉短节段内固定修复胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的围手术期效果。
　　方法：回顾性分析银川市第一人民医院骨科2009年1月至2013年12月采用短节段椎弓根钉内固定方法治疗的57例非合并神经症状单节段胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折患者的临床资料,按照治疗方式分为跨伤椎短节段椎弓根钉内固定组(n=21)、伤椎单侧置钉短节段椎弓根钉内固定组(n=19)、伤椎单侧椎弓根通道并植骨置钉短节段椎弓根钉内固定组(n=17)。观察手术时间、术中出血量、治疗后引流血量(拔管为标准)、伤椎前缘高度比、伤椎矢状面Cobb角、伤椎椎管侵占率、目测类比评分等指标变化。
　　结果与结论：①单侧椎弓根通道植骨并置钉技术可延长手术时间和增加治疗后引流血量(P<0.05)。②3种治疗方式均可恢复椎体高度。③治疗后3组间Cobb角比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),提示椎弓根通道植骨在围手术期并非改善后凸畸形的因素。④椎弓根通道植骨为改善椎管侵占率的因素。⑤椎弓根通道植骨并置钉可改善治疗后疼痛情况。提示后路经伤椎单侧椎弓根通道植骨并置钉短节段椎弓根钉内固定是修复胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折安全可靠的方法之一。     

后路伤椎椎弓根置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的分析后路伤椎椎弓根置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果。方法对2010年6月至2013年12月收治的28例采用后路伤椎椎弓根置钉内固定治疗的胸腰椎骨折患者进行随访、分析,观察椎体高度、Cobb角恢复情况。结果术后伤椎椎体高度恢复达88%~100%,Cobb角恢复至0°~6°。随访9~24个月,骨折全部愈合,无内固定松动、断钉及复位椎体高度丢失,合并神经损伤者神经功能也都有不同程度恢复。结论后路伤椎椎弓根置钉,较传统跨伤椎置钉,有更好的力学稳定性,避免术后伤椎复位高度丢失、内固定松动、断钉等并发症,是治疗胸腰椎骨折的有效办法。     

3椎5钉固定联合伤椎植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨采用经一侧伤椎椎弓根固定(3椎5钉法),经另一侧伤椎椎弓根椎体植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效。方法采用后路短节段经伤椎一侧椎弓根钉复位固定,经另一侧椎弓根伤椎植入人工骨治疗胸腰椎轻中度爆裂骨折37例,根据术前及术后10 d、6个月、1年的临床表现及影像学资料,采用胸腰背痛的视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)、伤椎后凸Cobb角平均值、伤椎前缘平均高度比值、平均椎管占位率及神经功能恢复情况进行比较分析。结果所有患者均获得12～24个月随访,采用该方法治疗的37例患者,术后VAS评分、伤椎后凸Cobb角平均值、伤椎前缘平均高度比值、平均椎管占位率与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后神经功能亦有明显改善,无一例发生内固定失败。结论采用后路短节段经伤椎一侧椎弓根钉复位固定(3椎5钉法),经另一侧椎弓根伤椎植入人工骨治疗胸腰椎轻中度爆裂骨折可有效矫正胸腰椎后凸畸形,预防术后伤椎椎体塌陷及内固定失败,临床疗效好,是一种理想的治疗方法,值得推广。     

伤椎椎弓根钉固定联合伤椎内硫酸钙灌注椎体成形治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 探讨伤椎椎弓根钉固定联合伤椎内硫酸钙灌注椎体成形治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的效果和安全性.方法 2006年11月至2010年12月采用椎弓根内固定系统固定伤椎及上下相邻椎体联合经伤椎椎弓根向椎体内灌注硫酸钙行椎体成形,治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折100例,观察术前、术后4d及术后12个月随访的Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比值及椎管容积侵占率的改善情况.结果 所有患者均无副损伤,均无切口感染,获得12 ～ 26个月(平均16.5个月)的随访,术前Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比值、椎管容积侵占率分别为:(28.4±4.8)°,(48.5±8.4)％,(52.1±8.6)％;术后4 d Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比值、椎管容积侵占率分别为:(4.9±1.2)°、(98.2±4.3)％、(23.8±4.5)％;术后12个月分别为:(5.8±1.4)°、(96.5±4.5)％、(24.1±4.6)％.以上3项指标术后4d、12个月与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);术后12个月与术后4d比较,此3项指标差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).所有患者植骨融合率100％,无内固定物松动断裂.结论 伤椎椎弓根钉固定联合伤椎内硫酸钙灌注椎体成形治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折安全可行,能够恢复椎体高度,改善Cobb角,改善椎管狭窄.通过后路的硫酸钙灌注,解决了前方的前中柱骨缺损问题;增加经伤椎固定,即6枚钉固定,能够使螺钉间的力臂缩短,从而增加了连接棒及螺钉的承载能力,更好地恢复并维持伤椎前中柱高度.     

跨伤椎置钉和经伤椎置钉治疗A型胸腰椎骨折效果比较

目的探讨跨伤椎置钉和经伤椎置钉治疗A型胸腰椎骨折的手术效果。方法胸腰椎骨折行后路椎弓根系统内固定术治疗患者23例,按手术方法分为A组(跨伤椎置钉组)11例和B组(经伤椎置钉组)12例。手术前后测量伤椎前缘高度、伤椎后缘高度、局部后凸角。结果所有椎弓根螺钉均顺利植入,螺钉位置及内固定稳定性良好。两组椎体高度和后凸角均改善(P0.05),B组后凸角矫正程度优于A组(P0.05)。结论后路椎弓根系统内固定结合经伤椎置钉,矫正后凸畸形的短期效果优于单纯内固定。     

短节段固定结合伤椎置钉、植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床研究

目的 探讨后路短节段椎弓根钉固定结合伤椎椎弓根钉固定加伤椎经椎弓根植骨成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折的方法和效果.方法 2005年3月至2010年3月治疗组采用传统短节段椎弓根钉固定结合经伤椎椎弓根钉固定和椎体内植骨成形术治疗32例胸腰椎骨折,以同期随机选择的采用传统短节段椎弓根钉固定术治疗的30例胸腰椎骨折为对照组进行临床对比研究,分别测量两组病例术前、术后及末次随访时伤椎椎体前缘高度、脊柱矢状位Cobb角,椎管内占位百分比,以ASIA 2000分级标准评定神经功能;以Charles标准评定临床疗效,并进行统计学分析.结果 术后平均随访17.2个月（12 ～21个月）,放射学评估两组患者术后的脊柱重建均较术前有明显改善,两组术后即刻伤椎高度恢复方面疗效相当,但对照组在术后脊柱的后凸矫形和骨折块复位方面较治疗组差（P＜0.05）.末次随访时治疗组与对照组伤椎椎体前缘高度、脊柱矢状位Cobb角两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,神经功能和临床疗效评估两组比较差异均无统计学意义,并发症治疗组2例,对照组5例.结论 经伤椎椎弓根植骨加伤椎固定结合短节段椎弓根钉固定可提高骨折后凸畸形的矫正度,使脊柱和内固定物的载荷更合理、更稳定,降低了内固定失效和矫形丢失的发生,促进了骨折愈合,是弥补传统短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定手术不足的有效方法.     

椎弓根钉内固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效分析

【目的】分析采用椎弓根钉内固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效。【方法】对36例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者均行手术治疗，应用椎弓根钉内固定、自制圆棒透视下经伤椎椎弓根撬拔复位结合经椎弓根植骨治疗。【结果】采用Frankel标准评定神经功能恢复情况。通过术前、术后1周伤椎影像学检查，伤椎椎体前缘高度、Cobb角及伤椎椎体前缘高度与伤椎上下椎体平均高度的比值均明显改善。椎管狭窄受堵情况按wolter分类评估。Cobb角由术前的平均29．2&#176;矫正至平均4．2&#176;；伤椎椎体前缘高度，由术前的平均19mm矫正至平均36mm，伤椎椎体前缘高度与伤椎上下椎体平均高度的比值由术前的平均35．8％矫正至95．5％，术后随访测量伤椎X线片的Cobb角、椎体前缘高度与术后1周比较无明显变化，无一例发生内固定失败。【结论】椎弓根钉内固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折，植骨融合率高，有效防止内固定失败和骨折复位丢失，是治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折较理想的方法。     

Doing more with less and less with more

The "devil is in the details" of any policy response. What forms such changes may take, and what research informs them, are critical to the profession as a whole and to practitioners on a daily basis. Research partnerships between home care agencies and university professors may provide rigorous, systematic, and validated findings necessary for meaningful solutions (Plotkin & Roche, 2000). The evidence of a dialogue between nursing researchers, home healthcare practitioners, and policymakers anticipating impacts on practice of changing fiscal and information-gathering requirements is scant. Such issues are in need a priority discussion by agencies, and collaborative investigative efforts between all involved.     

Communicating with clients and colleagues with hearing loss

Abstract:

Aside from elderly relatives, some of us may have never had any direct personal experience with a person who is deaf or hard of hearing, and so may be unfamiliar with how to effectively communicate with these people. This can make for a very awkward, frustrating and possibly embarrassing experience for both parties. This author is a wearer of hearing aids herself, and would like to share some information on hearing loss and tips on effective communication with a person with hearing loss.     

Mindfulness and Coping with Dysphoric Mood: Contrasts with Rumination and Distraction

Past research has shown that rumination exacerbates dysphoric mood whereas distraction attenuates it. This research examined whether the practice of mindfulness meditation could reduce dysphoric mood even more effectively than distraction. A dysphoric mood was induced in 139 female and 38 male participants who were then randomly assigned to a rumination, distraction, or meditation condition. As predicted, participants instructed to meditate reported significantly lower levels of negative mood than those in either of the two other conditions. Distraction was associated with a lessening of dysphoric mood when compared to rumination but was not as effective as mindfulness meditation. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

Special problems with children and adolescents with diabetes.

Treatment of children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1) is different in many ways than it is for adults. Physical, cognitive, and emotional development changes affect therapeutic goals and modalities. Neonatal, early childhood, school-age, and adolescent patients all have unique needs. Further, diabetes can affect psychosocial maturation and the likelihood of difficulties with mood.     

Interaction of peptidoglycans with anti-IgGs and with complement.

This report describes the interaction of peptidoglycan (Streptococcus group A, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus lysodeikticus) with 2 serum mediator systems, namely with the anti-IgG system and with complement. The observation that the majority of rabbits hyperimmunized with A-variant streptococcal vaccine produced anti-group carbohydrate antisera containing anti-IgGs and antibodies directed to peptidoglycan suggested that the production of these 2 latter antibodies was related. This view was supported by the finding of a monoclonal 7S anti-IgG with antibody specificity for the pentapeptide of peptidoglycan as evidenced by inhibition of the coprecipitation of 7S anti-IgG with antigen-antibody complexes by the pentapeptide. Inhibition of the anti-idiotype reaction by the pentapeptide provided further evidence for the antibody specificity of 7S anti-IgG for peptidoglycan. When added to normal human sera all peptidoglycan preparations inhibited the hemolytic activity of the sera. Consumption of C3 in C2 deficient serum and consumption of C2 in normal serum indicated the activation of both known complement pathways. Activation of the classical pathway of complement was more efficient since 50 mug of peptidoglycan consumed approximately 70% of C2 per ml normal serum whereas more than 2 mg of the same preparations was required to inactivate 17-24% of C3 in C2 deficient sera. Each of the different peptidoglycan preparations consumed similar amounts of complement in all 20 sera tested. This finding suggested that activation of the classical complement pathway by peptidoglycan was not mediated by anti-peptidoglycan antibodies present in only 20-40% of normal human sera.     

Expanded timed up and go test with subjects with stroke: reliability and comparisons with matched healthy controls

Faria CD, Teixeira-Salmela LF, Silva EB, Nadeau S. Expanded Timed Up and Go test with subjects with stroke: reliability and comparisons with matched healthy controls.ObjectivesTo investigate the intra- and interrater reliabilities of the Expanded Timed Up and Go (ETUG) test with subjects with stroke and to compare the ETUG scores between subjects with stroke and healthy control subjects.DesignCross-sectional.SettingResearch laboratory.ParticipantsStroke participants (n=48; mean age ± SD, 59.29±15.84y) and healthy controls (n=48), matched by age, sex, and levels of physical activity.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresThe time spent to complete the ETUG in absolute (s) and ratio values regarding the percentages of the total time. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Student t tests, and 95% confidence intervals were employed to investigate the reliability and differences between the groups (α<.05).ResultsBoth intra- and interrater reliabilities showed significant and excellent results for both groups for the absolute values (0.86≤ICC≤1.00; P<.001) and ratio values (0.55≤ICC≤0.99; P<.001). The mean time, in seconds, for all of the ETUG activities was higher for the subjects with stroke than for the control subjects (3.15≤t≤5.78; P<.001). However, when the comparisons considered the ratio values, no significant differences between the groups were found (0.45≤t≤1.15; 0.25≤P≤0.65). These results were confirmed by the 95% confidence interval.ConclusionsSubjects with stroke spent more time in all of the ETUG activities when compared with control subjects. All of the activities appeared to contribute similarly to the poorer performances observed in subjects with stroke, because the ratio values were similar between the groups. Considering the positive intra- and interrater reliability results, the ETUG could be applied to assess the functional mobility of both groups.     

Hemosuccus pancreaticus: diagnosis with CT and MRI and treatment with transcatheter embolization

We report the case of a 56-year-old woman with a presyncopal episode followed by melena. A sentinel clot sign in the pancreatic duct on precontrast computed tomography and the presence of a splenic artery aneurysm on postcontrast computed tomography strongly suggested a fistula between the aneurysm and the duct, as visualized by magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was treated successfully by complete embolization of the splenic artery aneurysm. Received: 25 January 2000/Accepted: 21 February 2001