剖腹产术后低浓度罗哌卡因与布比卡因硬膜外自控镇痛效果对比观察

【目的】探讨剖腹产术后应用低浓度罗哌卡因和布比卡因硬膜外自控镇痛效果、运动阻滞和副作用的异同。【方法】将80例足月行剖腹产手术的患者随机分为A组（0．2％罗哌卡因100ml＋吗啡3．0mg＋氟哌利多5．0mg）和B组（0．2％布比卡因100ml＋吗啡3．0mg＋氟哌利多5．0mg）。手术后分别进行硬膜外自控镇痛,观察术后4、12、24、48h的生命体征,并记录镇痛效果、镇静评分、运动阻滞评分、不良反应及48h总用药量。【结果】A组下肢运动阻滞改良Bromag。评分在12、24及48h分别显著低于B组评分（P〈0．01）,A组和B组镇静、镇痛评分及副作用发生率均无显著差异。【结论】低浓度罗哌卡因复合吗啡用于剖腹产术后硬膜外自控镇痛时下肢运动阻滞反应较弱,应用效果优于布比卡因。     

高浓度／低容量与低浓度／高容量左旋布比卡因在胸科术后硬膜外镇痛的效果比较

目的：比较高浓度／低容量与低浓度／高容量左旋布比卡因镇痛液在胸科术后硬膜外镇痛中的效果及安全性。方法将开胸手术肺癌患者58例,采用随机数字表法分为高浓度／低容量组（A组）与低浓度／高容量组（B 组）,每组29例,两组术前、术中措施、麻醉及术式均相同,于手术结束前15 min,A组用0．25％左旋布比卡因100 ml,B组用0．125％左旋布比卡因200 ml硬膜外镇痛,两组镇痛时间均为48 h。观察两组术后4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h及48 h视觉模拟镇痛评分（ VAS）、Ramsay镇静评分、Bromage运动神经阻滞评分、心率、平均动脉压、血氧饱和度和不良反应。结果 B组各时点VAS、Bromage运动神经阻滞评分,平均动脉压均低于A组（P均＜0．05）,但B组各时点的Ramsay镇静评分高于A组（P均＜0．05）,两组心率、血氧饱和度比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论与高浓度／低容量相比,低浓度／高容量左旋布比卡因镇痛液用于胸科术后硬膜外镇痛,具有镇痛、镇静效果好、运动神经阻滞效应轻、平均动脉压波动大等特点。     

0．15％左旋布比卡因轻比重腰-硬联合麻醉在老年人侧卧位下肢骨科手术中的应用

目的观察0．15％左旋布比卡因轻比重腰-硬联合麻醉（CSEA）用于侧卧位下肢骨科手术的麻醉效果及安全性。方法侧卧位下肢骨科手术患者70例，随机分为两组，CSEA组（A组，35例），硬膜外麻醉（EA）组（B组，35例）。A组先行硬膜外穿刺，继以针实施脑麻，脑脊液流出后，将腰麻针斜面向患侧，以大约0．3ml/s的速度注入0．15％左旋布比卡因6～8ml后置入硬膜外导管，使阻滞平面上界控制在第9～12胸椎。B组实施硬膜外穿刺置管后，给予2％利多卡因5ml为试验量，确定导管在硬膜外腔，追加0．5％左旋布比卡因12ml。结果A组感觉阻滞及运动阻滞起效时间显著高于B组（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）。骨性操作期间VAS比较，A组低于B组（P〈0．05）。两组改良Bromage评分差异无统计学意义，而A组组内患侧与健侧VAS及Bromage评分差异有统计学意义，（P〈0．05）。B组低血压发生率为15％，高于A组（P〈0．05）。结论0．15％左旋布比卡因轻比重CSEA老年患者侧卧位下肢骨科手术麻醉效果优于EA，安全可行。     

吗啡、芬太尼复合布比卡因行蛛网膜下腔阻滞在剖腹产手术术后镇痛中的应用

目的 观察吗啡、芬太尼复合布比卡因行蛛网膜下腔阻滞在剖腹产手术术后镇痛的效果和副作用的发生率。方法 120例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ剖腹产手术病人,随机分3组,A组0．75％布比卡因1．6ml,B组吗啡0．3mg＋0．75％布比卡因1．6ml,C组芬太尼25ug＋0．75％布比卡因1．6ml均行蛛网膜下腔阻滞。结果 B、C组术后镇痛效果明显优于A组（P〈0．05）,C组副作用发生率低于B组（P〈0．05）。结论 吗啡、芬太尼复合布比卡因行蛛网膜下腔阻滞术后均有明显镇痛效果,芬太尼组术后的不良反应发生率要比吗啡少。     

高乌甲素加左旋布比卡因用于剖宫产术后自控镇痛

目的观察高乌甲素加左旋布比卡因用于剖宫产术后自控镇痛的效果。方法将130例剖宫产手术（ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级）患者随机分为两组：A组65例,硬膜外腔注入高乌甲素8mg＋0．25％左旋布比卡因4mL共6mL,然后接高乌甲素16rag加1％左旋布比卡因100mL镇痛泵;B组65例术毕硬膜外腔注入吗啡2～2．5mg加0．25％布比卡因6mL,然后接吗啡7．5—8mg加0．25％布比卡因100mL镇痛泵,采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）评定术后疼痛的情况,记录不良反应、术后镇痛效果与PCEA按压次数。结果镇痛作用A、B两组大致相同,两组VAS评分无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。术后镇痛过程中出现恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、皮肤损害等不良反应发生次数A组明显少于B组（P〈0．05）。结论高乌甲素加左旋布比卡因用于自控镇痛优于吗啡加布比卡因。     

泵速对剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛效果的影响

目的：观察泵速对剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛效果的影响。方法：60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的剖宫产术病人，均在硬膜外麻醉下完成手术并实行硬膜外术后镇痛，根据泵速不同将病人随机分为三组，每组20例，A组：0．15％布比卡因＋芬太尼0．4mg，100mil泵速2．1mil／h：B组：0．15％布比卡因＋芬太尼0.4mg，168mil，泵速3．5mil／h：C组：0．15％布比卡因＋芬太尼0．4mg，240mil，泵速5ml／h。观察病人术后6h、18h、24h、48h，镇痛效果及不良反应。结果：三组患者年龄、体重、手术时间及术中绝对平面无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；术后各时间段B、C两组VAS评分均低于A组（P〈0．05）：术后24hB、C两组的阻滞节段数均大于A组（P〈0．05）；三组病人术后镇痛的副作用，C组的下肢麻木发生率较A、B两组高（P〈0．05）。结论：泵速直接影响剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛效果，3．5mil／h的泵速既可产生良好的镇痛效果，又不影响病人的下肢活动，可作为首选。     

左旋布比卡因、罗哌卡因及布比卡因硬膜外镇痛效果比较

目的 比较左旋布比卡因与罗哌卡因、布比卡因复合吗啡用于剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛的效果和副作用。方法 采用随机双盲法,将90例择期行剖宫产术的足月、单胎、年龄25～38岁、体质量59～87kg孕妇均分为3组：左旋布比卡因组（L组）、罗哌卡因组（R组）和布比卡因组（B组）。术后分别采用0．125％左旋布比卡因、0．125％罗哌卡因或0．125％布比卡因复合小剂量吗啡（20μg／ml）行病人自控硬膜外镇痛。观察各组术后48h内镇痛效果、运动阻滞程度以及恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒等副作用的发生率。结果 3组产妇术后视觉模拟评分、镇痛治疗总体印象评分、改良Bromage评分比较差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。3组产妇对病人自控硬膜外镇痛的满意率有显著性差异（L组93．3％,R组70％,B组96．6％,P〈0．05）。3组不良反应发生率及排气时间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论 0．125％左旋布比卡因混合吗啡用于产科术后硬膜外镇痛可获得满意的镇痛效果,且无明显毒剐作用。     

舒芬太尼复合左旋布比卡因在连续臂从神经阻滞术后镇痛的浓度探讨

目的:探讨舒芬太尼复合左旋布比卡因在连续臂从神经阻滞术后镇痛的合适浓度。方法:上肢手术患者90例,采用套管针行改良肌间沟法连续臂从神经阻滞,并保留套管针术后接患者自控镇痛泵。A组0.4μg/ml舒芬太尼加0.125%左旋布比卡因术后镇痛;B组0.5μg/ml舒芬太尼加0.125%左旋布比卡因术后镇痛;C组0.6μg舒芬太尼加0.125%左旋布比卡因术后镇痛。3组背景剂量均为4ml/h,自控药量每次2ml,锁定时间15min。观察术后镇痛效果、运动阻滞程度、镇静程度、镇痛泵使用情况及恶心、呕吐、呼吸抑制等不良反应。结果:A组镇痛效果较B、C两组差,B、C两组镇痛效果无显著性差异。3组运动阻滞程度、镇静程度和不良反应无显著性差异。结论:0.5μg/ml舒芬太尼联合0.125%左旋布比卡因用于连续臂丛神经阻滞术后镇痛即可获得满意镇痛效果,同时不增加不良反应发生率。     

硬膜外布托啡诺联合布比卡因用于子宫切除术术后镇痛的效应

目的评价布托啡诺联合布比卡因用于妇科子宫切除术术后硬膜外镇痛的效应。方法60例连续硬膜外麻醉下行子宫切除手术患者,依术后硬膜外镇痛用药不同,随机分为3组,每组20例。A组：布托啡诺2mg用生理盐水稀释至10m1;B组：布托啡诺2mg复合0．125％布比卡因10ml;C组：布托啡诺2mg复合0．25％布比卡因10ml。记录上述各组术后2、6、24h的视觉模拟评分（VAS）、镇痛起效时间、持续时间及不良反应发生情况。结果B、C两组术后镇痛起效时间明显短于A组（P〈0．05）,镇痛持续时间明显长于A组（P〈0．05）,术后6、24hVAS评分,B、C两组明显低于A组（P〈0．05）,三组呼吸抑制及恶心、呕吐的发生情况比较差异无统计学意义。结论布托啡诺2mg联合0．125％布比卡因用于妇科子宫切除手术术后硬膜外镇痛,较单独使用布托啡诺起效快、镇痛持续时间长。     

硬膜外注入不同阿片类药物对剖宫产术后镇痛效果的比较

目的比较剖宫产术后不同阿片类药物联合低浓度罗哌卡因硬膜外镇痛的效果。方法择期行剖宫产术的孕妇60例,随机分为3组。术后A组硬膜外注入0．125％罗哌卡因10ml联合吗啡2mg,B组联合舒芬太尼5μg,C组联合芬太尼0．05mg。记录术后各时点VAS评分、运动阻滞程度和并发症。结果VAS评分术后9h时A组低于B组,B组低于C组（P〈0．05）;术后12h和24h时A组低于B组和C组（P〈0．05）,B、C组间无统计学差异;运动阻滞程度和并发症各组间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论硬膜外注射吗啡联合低浓度局麻药可增强镇痛效果,延长镇痛时间,是剖宫产术后有效的镇痛方法。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.